Pakatan Harapan facts for kids

Quick facts for kids Alliance of Hope
Malay name	Pakatan Harapan ڤاكتن هارڤن
Chinese name	希望联盟 希望聯盟
Tamil name	நம்பிக்கை கூட்டணி
Abbreviation	PH
President	Wan Azizah Wan Ismail
Chairman	Anwar Ibrahim
Deputy President	Anthony Loke Siew Fook Mohamad Sabu Ewon Benedick
Founded	22 September 2015 (2015-09-22)
Legalised	16 May 2018 (2018-05-16)
Preceded by	Pakatan Rakyat
Headquarters	A-1-09 Merchant Square, Jalan Tropicana Selatan 1, 47410 Petaling Jaya (PH Secretariat and PKR) Kuala Lumpur (DAP and AMANAH) Penampang (UPKO)
Newspaper	The Rocket RoketKini Suara Keadilan Media Harapan Harapan Daily Kenyalang Tribune Borneo Update
Student wing	Pakatan Harapan Students
Youth wing	Pakatan Harapan Youth
Women's wing	Pakatan Harapan Women
Ideology	Reformism Multiracialism Progressivism Civic nationalism
Political position	Centre-left
Colours	Red      White
Dewan Negara	16 / 70
Dewan Rakyat	81 / 222
State Legislative Assemblies	141 / 611
Chief minister of states	3 / 13
Election symbol
(except DAP Sarawak) (DAP Sarawak only)
Party flag
Website
Political parties

The Alliance of Hope (Malay: Pakatan Harapan; abbrev: PH; stylised as HARAPAN) is a Malaysian political coalition consisting of centre-left political parties which was formed in 2015 to succeed the Pakatan Rakyat coalition. It has lead a grand coalition government since November 2022, having previously led a single-coalition government from May 2018 to February 2020.

It is currently the largest coalition in the Dewan Rakyat with 81 seats and is part of the state governments of seven of 13 states in the country, comprising Penang, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, Perak, Pahang, Melaka and Sabah. It also provides confidence and supply in Johor for its state government led by Barisan Nasional (BN).

The coalition consists of the Democratic Action Party (DAP), People's Justice Party (PKR), National Trust Party (AMANAH), and United Progressive Kinabalu Organisation (UPKO).

The coalition deposed the Barisan Nasional coalition government during the 2018 Malaysian general election, ending its 60-year-long reign (counted together with its predecessor, Alliance) since independence. Pakatan fell from power as a result of the 2020 Malaysian political crisis, when its chairman and then-Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad resigned from office, and his Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU) left the coalition along with 11 members of parliament from PKR.

After the 2022 Malaysian general election resulted in a hung parliament, Pakatan entered into coalition with Barisan, the Sarawak Parties' Alliance (GPS), Sabah People's Alliance (GRS), Heritage Party (WARISAN), Malaysian Nation Party (PBM), Malaysian United Democratic Alliance (MUDA), Social Democratic Harmony Party (KDM), and independents to form what is commonly referred to as a national unity government, with Pakatan chairman Anwar Ibrahim as prime minister.

History

Formation

Pakatan Harapan is a direct successor to the three-party Pakatan Rakyat coalition that consisted of the People's Justice Party, the Democratic Action Party and the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS). Disagreements and conflict between PAS and DAP mainly regarding the implementation of sharia law resulted in the predecessor coalition's break-up in June 2015, and it was replaced by a new coalition in September 2015 formed by the remnants of Pakatan Rakyat and a new PAS splinter party, the National Trust Party.

On 12 November 2016, a United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) splinter party, the Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU), founded and led by former Malaysian prime minister, Mahathir Mohamad, confirmed that the party was committed to joining Pakatan Harapan. It succeeded in forming an electoral pact with the coalition in December before finally becoming a member in March the next year.

Rise to power

The coalition's presidential council was confirmed in preparation for the coalition's registration. Mahathir was made the coalition's chairman and Wan Azizah Wan Ismail president, with then-imprisoned opposition leader and Wan Azizah's husband Anwar de facto leader. The logo was initially planned to be used by all participating candidates for the 2018 general election, but was rejected by Registrar of Societies and cited as a reason as to why the coalition could not be registered, while the Home Affairs Ministry later cited "issues" related to DAP and BERSATU after a new logo was submitted. The coalition was not registered in time for the general election and in pursuance of its plan to contest under a common logo, it was announced that the component parties would use the logo of PKR on the ballots instead, except in Sabah and Sarawak, where the local party chapters opted to use their respective logos. The coalition secured an electoral pact with the Sabah-based Sabah Heritage Party (WARISAN) before the election, with party president Shafie Apdal promising members it would be represented in the federal cabinet if the coalition came to power.

In the 2018 election held on 9 May, Pakatan Harapan managed to win a simple majority of seats in the Dewan Rakyat, dislodging Barisan as the ruling coalition and ending its 60-year long stint in government. Following the coalition's victory, the United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organisation announced their exit from Barisan and that they would seek to form a state government in Sabah with WARISAN and Pakatan Harapan.

The coalition also formed the government in the states of Kedah, Penang, Perak, Selangor, Malacca, Negeri Sembilan, Johor and Sabah. It commanded a two-thirds majority in the states of Penang, Selangor and Johor.

Two days after a court date had been set for a hearing on the issue of the coalition's non-registration lodged against the Registrar, it was announced that Pakatan's registration had been officially approved on 17 May, eight days after its victory in the election.

In a 2020 article published in the ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute journal of Southeast Asian Affairs, academic Ross Tapsell wrote of the coalition's efforts to ensure an independent trial for former prime minister Najib's corruption charges, the establishment of an independent anti-corruption commission, and the repealing of anti-fake news legislation, but also of the lack of action regarding decentralisation in relation to the Borneon states of Sabah and Sarawak, education reform, issues relating to the country's indigenous peoples (Orang Asli), racial inequality and political patronage, commenting that the Pakatan government was distracted by factional infighting.

Fall from power

Mahathir unexpectedly resigned as prime minister on 24 February 2020. His party, controlling 26 members of parliament, withdrew from the coalition in support of his decision, along with 11 members of parliament from the People's Justice Party led by Anwar's deputy, Azmin Ali. The announcement was made amid speculation that Mahathir intended to form a new governing coalition that would've excluded Anwar, fueled in part by questions raised by the latter's supporters over his status as Mahathir's designated successor, which CNN reported as part of the pair's longstanding rivalry. Despite this, Anwar believed that Mahathir was not member to any plans to exclude him from power. The political crisis sparked by Mahathir's resignation culminated in the coalition government's collapse as it no longer had a majority in parliament. Eventually, a new rival coalition led by Mahathir's deputy, Muhyiddin Yassin, consisting of BERSATU and PAS named Perikatan Nasional, formed a new government with the support of Barisan.

The coalition lost its control over the states of Johor, Malacca, Perak and Kedah while a number of PKR, DAP and AMANAH representatives in those state assemblies left their parties and expressed support for the incoming state governments led by Perikatan.

Return to power

In the 2022 Malaysian general election, Pakatan won most of its seats in the Dewan Rakyat in the states of Selangor, Johor, Penang, Perak, Melaka, and Negeri Sembilan, while losing to Perikatan Nasional candidates in the states of Kelantan, Terengganu, Kedah, and Perlis by large margins. It won the largest number of seats with 82, but fell short of the 112 needed for a simple majority. It formed a grand coalition with Barisan Nasional, two other coalitions, four parties, and independents following the Yang di-Pertuan Agong's counsel that a unity government should be formed as a result of the hung parliament. While an offer was extended to Perikatan, it chose to sit as the official opposition. This arrangement was replicated on the state-level, with Pakatan participating in the government of seven states while providing confidence and supply in Johor.

Of the four states that chose to hold state elections simultaneously, Pakatan won 24 seats in the Perak State Legislative Assembly, 1 in the Perlis State Legislative Assembly, 8 in the Pahang State Legislative Assembly, and 12 seats in the Johor State Legislative Assembly.

International relations

While the Pakatan Harapan coalition is not a member of any political internationals or confederations, some of its component parties are. The Democratic Action Party is a founding member of the Progressive Alliance. The People's Justice Party was listed as an observer member of the Liberal International but has since been de-listed after its leader Anwar Ibrahim publicly denied that the party was member to any political international.

Member parties

Flag	Name			Ideology	Position	Leader(s)	Seats contested	2022 result		Current seats	State Legislature seats
								Votes (%)	Seats	Composition
Member parties
		PKR	People's Justice Party Parti Keadilan Rakyat	Liberal democracy Social liberalism	Centre-left	Anwar Ibrahim	102	15.74%	31 / 222	31 / 81	38 / 611
		DAP	Democratic Action Party Parti Tindakan Demokratik	Social democracy Social liberalism	Centre-left	Anthony Loke Siew Fook	55	15.61%	40 / 222	40 / 81	90 / 611
		AMANAH	National Trust Party Parti Amanah Negara	Progressivism Islamic modernism	Centre-left	Mohamad Sabu	54	5.70%	8 / 222	8 / 81	12 / 611
		UPKO	United Progressive Kinabalu Organisation Pertubuhan Kinabalu Progresif Bersatu	Sabah regionalism	N/A	Ewon Benedick	5	0.47%	2 / 222	2 / 81	1 / 611

Former member party

• Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU), (2017–2020)

List of leaders

Chairmen

No.	Name (Birth–Death)	Portrait	Term of office		Time in office	Political party
1	Mahathir Mohamad (b. 1925)		14 July 2017	24 February 2020	2 years, 225 days	BERSATU
2	Anwar Ibrahim (b. 1947)		14 May 2020	Incumbent	4 years, 226 days	PKR

President

No.	Name (Birth–Death)	Portrait	Term of office		Time in office	Political party
1	Wan Azizah Wan Ismail (b. 1952)		14 July 2017	Incumbent	7 years, 165 days	PKR

Women Chiefs

Youth Chiefs

No.	Name (Birth–Death)	Portrait	Term of office		Time in office	Political party
1	Nik Nazmi Nik Ahmad (b. 1982)		31 October 2017	13 December 2018	1 year, 43 days	PKR
2	Syed Saddiq Syed Abdul Rahman (b. 1992)		13 December 2018	24 February 2020	1 year, 73 days	BERSATU
3	Shazni Munir Mohd Ithnin (1987–2021)		4 March 2021	6 August 2021	155 days	AMANAH
4	Howard Lee Chuan How (b. 1983)		12 September 2021	29 July 2022	320 days	DAP
5	Kelvin Yii Lee Wuen (b. 1986)		29 July 2022	Incumbent	2 years, 150 days	DAP

Leadership structure

Central Leadership Council

Youth Wing (Angkatan Muda Harapan)

Women's Wing (Wanita Pakatan Harapan)

Elected representatives

Dewan Negara (Senate)

Senators

Dewan Rakyat (House of Representatives)

Members of Parliament of the 15th Malaysian Parliament

Pakatan Harapan has 81 members in the House of Representatives .

State	No.	Parliament Constituency	Member	Party
Kedah	P015	Sungai Petani	Mohammed Taufiq Johari		PKR
Penang	P043	Bagan	Lim Guan Eng		DAP
	P045	Bukit Mertajam	Steven Sim Chee Keong		DAP
	P046	Batu Kawan	Chow Kon Yeow		DAP
	P047	Nibong Tebal	Fadhlina Sidek		PKR
	P048	Bukit Bendera	Syerleena Abdul Rashid		DAP
	P049	Tanjong	Lim Hui Ying		DAP
	P050	Jelutong	Sanisvara Nethaji Rayer Rajaji Rayer		DAP
	P051	Bukit Gelugor	Ramkarpal Singh		DAP
	P052	Bayan Baru	Sim Tze Tzin		PKR
	P053	Balik Pulau	Muhammad Bakhtiar Wan Chik		PKR
Perak	P060	Taiping	Wong Kah Woh		DAP
	P062	Sungai Siput	Kesavan Subramaniam		PKR
	P063	Tambun	Anwar Ibrahim		PKR
	P064	Ipoh Timor	Howard Lee Chuan How		DAP
	P065	Ipoh Barat	Kulasegaran Murugeson		DAP
	P066	Batu Gajah	Sivakumar Varatharaju Naidu		DAP
	P068	Beruas	Ngeh Koo Ham		DAP
	P070	Kampar	Chong Zhemin		DAP
	P071	Gopeng	Tan Kar Hing		PKR
	P076	Teluk Intan	Nga Kor Ming		DAP
	P077	Tanjong Malim	Chang Lih Kang		PKR
Pahang	P080	Raub	Chow Yu Hui		DAP
	P089	Bentong	Young Syefura Othman		DAP
Selangor	P096	Kuala Selangor	Dzulkefly Ahmad		AMANAH
	P097	Selayang	William Leong Jee Keen		PKR
	P098	Gombak	Amirudin Shari		PKR
	P099	Ampang	Rodziah Ismail		PKR
	P100	Pandan	Mohd Rafizi Ramli		PKR
	P101	Hulu Langat	Mohd Sany Hamzan		AMANAH
	P102	Bangi	Syahredzan Johan		DAP
	P103	Puchong	Yeo Bee Yin		DAP
	P104	Subang	Wong Chen		PKR
	P105	Petaling Jaya	Lee Chean Chung		PKR
	P106	Damansara	Gobind Singh Deo		DAP
	P107	Sungai Buloh	Ramanan Ramakrishnan		PKR
	P108	Shah Alam	Azli Yusof		AMANAH
	P110	Klang	Ganabatirau Veraman		DAP
	P111	Kota Raja	Mohamad Sabu		AMANAH
	P113	Sepang	Raj Munni Sabu		AMANAH
Kuala Lumpur	P114	Kepong	Lim Lip Eng		DAP
	P115	Batu	Prabakaran Parameswaran		PKR
	P116	Wangsa Maju	Zahir Hassan		PKR
	P117	Segambut	Hannah Yeoh Tseow Suan		DAP
	P118	Setiawangsa	Nik Nazmi Nik Ahmad		PKR
	P120	Bukit Bintang	Fong Kui Lun		DAP
	P121	Lembah Pantai	Fahmi Fadzil		PKR
	P122	Seputeh	Teresa Kok Suh Sim		DAP
	P123	Cheras	Tan Kok Wai		DAP
	P124	Bandar Tun Razak	Wan Azizah Wan Ismail		PKR
Negeri Sembilan	P128	Seremban	Anthony Loke Siew Fook		DAP
	P130	Rasah	Cha Kee Chin		DAP
	P132	Port Dickson	Aminuddin Harun		PKR
Malacca	P135	Alor Gajah	Adly Zahari		AMANAH
	P137	Hang Tuah Jaya	Adam Adli Abdul Halim		PKR
	P138	Kota Melaka	Khoo Poay Tiong		DAP
Johor	P140	Segamat	Yuneswaran Ramaraj		PKR
	P141	Sekijang	Zaliha Mustafa		PKR
	P142	Labis	Pang Hok Liong		DAP
	P144	Ledang	Syed Ibrahim Syed Noh		PKR
	P145	Bakri	Tan Hong Pin		DAP
	P149	Sri Gading	Aminolhuda Hassan		AMANAH
	P150	Batu Pahat	Onn Abu Bakar		PKR
	P152	Kluang	Wong Shu Qi		DAP
	P158	Tebrau	Jimmy Puah Wee Tse		PKR
	P159	Pasir Gudang	Hassan Abdul Karim		PKR
	P160	Johor Bahru	Akmal Nasrullah Mohd Nasir		PKR
	P161	Pulai	Suhaizan Kayat		AMANAH
	P162	Iskandar Puteri	Liew Chin Tong		DAP
	P163	Kulai	Teo Nie Ching		DAP
Sabah	P170	Tuaran	Wilfred Madius Tangau		UPKO
	P171	Sepanggar	Mustapha Sakmud		PKR
	P172	Kota Kinabalu	Chan Foong Hin		DAP
	P174	Penampang	Ewon Benedick		UPKO
	P186	Sandakan	Vivian Wong Shir Yee		DAP
Sarawak	P192	Mas Gading	Mordi Bimol		DAP
	P195	Bandar Kuching	Kelvin Yii Lee Wuen		DAP
	P196	Stampin	Chong Chieng Jen		DAP
	P211	Lanang	Alice Lau Kiong Yieng		DAP
	P212	Sibu	Oscar Ling Chai Yew		DAP
	P219	Miri	Chiew Choon Man		PKR
Total	Kedah (1), Penang (10), Perak (11), Pahang (2), Selangor (16), F.T. Kuala Lumpur (10), Negeri Sembilan (3), Malacca (3), Johor (14), Sabah (5), Sarawak (6)

Dewan Undangan Negeri (State Legislative Assembly)

State	No.	Parliamentary constituency	No.	State Constituency	Member	Party
Perlis	P002	Kangar	N08	Indera Kayangan	Gan Ay Ling		PKR
Kedah	P009	Alor Setar	N13	Kota Darul Aman	Teh Swee Leong		DAP
	P015	Sungai Petani	N28	Bakar Arang	Adam Loh Wei Chai		PKR
			N29	Sidam	Bau Wong Bau Ek		PKR
Kelantan	P021	Kota Bharu	N09	Kota Lama	Hafidzah Mustakim		AMANAH
Penang	P043	Bagan	N07	Sungai Puyu	Phee Syn Tze		DAP
			N08	Bagan Jermal	Chee Yeeh Keen		DAP
			N09	Bagan Dalam	Kumaran Krishnan		DAP
	P045	Bukit Mertajam	N13	Berapit	Heng Lee Lee		DAP
			N14	Machang Bubok	Lee Khai Loon		PKR
			N15	Padang Lalang	Daniel Gooi Zi Sen		DAP
	P046	Batu Kawan	N16	Perai	Sundarajoo Somu		DAP
			N17	Bukit Tengah	Gooi Hsiao Leung		PKR
			N18	Bukit Tambun	Goh Choon Aik		PKR
	P047	Nibong Tebal	N19	Jawi	Jason H'ng Mooi Lye		DAP
	P048	Bukit Bendera	N22	Tanjong Bunga	Zairil Khir Johari		DAP
			N23	Air Putih	Lim Guan Eng		DAP
			N24	Kebun Bunga	Lee Boon Heng		PKR
			N25	Pulau Tikus	Joshua Woo Sze Zeng		DAP
	P049	Tanjong	N26	Padang Kota	Chow Kon Yeow		DAP
			N27	Pengkalan Kota	Wong Yuee Harng		DAP
			N28	Komtar	Teh Lai Heng		DAP
	P050	Jelutong	N29	Datok Keramat	Jagdeep Singh Deo		DAP
			N30	Sungai Pinang	Lim Siew Khim		DAP
			N31	Batu Lancang	Ong Ah Teong		DAP
	P051	Bukit Gelugor	N32	Seri Delima	Connie Tan Hooi Peng		DAP
			N33	Air Itam	Joseph Ng Soon Seong		DAP
			N34	Paya Terubong	Wong Hon Wai		DAP
	P052	Bayan Baru	N35	Batu Uban	Kumaresan Aramugam		PKR
			N36	Pantai Jerejak	Fahmi Zainol		PKR
			N37	Batu Maung	Mohamad Abdul Hamid		PKR
	P053	Balik Pulau	N38	Bayan Lepas	Azrul Mahathir Aziz		AMANAH
Perak	P60	Taiping	N17	Pokok Assam	Ong Seng Guan		DAP
			N18	Aulong	Teh Kok Lim		DAP
	P062	Sungai Siput	N22	Jalong	Loh Sze Yee		DAP
	P063	Tambun	N24	Hulu Kinta	Muhamad Arafat Varisai Mahamad		PKR
	P064	Ipoh Timur	N25	Canning	Jenny Choy Tsi Jen		DAP
			N26	Tebing Tinggi	Abdul Aziz Bari		DAP
			N27	Pasir Pinji	Goh See Hua		DAP
	P065	Ipoh Barat	N28	Bercham	Ong Boon Piow		DAP
			N29	Kepayang	Nga Kor Ming		DAP
			N30	Buntong	Thulsi Thivani Manogaran		DAP
	P066	Batu Gajah	N31	Jelapang	Cheah Pou Hian		DAP
			N32	Menglembu	Chaw Kam Foon		DAP
			N33	Tronoh	Steven Tiw Tee Siang		DAP
	P068	Beruas	N37	Pantai Remis	Wong May Ing		DAP
			N38	Astaka	Jason Ng Thien Yeong		DAP
	P070	Kampar	N41	Malim Nawar	Bavani Veraiah		DAP
			N42	Keranji	Angeline Koo Haai Yen		DAP
			N43	Tualang Sekah	Mohd Azlan Helmi		PKR
	P071	Gopeng	N44	Sungai Rapat	Mohammad Nizar Jamaluddin		AMANAH
			N45	Simpang Pulai	Wong Chai Yi		PKR
			N46	Teja	Sandrea Ng Shy Ching		PKR
	P075	Bagan Datuk	N54	Hutan Melintang	Wasanthee Sinnasamy		PKR
	P076	Teluk Intan	N55	Pasir Bedamar	Woo Kah Leong		DAP
	P077	Tanjong Malim	N57	Sungkai	Sivanesan Achalingam		DAP
Pahang	P078	Cameron Highlands	N1	Tanah Rata	Ho Chi Yang		DAP
	P080	Raub	N07	Tras	Tengku Zulpuri Shah Raja Puji		DAP
	P082	Indera Mahkota	N13	Semambu	Chan Chun Kuang		PKR
	P083	Kuantan	N14	Teruntum	Sim Chon Siang		PKR
	P088	Temerloh	N30	Mentakab	Woo Chee Wan		DAP
	P089	Bentong	N33	Bilut	Lee Chin Chen		DAP
			N34	Ketari	Thomas Su Keong Siong		DAP
	P090	Bera	N38	Triang	Leong Yu Man		DAP
	—			Nominated Member	Rizal Jamin		PKR
				Nominated Member	Mohd Fadzli Mohd Ramly		AMANAH
Selangor	P093	Sungai Besar	N04	Sekinchan	Ng Suee Lim		DAP
	P094	Hulu Selangor	N06	Kuala Kubu Baharu	Pang Sock Tao		DAP
	P097	Selayang	N14	Rawang	Chua Wei Kiat		PKR
			N15	Taman Templer	Anfaal Saari		AMANAH
	P098	Gombak	N16	Sungai Tua	Amirudin Shari		PKR
	P099	Ampang	N19	Bukit Antarabangsa	Mohd Kamri Kamaruddin		PKR
			N20	Lembah Jaya	Syed Ahmad Syed Abdul Rahman Alhadad		PKR
	P100	Pandan	N21	Pandan Indah	Izham Hashim		AMANAH
			N22	Teratai	Yew Jia Haur		DAP
	P102	Bangi	N25	Kajang	David Cheong Kian Young		PKR
			N27	Balakong	Wayne Ong Chun Wei		DAP
	P103	Puchong	N28	Seri Kembangan	Wong Siew Ki		DAP
			N29	Seri Serdang	Abbas Salimi Azmi		AMANAH
	P104	Subang	N30	Kinrara	Ng Sze Han		DAP
			N31	Subang Jaya	Michelle Ng Mei Sze		DAP
	P105	Petaling Jaya	N32	Seri Setia	Mohammad Fahmi Ngah		PKR
			N34	Bukit Gasing	Rajiv Rishyakaran		DAP
	P106	Damansara	N35	Kampung Tunku	Lim Yi Wei		DAP
			N36	Bandar Utama	Jamaliah Jamaluddin		DAP
			N37	Bukit Lanjan	Pua Pei Ling		PKR
	P107	Sungai Buloh	N39	Kota Damansara	Muhammad Izuan Ahmad Kasim		PKR
	P108	Shah Alam	N40	Kota Anggerik	Najwan Halimi		PKR
			N41	Batu Tiga	Danial Al Rashid Haron Aminar Rashid		AMANAH
	P109	Kapar	N42	Meru	Mariam Abdul Rashid		AMANAH
	P110	Klang	N45	Bandar Baru Klang	Quah Perng Fei		DAP
			N46	Pelabuhan Klang	Azmizam Zaman Huri		PKR
			N47	Pandamaran	Leong Tuck Chee		DAP
	P111	Kota Raja	N48	Sentosa	Gunarajah George		PKR
			N50	Kota Kemuning	Preakas Sampunathan		DAP
	P112	Kuala Langat	N52	Banting	Papparaidu Veraman		DAP
	P113	Sepang	N54	Tanjong Sepat	Borhan Aman Shah		PKR
			N56	Sungai Pelek	Lwi Kian Keong		DAP
Negeri Sembilan	P126	Jelebu	N01	Chennah	Anthony Loke Siew Fook		DAP
			N04	Kelawang	Bakri Sawir		AMANAH
	P127	Jempol	N08	Bahau	Teo Kok Seong		DAP
	P128	Seremban	N10	Nilai	Arul Kumar Jambunathan		DAP
			N11	Lobak	Chew Seh Yong		DAP
			N12	Temiang	Ng Chin Tsai		DAP
			N13	Sikamat	Aminuddin Harun		PKR
			N14	Ampangan	Tengku Zamrah Tengku Sulaiman		PKR
	P129	Kuala Pilah	N18	Pilah	Noorzunita Begum Mohd Ibrahim		PKR
	P130	Rasah	N21	Bukit Kepayang	Nicole Tan Lee Koon		DAP
			N22	Rahang	Desmond Siau Meow Kong		DAP
			N23	Mambau	Yap Yew Weng		DAP
			N24	Seremban Jaya	Gunasekaren Palasamy		DAP
	P132	Port Dickson	N29	Chuah	Yew Boon Lye		PKR
			N30	Lukut	Choo Ken Hwa		DAP
			N33	Sri Tanjung	Rajasekaran Gunnasekaran		PKR
	P133	Tampin	N36	Repah	Veerapan Superamaniam		DAP
Malacca	P137	Hang Tuah Jaya	N16	Ayer Keroh	Kerk Chee Yee		DAP
			N17	Bukit Katil	Adly Zahari		AMANAH
	P138	Kota Melaka	N19	Kesidang	Allex Seah Shoo Chin		DAP
			N20	Kota Laksamana	Low Chee Leong		DAP
			N22	Bandar Hilir	Leng Chau Yen		DAP
Johor	P140	Segamat	N2	Jementah	Ng Kor Sim		DAP
	P144	Ledang	N10	Tangkak	Ee Chin Li		DAP
	P145	Bakri	N12	Bentayan	Ng Yak Howe		DAP
			N13	Simpang Jeram	Nazri Abdul Rahman		AMANAH
	P150	Batu Pahat	N23	Penggaram	Gan Peck Cheng		DAP
	P152	Kluang	N28	Mengkibol	Chew Chong Sin		DAP
	P159	Pasir Gudang	N42	Johor Jaya	Liow Cai Tung		DAP
	P160	Johor Bahru	N45	Stulang	Andrew Chen Kah Eng		DAP
	P161	Pulai	N46	Perling	Liew Chin Tong		DAP
	P162	Iskandar Puteri	N48	Skudai	Marina Ibrahim		DAP
	P163	Kulai	N51	Bukit Batu	Arthur Chiong Sen Sern		PKR
			N52	Senai	Wong Bor Yang		DAP
Sabah	P169	Kota Belud	N11	Kadamaian	Ewon Benedick		UPKO
	P171	Sepanggar	N18	Inanam	Peto Galim		PKR
	P172	Kota Kinabalu	N19	Likas	Tan Lee Fatt		DAP
			N20	Api-Api	Christina Liew Chin Jin		PKR
			N21	Luyang	Phoong Jin Zhe		DAP
	P174	Penampang	N25	Kapayan	Jannie Lasimbang		DAP
	P186	Sandakan	N56	Tanjong Papat	Frankie Poon		DAP
Sarawak	P195	Bandar Kuching	N09	Padungan	Chong Chieng Jen		DAP
			N10	Pending	Violet Yong Wui Wui		DAP
Total	Perlis (1), Kedah (3), Kelantan (1), Penang (27), Perak (24), Pahang (10), Selangor (32), Negeri Sembilan (17), Malacca (5), Johor (13), Sabah (7), Sarawak (2)

Pakatan Harapan state governments

State	Leader type	Member	Party		State Constituency
Negeri Sembilan	Menteri Besar	Aminuddin Harun		PKR	Sikamat
Penang	Chief Minister	Chow Kon Yeow		DAP	Padang Kota
Selangor	Menteri Besar	Amirudin Shari		PKR	Sungai Tua

Pakatan Harapan also forms the state governments of Pahang, Perak, Melaka and Johor in coalition with Barisan Nasional, and the state government of Sabah in coalition with Gabungan Rakyat Sabah, following the formation of the federal unity government (Kerajaan Perpaduan) in the aftermath of the 15th general election of November 2022.

State	Leader type	Member	Party		State Constituency
Penang	Deputy Chief Minister I	Mohamad Abdul Hamid		PKR	Batu Maung
Penang	Deputy Chief Minister II	Jagdeep Singh Deo		DAP	Datok Keramat

State	Leader type	Member	Party		State Constituency
Malacca	Deputy Speaker	Kerk Chee Yee		DAP	Ayer Keroh
Negeri Sembilan	Speaker	Mk Ibrahim Abdul Rahman		AMANAH	Non-MLA
Pahang	Deputy Speaker	Lee Chin Chen		DAP	Bilut
Penang	Speaker	Law Choo Kiang		PKR	Non-MLA
Penang	Deputy Speaker	Azrul Mahathir Aziz		AMANAH	Bayan Lepas
Perak	Deputy Speaker	Jenny Choy Tsi Jen		DAP	Canning
Selangor	Speaker	Lau Weng San		DAP	Non-MLA
Selangor	Deputy Speaker	Mohd Kamri Kamaruddin		PKR	Bukit Antarabangsa

Ministerial posts

General election results

Election	Total seats won	Seats contested	Total votes	Voting Percentage	Outcome of election	Election leader
2018	122 / 222	222	5,615,822	45.56%	53 seats; Governing coalition (2018–2020) later Opposition coalition (2020–2022)	Mahathir Mohamad
2022	82 / 222	220	5,801,327	37.46%	40 seats; Governing coalition with Barisan Nasional, Gabungan Parti Sarawak, Gabungan Rakyat Sabah and Parti Warisan	Anwar Ibrahim

State election results

See also

• Politics of Malaysia
• List of political parties in Malaysia