Rumen Radev facts for kids

Quick facts for kids Rumen Radev
Румен Радев
Official portrait, 2018
Prime Minister of Bulgaria
Designate
Assuming office TBD
President	Iliana Iotova
Succeeding	Andrey Gyurov (caretaker)
Leader of Progressive Bulgaria
Incumbent
Assumed office 2 March 2026
Preceded by	Office established
President of Bulgaria
In office 22 January 2017 – 23 January 2026
Preceded by	Rosen Plevneliev
Succeeded by	Iliana Iotova
Personal details
Born	Rumen Georgiev Radev (1963-06-18) 18 June 1963 (age 62) Dimitrovgrad, PR Bulgaria
Political party	Progressive Bulgaria (since 2026)
Spouses	Ginka ​ ​ (m. 1996; div. 2014)​ Desislava Gencheva ​ (m. 2016)​
Children	2
Education	Bulgarian Air Force University Rakovski Military Academy Air University
Military service
Allegiance	PR Bulgaria (until 1990)  Bulgaria (from 1990)
Branch/service	Bulgarian Air Force
Rank	Major general

Rumen Georgiev Radev (born on 18 June 1963) is a Bulgarian politician and a former officer in the Bulgarian Air Force. He is currently the Prime Minister-elect of Bulgaria. Before this, he served as the president of Bulgaria from 2017 until his resignation in January 2026. He was the first president in Bulgaria's modern history to resign from office.

Born in Dimitrovgrad, Radev was a high-ranking commander in the Bulgarian Air Force, reaching the rank of major general. He won the 2016 Bulgarian presidential election as an independent candidate. He was supported by the Bulgarian Socialist Party (BSP). He won a second term in the 2021 Bulgarian general election. In March 2026, after leaving the presidency, he started the Progressive Bulgaria party. This party won a majority of votes in the 2026 Bulgarian parliamentary election. This victory helped end a five-year period of political challenges in Bulgaria.

Rumen Radev's Early Life and Education

Rumen Georgiev Radev was born on 18 June 1963 in Dimitrovgrad, Bulgaria. His family comes from Slavyanovo. In 1982, he finished the Mathematical School in Haskovo with top honors. He joined a political party in the 1980s. He later left this party in 1990. This happened when a new law prevented members of the armed forces from being part of political parties. He did not join any other political parties until he founded Progressive Bulgaria in 2026.

Rumen Radev's Military Career

Radev graduated from the Georgi Benkovski Bulgarian Air Force University in 1987 as the best student. In 1992, he completed training at the United States Air Force Squadron Officer School. From 1994 to 1996, he studied at the Rakovski Defence and Staff College, where he also graduated with top honors. He earned a special degree in improving how flight crews train and how they practice air combat. In 2003, he graduated from Air War College in the U.S. with a Master's degree in Strategic Studies.

Rumen Radev's Time as President (2017–2026)

In August 2016, two opposition parties, the Bulgarian Socialist Party (BSP) and the Alternative for Bulgarian Revival (ABR), chose Radev as their candidate for the 2016 Bulgarian presidential election. He won the election in November 2016 with 59.37% of the votes.

On 1 February 2021, Radev announced he would run for a second term with Iliana Iotova as his running mate. Many parties supported him. He won the election on 21 November 2021 with 66.7% of the votes. He started his second term as president in January 2022.

Working with Prime Minister Borisov

Radev (left) and Prime Minister Boyko Borisov (right)

During his time as president, Radev often disagreed with Prime Minister Boyko Borisov. Radev believed there were problems with how the government was run. He also thought the government was trying to limit political opposition. Because of these disagreements, Radev often used his power to stop new laws proposed by Borisov's party. He used this power 19 times in his first two and a half years. Borisov, in turn, said Radev was making it harder for the government to do its job.

Disagreement on F-16 Jets

Radev with Israeli president Reuven Rivlin, 20 March 2018

In June 2019, Radev stopped a big government plan to buy 16 F-16 fighter jets from the U.S. He said the deal was too expensive. He also believed the jets were not good enough for the price. However, the parliament later voted to approve the deal anyway.

Choosing a Chief Prosecutor

In November 2019, Radev refused to approve Ivan Geshev as the Chief Public Prosecutor. Radev explained that Geshev was the only candidate for the job. He felt that this lack of choice meant the public would not trust the appointment. Even though Radev had concerns, he eventually signed the decree. He then called for changes to Bulgaria's constitution to make such appointments fairer.

Radev with U.S. president Donald Trump, Paris, 2018

Expressing Concerns about the Government

On 4 February 2020, Radev publicly stated that he no longer supported Borisov's government. He pointed out what he saw as problems in how the country was being led. He also mentioned a lack of effort to improve fairness and fight against powerful groups. Borisov responded by saying Radev was trying to take over the country.

During the COVID-19 Pandemic

When the COVID-19 pandemic in Bulgaria began, Radev and Borisov's government tried to work together. However, their disagreements soon returned. Radev stopped parts of a new law about the pandemic. He did not agree with a rule that would fine people for spreading "fake news." He also disagreed with a rule that would control prices of important goods. Borisov was upset by this, but he still agreed to remove those parts from the law.

Supporting Public Protests

In July 2020, some of Radev's advisors were questioned by authorities. This event, along with other issues, led to large public protests against Borisov's government. Radev openly supported these protests. He spoke to the nation on TV, asking for the government and chief prosecutor to resign. He said he had serious concerns about how the country was being run.

Elections and Caretaker Governments

In January 2021, Radev set the date for new elections in April. After these elections, no single party could form a government. Radev then appointed a temporary government, called a "caretaker cabinet," led by Stefan Yanev. This caretaker government's main jobs were to organize fair elections, manage vaccine supplies, and create a plan for economic recovery. Radev praised this cabinet for its work.

Running for a Second Term

On 1 February 2021, Radev announced he would seek a second term as president. He ran as an independent candidate, supported by a committee of many important political figures. His campaign focused on building a "stronger state" and continuing the message of change. He won the second round of the election on 21 November 2021 with 66% of the vote.

Relations with the Petkov Government

After the 2021 Bulgarian general election, Radev supported forming a "government of change." This led to the creation of the Petkov government, led by Kiril Petkov. Radev asked this new government to fix the political system and address concerns about powerful groups.

However, Radev soon became critical of the Petkov government. He disagreed with their approach to North Macedonia and changes to state companies. He also expressed concerns about their response to rising prices.

More Caretaker Governments

After the Petkov government lost a vote of no confidence, Radev appointed another caretaker cabinet. This one was led by Galab Donev. Radev became the first president in Bulgarian history to appoint three caretaker prime ministers during his term. He was criticized by some parties for these appointments.

Working with Different Parties

During this time, Radev often exchanged criticisms with different political parties. He disagreed with parties that supported sending weapons to Ukraine. He also faced accusations of interfering in party matters. Radev defended his actions, saying he was working for Bulgaria's best interests.

The Denkov–Gabriel Government

After new elections, Radev called for parties to work together to solve the country's political challenges. He appointed Plamen Tonchev to lead the State Agency for National Security. Radev then held meetings with political groups to discuss forming a government.

A new government, led by Nikolai Denkov and Mariya Gabriel, was proposed. However, there were disagreements and leaked information that caused controversy. Radev criticized the proposed government, saying it was formed with "deep compromises." He also expressed concerns about the intentions of the incoming government.

Changes in the Justice System

Radev commented on issues within the justice system. He supported the idea that the Chief Prosecutor, Ivan Geshev, should resign. Radev signed a law that allowed for Geshev's removal in June 2023. He then called on citizens to keep an eye on the activities of the new Chief Prosecutor.

Challenges for the Denkov Government

Radev continued to criticize the Denkov government. He disagreed with their plans for Bulgaria to join the Eurozone. He also raised concerns about proposed changes to the constitution. These changes included altering Bulgaria's national holiday. Radev believed these changes could harm democracy.

Protecting National History and Symbols

On Mount Shipka in August, Radev spoke about his concerns that some politicians were trying to "erase" Bulgarian history. He was especially worried about plans to change the national holiday from 3 March (Liberation Day) to 24 May. He said that 3 March was a "red line" for the patience of the Bulgarian people. This speech led to discussions about whether Radev would enter party politics.

Using Veto Power and Court Challenges

Radev often used his power to veto new laws. He also challenged several laws in the Constitutional Court. He did this to ensure that laws were fair and followed the constitution. For example, he challenged laws about the justice system, agricultural land, and a tax on gas pipelines. He also vetoed the transfer of 100 military vehicles to Ukraine, saying they were needed for Bulgaria's own use.

Government Changes and Resignation

In March 2024, Prime Minister Denkov resigned as part of a power-sharing agreement. Radev then began the process of forming a new government. After several attempts, no party could form a stable government. This led to new legislative elections being scheduled for June 2024.

The Glavchev Caretaker Government

Due to new constitutional rules, Radev's choices for appointing a caretaker government were limited. He had to choose from a list of 10 specific people. After meeting with potential candidates, Radev chose Dimitar Glavchev to be the caretaker prime minister.

Working with the Glavchev Cabinet

Radev asked Glavchev to form a politically neutral cabinet. However, Radev criticized some of Glavchev's choices for ministers. Glavchev later requested to change two ministers, which Radev eventually approved. Radev also expressed concerns about the government's foreign policy.

Ensuring Fair Elections

During the appointment of the Glavchev caretaker cabinet, Radev stressed the importance of fighting vote-buying and other election violations. He said that state institutions needed to do more to ensure fair elections. He voted in the October 2024 elections and emphasized the need for election integrity.

The Zhelyazkov Government

After the October 2024 elections, the 51st National Assembly of Bulgaria struggled to elect a Speaker. Eventually, Natalia Kiselova was chosen. Radev then held meetings with political parties to discuss forming a new government.

A government deal was reached, and Rosen Zhelyazkov was nominated as Prime Minister. Radev formally gave the first mandate to Zhelyazkov, who then presented his cabinet. The Zhelyazkov government was approved by the National Assembly and sworn in on 16 January 2026.

Ongoing Political Debates

Radev continued to have disagreements with the Zhelyazkov government. He approved the removal of the head of the State Agency for National Security (SANS). However, he was accused of blocking other key appointments in security and diplomatic services. Radev denied these claims. He also criticized the government's budget for 2026 and supported public protests against it.

End of Presidency and New Beginnings

Following the protests, the Zhelyazkov government resigned on 11 December 2025. All political parties agreed that new elections were needed. Radev then began the process of forming a new caretaker government.

On 19 January 2026, Radev announced his intention to resign as president. He submitted his resignation to the Constitutional Court on 20 January, and it was accepted on 23 January. Radev then left the presidential palace, promising to continue his political work in the upcoming elections.

Rumen Radev as Prime Minister-Designate

On 18 February 2026, President Iliana Iotova appointed a caretaker government led by Prime Minister Andrey Gyurov. She also set a parliamentary election for 19 April 2026. In March 2026, Radev founded Progressive Bulgaria (PB), a new political party. He described his party as a "powerful political alternative" that would bring back trust in the state and fight against powerful groups.

In the 2026 Bulgarian parliamentary election, Progressive Bulgaria won a large victory with 43.9% of the votes. This gave them a majority of seats in parliament. Because of this win, Radev is now considered the Prime Minister-designate. He is moving from the role of president to a position that is seen as having more direct power in the government.

Rumen Radev's Political Views

Radev is often described as a leader who is center-left and a populist. He is also seen as a moderate nationalist.

Views on Bulgaria's Internal Affairs

Radev ran in the 2026 elections with a focus on fighting against powerful groups and ensuring fairness. He has said that he wants to bring back Bulgarians' trust in their government. He aims to create clear rules for everyone and remove powerful, hidden influences from politics.

International Comparisons

Some international observers have compared Radev to other European leaders who are critical of certain EU policies. They have noted his views on improving ties with some countries and his concerns about EU energy policies. Radev has stated that he will take a practical approach to foreign policy.

Views on Russia and Ukraine

Radev with Russian President Vladimir Putin in Sochi, 22 May 2018

In February 2017, Radev said that European Union sanctions against Russia should end. However, he also called Russia's actions in Crimea a "violation of international law." In April 2022, Radev disagreed with sending weapons to Ukraine. He believed this could lead to Bulgaria becoming directly involved in the conflict. He has often called for peaceful solutions to the war.

In September 2022, Radev strongly criticized Russia's referendums in Ukrainian territories. He called them "unacceptable." He also opposed discussions about Ukraine joining NATO too early. In July 2023, Radev met with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky. During their meeting, Radev expressed sympathy for Ukraine but urged them to start talks with Russia to end the conflict.

Relations with Turkey

On 17 March 2017, Radev said that Turkey was interfering in Bulgaria's 2017 Bulgarian parliamentary election. He referred the matter to the European Union. However, he later met with Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. He described Turkey as an "important neighbor, partner, and ally." He also attended Erdoğan's inauguration, being the only EU head of state to do so. In December 2022, Radev visited Erdoğan and they agreed to improve border security and energy cooperation.

Relations with North Macedonia

Radev with French president Emmanuel Macron in Paris, 4 December 2017

Radev with President of the European Commission Jean-Claude Juncker in Sofia, 12 January 2018

Radev with Serbian president Aleksandar Vučić in Belgrade, 21 June 2018

Radev with North Macedonian prime minister Zoran Zaev in Brussels, 14 June 2021

Radev has been cautious about North Macedonia joining the European Union. He believes that Bulgaria should not lift its veto on North Macedonia's EU membership until Bulgarians are included in North Macedonia's constitution. He also wants the European Union to do more to prevent negative speech against Bulgarians living in North Macedonia.

Other International Views

In April 2018, Radev criticized military actions in Syria. He called for "less weapons and more dialogue." In February 2019, he disagreed with the Bulgarian government's decision to recognize an opposition leader in Venezuela. He urged both Bulgaria and the EU to remain neutral in that situation.

Radev has also been critical of countries that blocked Bulgaria from joining the Schengen Area. He called their decision "cynical." He has pushed for a clear timeline for Bulgaria's membership, saying it is important for Bulgaria's place in the European family.

Public Opinion and Approval

Radev was quite popular for most of his time as president. He was elected with about 60% of the vote in 2016. His approval ratings stayed high, reaching 67% in May 2018. Even when his popularity dropped to around 56% in late 2019, he was still one of the most liked politicians in Bulgaria.

By April 2020, his approval was about 49%. He started his second term with 58.5% approval. His popularity later went down, reaching a low of 33% in June 2023. However, his approval recovered in 2024 and 2025, averaging around 40% before he resigned in January 2026.

About Rumen Radev

Radev has two children from his first marriage to Ginka Radeva, which ended in 2014. Their names are Darina (born in 2001) and Georgi (born in 2003). He later married Desislava Gencheva in 2016. Besides Bulgarian, Radev also speaks Russian, German, and English. Radev's father passed away on 3 April 2020.

Radev is a member of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church. He supports efforts to teach religious education in Bulgarian schools. He believes that supporting the Bulgarian Orthodox Church and the spiritual well-being of its followers is a top priority for the state.

Military Service Details

Radev with U.S. Air Force General Frank Gorenc in Bulgaria

• 1987 – 1989: Junior pilot in the 15th Fighter Aviation Regiment – Ravnets
• 1989 – 1992: Unit deputy commander at the 15th Fighter Aviation Regiment – Ravnets
• 1992 – 1997: Unit commander at the 15th Fighter Aviation Regiment – Ravnets
• 1997 – 1999: MiG-29 squadron commander at the Fifth Fighter Airbase – Ravnets
• 1999 – 2000: Deputy commander for flight preparation at the Fifth Fighter Airbase – Ravnets
• 2000: Deputy commander for flight training at the Third Fighter Airbase – Graf Ignatievo
• 2000 – Study of the Air defence of the Republic of Bulgaria – NATO, Brussels
• 2000 – 2002: Chief of Staff of the Third Fighter Airbase – Graf Ignatievo
• 2002 – 2004: Chief of Staff of the Third Fighter Airbase – Graf Ignatievo
• 2004 – 2009: Commander of the Third Fighter Airbase – Graf Ignatievo
• 2009 – 2014: Bulgarian Air Force deputy commander
• 2014 – 2017: Bulgarian Air Force commander

Flight Experience

Radev in 2012

• He is a pilot of the 1st class.
• He has flown many types of training and fighter jets. These include the L-29, L-39, MiG-15UTI, MiG-17, MiG-21, and MiG-29.
• He has also had familiarization flights in F-15, F-16, F/A-18 Hornet, Eurofighter Typhoon, SAAB Gripen, and Dassault Rafale jets.
• He has flown for over 1,400 hours.
• In 2014, he organized an air show and performed special maneuvers in a MiG-29.

Ranks Held

• 1987: Lieutenant
• 1989: Senior lieutenant
• 1994: Captain
• 1997: Major
• 1999: Lieutenant colonel
• 2002: Colonel
• 2007: Brigadier general
• 2014: Major general
• 2017: General (Commander-in-Chief)

Awards and Recognition

Radev has received many medals and awards. These include the "For loyal service under the flags" – III degree, and the Honorary sign of the Ministry of Defence "Saint George" – II degree.

Honours and Decorations

National honours

Foreign honours

See also

In Spanish: Rumen Radev para niños