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Sultan of Delhi
Delhi Sultanate Flag.svg
Flag
Painting depicting the court of Muhammad bin Tughluq.jpg
Muhammad bin Tughlaq
1 February 1325 – 20 March 1351
Details
Style
First monarch Qutb ud-Din Aibak
Last monarch Ibrahim Khan Lodi
Formation 1206
Abolition 1526
(Total 320 years)
Residence
  • Lahore
    (1206–1210)
  • Badayun
    (1210–1214)
  • Delhi
    (1214–1327)
  • Daulatabad
    (1327–1334)
  • Delhi
    (1334–1506)
  • Agra
    (1506–1526)
Appointer Hereditary

The Sultan of Delhi was the main ruler of the Delhi Sultanate. This was a powerful kingdom that covered large parts of India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. It lasted for 320 years, from 1206 to 1526.

After the Ghurids conquered South Asia, five different ruling families took turns leading the Delhi Sultanate. These were the Mamluk dynasty (1206–1290), the Khalji dynasty (1290–1320), the Tughlaq dynasty (1320–1414), the Sayyid dynasty (1414–1451), and the Lodi dynasty (1451–1526). This list shows the rulers of the Delhi Sultanate in the order they ruled.

Mamluk Dynasty (1206–1290)

Further information: Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)

This was the first ruling family of the Delhi Sultanate. They were originally military slaves who rose to power.

Number Ruler's Name Born Died Start of Rule End of Rule Notes
1 Qutb-ud-din Aibak 1150 14 November 1210 25 June 1206 14 November 1210
2 Aram Shah unknown June 1211 December 1210 June 1211 Son of Aibak
3 Iltutmish unknown 30 April 1236 June 1211 30 April 1236 Son-in-law of Aibak
4 Ruknuddin Firuz (Firuz I) unknown 19 November 1236 April/May 1236 November 1236 Son of Iltutmish
5 Razia Sultana c. 1205 15 October 1240 November 1236 20 April 1240 Daughter of Iltutmish. She was a rare female ruler.
6 Muiz ud din Bahram 9 July 1212 15 May 1242 May 1240 15 May 1242 Son of Iltutmish
7 Ala-ud-Din Masud Shah unknown 10 June 1246 May 1242 10 June 1246 Son of Ruknuddin Firuz
8 Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah (Mahmud I) 1229 or 1230 18 February 1266 10 June 1246 18 February 1266 Grandson of Iltutmish
9 Ghiyas ud din Balban 1216 1287 February 1266 1287 A powerful Turkish noble.
10 Muiz ud din Qaiqabad 1269 1 February 1290 1287 1 February 1290 Grandson of Balban
11 Shamsuddin Kayumars 1285/1287 13 June 1290 1 February 1290 13 June 1290 Son of Qaiqabad

Khalji Dynasty (1290–1320)

Further information: Khalji dynasty

The Khalji dynasty took over after the Mamluks. They were known for expanding the Sultanate's control.

Number Ruler's Name Born Died Start of Rule End of Rule Notes
12 Jalal-ud-din Khalji (Firuz II) 1220 19 July 1296 13 June 1290 19 July 1296
– Ruknuddin Ibrahim unknown after 1296 July 1296 November 1296 Son of Jalal-ud-din Khalji. Ruled for a very short time.
13 Alauddin Khalji c. 1266 4 January 1316 November 1296 4 January 1316 Nephew of Jalal-ud-din Khalji. A very strong ruler.
14 Shihabuddin Omar 1310 or 1311 April 1316 5 January 1316 April 1316 Son of Alauddin Khalji.
15 Qutbuddin Mubarak Shah 1299 9 July 1320 14 April 1316 1 May 1320 Son of Alauddin Khalji.

Short Rule Outside Dynasties (1320)

For a brief period, a ruler who did not start a new dynasty held power.

Number Ruler's Name Born Died Start of Rule End of Rule Notes
16 Khusrau Khan unknown 1320 10 July 1320 5 September 1320 He ruled for a short time and did not create a new ruling family.

Tughluq Dynasty (1320–1414)

Further information: Tughluq dynasty

The Tughluq dynasty ruled for a long time and saw both great expansion and challenges.

Number Ruler's Name Born Died Start of Rule End of Rule Notes
17 Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq (Tughluq I) unknown 1 February 1325 8 September 1320 1 February 1325
18 Muhammad bin Tughluq (Muhammad II) c. 1290 20 March 1351 1 February 1325 20 March 1351 Son of Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq. Known for his big ideas.
19 Firuz Shah Tughlaq (Firuz III) 1309 20 September 1388 23 March 1351 20 September 1388 Son-in-law of Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq.
20 Tughluq Khan (Tughluq II) unknown 14 March 1389 20 September 1388 14 March 1389 Grandson of Firuz Shah Tughlaq.
21 Abu Bakr Shah unknown after 1390 15 March 1389 August 1390 Grandson of Firuz Shah Tughlaq.
22 Nasir ud din Muhammad Shah III (Muhammad III) unknown 20 January 1394 31 August 1390 20 January 1394 Son of Firuz Shah Tughlaq.
23 Ala ud-din Sikandar Shah unknown 8 March 1394 22 January 1394 8 March 1394 Son of Nasir ud din Muhammad Shah III.
24 Nasir-ud-din Mahmud Shah Tughluq unknown February 1413 March 1394 February 1413 Son of Nasir ud din Muhammad Shah III.
– Nasir-ud-din Nusrat Shah Tughluq unknown 1398 or 1399 January 1395 1398 or 1399 Brother of Tughluq Khan. He claimed the throne at the same time as Mahmud Shah.

Sayyid Dynasty (1414–1451)

Further information: Sayyid dynasty

The Sayyid dynasty followed the Tughluqs. Their rule was shorter and less powerful.

Number Ruler's Name Born Died Start of Rule End of Rule Notes
25 Khizr Khan unknown 20 May 1421 28 May 1414 20 May 1421
26 Mubarak Shah unknown 19 February 1434 21 May 1421 19 February 1434 Son of Khizr Khan.
27 Muhammad Shah (Muhammad IV) unknown January 1445 February 1434 January 1445 Grandson of Khizr Khan.
28 Alam Shah unknown July 1478 January 1445 19 April 1451 Son of Muhammad Shah.

Lodi Dynasty (1451–1526)

Further information: Lodi dynasty

The Lodi dynasty was the last ruling family of the Delhi Sultanate. Their rule ended with the arrival of the Mughal Empire.

Number Ruler's Name Born Died Start of Rule End of Rule Notes
29 Bahlul Lodi 1420 12 July 1489 19 April 1451 12 July 1489
30 Sikandar Lodi (Sikandar II) 17 July 1458 21 November 1517 17 July 1489 21 November 1517 Son of Bahlul Lodi.
31 Ibrahim Lodi 1480 21 April 1526 November 1517 21 April 1526 Son of Sikandar Lodi. He was the last Sultan of Delhi.
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