Bolivar County, Mississippi facts for kids

Quick facts for kids Bolivar County
U.S. county
Grover Hotel in Downtown Cleveland Historic District.
Location within the U.S. state of Mississippi
Mississippi's location within the U.S.
Country	United States
State	Mississippi
Founded	1836
Named for	Simón Bolívar
Seat	Rosedale and Cleveland
Largest city	Cleveland
Area
• Total	906 sq mi (2,350 km2)
• Land	877 sq mi (2,270 km2)
• Water	29 sq mi (80 km2)  3.2%
Population  (2020)
• Total	30,985
• Density	34.200/sq mi (13.205/km2)
Time zone	UTC−6 (Central)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−5 (CDT)
Congressional district	2nd

Bolivar County (/ˈbɒlɪvər/ BOL-i-vər) is a county located on the western border of the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2020 census, the population was 30,985. Its county seats are Rosedale and Cleveland. The county is named in honor of Simón Bolívar, early 19th-century leader of the liberation of several South American territories from Spain.

The Cleveland, Mississippi, Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Bolivar County. It is located in the Mississippi Delta, or Yazoo Basin, of Mississippi. This area was first developed for cotton plantations. Large industrial-scale agricultural operations have reduced the number of farm workers needed, and the population is half of its peak in 1930. Today, soybeans, corn, and rice are also commodity crops.

History

In 1836, when it was founded, the land was originally Choctaw, and was taken for use in agriculture, with some of the most valued land in the state. In 1840, there was only one free black person, 384 free whites, and 971 enslaved people, making its population 60% slaves. This number only increased, because around 1860, the population was about 87% slaves, due to its mostly agricultural economy, and continued to gain a high black population, relating to it being in the delta, and pressure for African-Americans to move to the delta. The county had 18 documented lynchings in the period from 1877 to 1950. In the 1920s, Bolivar county was a hotspot for UNIA chapters, with 17 chapters, and by 1960, it had a significant local civil rights movement, and remains a mostly black area today.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 906 square miles (2,350 km²), of which 877 square miles (2,270 km²) is land and 29 square miles (75 km²) (3.2%) is water. It is the second-largest county in Mississippi by land area and fourth-largest by total area.

Major highways

• Future Interstate 69
• U.S. Route 61
• Mississippi Highway 1
• Mississippi Highway 8
• Mississippi Highway 32

Adjacent counties

• Coahoma County (north)
• Sunflower County (east)
• Washington County (south)
• Desha County, Arkansas (west)

National protected area

• Dahomey National Wildlife Refuge

Demographics

2020 census

As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 30,985 people, 12,114 households, and 7,719 families residing in the county.

2010 census

As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 34,145 people living in the county. 64.5% were Black or African American, 33.5% White, 0.6% Asian, 0.1% Native American, 0.9% of some other race and 0.6% of two or more races. 1.9% were Hispanic or Latino (of any race).

Life expectancy

According to the most recent data on U.S. life expectancy, published in 2010 by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, a male in Bolivar County could expect to live 65.0 years, the second shortest for any county in the United States, following McDowell County, West Virginia. The national average is 76.1 years for a male.

Senators Robert F. Kennedy and Joseph S. Clark, Jr. had visited "pockets of poverty" in the Mississippi Delta 40 years earlier. In Cleveland, they observed barefoot, underfed African-American children in tattered clothing, with vacant expressions and distended bellies. Kennedy stated that he thought he had seen the worst poverty in the nation in West Virginia, but it paled in comparison to the poverty he observed in Cleveland.

Education

Colleges and universities

• Delta State University (Cleveland)

The county is within the boundaries of two community college districts: Coahoma Community College and Mississippi Delta Community College. CCC's main campus is in rural Coahoma County outside of Clarksdale, and MDCC's campus is in Moorhead in Sunflower County.

Public School Districts

School districts:

• Cleveland School District (Cleveland)
• North Bolivar Consolidated School District (Mound Bayou; previously in Shelby)
• West Bolivar Consolidated School District (Rosedale, Shaw, and Benoit)

Former school districts:

• Benoit School District (Benoit)
• Mound Bayou School District (Mound Bayou)
• Shaw School District (Shaw)

The five school districts other than the Cleveland School District, were, in 2012, among the 20 smallest of the 152 school districts in the State of Mississippi. In the State of Mississippi, Bolivar County was the only county that had six school districts. Consolidation was urged to save money and facilitate cooperation. In 2012 the Mississippi Senate Education Committee passed a bill asking the State of Mississippi to consolidate the six school districts in Bolivar County to three or two. The Mississippi Senate passed the bill 37–11.

As recently as the 1960s the school board of Bolivar County censored what black children were allowed to learn, and mandated that "Neither foreign languages nor civics shall be taught in Negro schools. Nor shall American history from 1860 to 1875 be taught.”

Private School

• Bayou Academy (Cleveland)

Media

The Bolivar Commercial was distributed in Bolivar County.

Communities

Cities

• Cleveland (county seat)
• Rosedale (county seat)
• Mound Bayou
• Shaw (small portion in Sunflower County)
• Shelby

Towns

Census-designated places

• Bolivar
• Scott
• Skene
• Symonds

Unincorporated places

Ghost towns

Notable people

• Henry Townsend (musician)

See also

In Spanish: Condado de Bolivar para niños