Quick facts for kids Sultan of Delhi |
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Muhammad bin Tughlaq
1 February 1325 – 20 March 1351
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| Details |
| Style |
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| First monarch |
Qutb ud-Din Aibak |
| Last monarch |
Ibrahim Khan Lodi |
| Formation |
1206 |
| Abolition |
1526
(Total 320 years) |
| Residence |
- Lahore
(1206–1210)
- Badayun
(1210–1214)
- Delhi
(1214–1327)
- Daulatabad
(1327–1334)
- Delhi
(1334–1506)
- Agra
(1506–1526)
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| Appointer |
Hereditary |
The Sultan of Delhi was the absolute monarch of the Delhi Sultanate that stretched over large parts of the subcontinent during the period of Medieval India, for 320 years (1206–1526). Following the conquest of South Asia by the Ghurids, five unrelated heterogeneous dynasties ruled over the Delhi Sultanate sequentially: the Mamluk dynasty (1206–1290), the Khalji dynasty (1290–1320), the Tughlaq dynasty (1320–1414), the Sayyid dynasty (1414–1451), and the Lodi dynasty (1451–1526). It covered large swaths of territory in modern-day India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh.
This list contains the rulers of Delhi Sultanate in chronological order.
Mamluk dynasty (1206–1290)
- Further information: Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)
| S/N |
Name of ruler |
Birth Date |
Death Date |
Beginning of reign |
End of reign |
Notes |
| 1 |
Qutb-ud-din Aibak |
1150 |
14 November 1210 |
25 June 1206 |
14 November 1210 |
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| 2 |
Aram Shah |
unknown |
June 1211 |
December 1210 |
June 1211 |
Son of Aibak |
| 3 |
Iltutmish |
unknown |
30 April 1236 |
June 1211 |
30 April 1236 |
Son-in-law of Aibak |
| 4 |
Ruknuddin Firuz (Firuz I) |
unknown |
19 November 1236 |
April/May 1236 |
November 1236 |
Son of Iltutmish |
| 5 |
Razia Sultana |
c. 1205 |
15 October 1240 |
November 1236 |
20 April 1240 |
Daughter of Iltutmish |
| 6 |
Muiz ud din Bahram |
9 July 1212 |
15 May 1242 |
May 1240 |
15 May 1242 |
Son of Iltutmish |
| 7 |
Ala-ud-Din Masud Shah |
unknown |
10 June 1246 |
May 1242 |
10 June 1246 |
Son of Ruknuddin Firuz |
| 8 |
Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah (Mahmud I) |
1229 or 1230 |
18 February 1266 |
10 June 1246 |
18 February 1266 |
Grandson of Iltutmish |
| 9 |
Ghiyas ud din Balban |
1216 |
1287 |
February 1266 |
1287 |
Turkish noble in the court of Iltutmish |
| 10 |
Muiz ud din Qaiqabad |
1269 |
1 February 1290 |
1287 |
1 February 1290 |
Grandson of Balban |
| 11 |
Shamsuddin Kayumars |
1285/1287 |
13 June 1290 |
1 February 1290 |
13 June 1290 |
Son of Qaiqabad |
Khalji/Khilji dynasty (1290–1320)
- Further information: Khalji dynasty
| S/N |
Name |
Birth date |
Death date |
Beginning of reign |
End of reign |
Notes |
| 12 |
Jalal-ud-din Khalji (Firuz II) |
1220 |
19 July 1296 |
13 June 1290 |
19 July 1296 |
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| – |
Ruknuddin Ibrahim |
unknown |
after 1296 |
July 1296 |
November 1296 |
Son of Jalal-ud-din Khalji. He ruled for a short time, not always indicating his names on the lists. |
| 13 |
Alauddin Khalji |
c. 1266 |
4 January 1316 |
November 1296 |
4 January 1316 |
Nephew of Jalal-ud-din Khalji |
| 14 |
Shihabuddin Omar |
1310 or 1311 |
April 1316 |
5 January 1316 |
April 1316 |
Son of Alauddin Khalji |
| 15 |
Qutbuddin Mubarak Shah |
1299 |
9 July 1320 |
14 April 1316 |
1 May 1320 |
Son of Alauddin Khalji |
Outside of the dynasties (1320)
| S/N |
Name |
Birth date |
Death date |
Beginning of reign |
End of reign |
Notes |
| 16 |
Khusrau Khan |
unknown |
1320 |
10 July 1320 |
5 September 1320 |
He ruled for a short time, not founding a dynasty. |
Tughluq dynasty (1320–1414)
- Further information: Tughluq dynasty
| S/N |
Name |
Birth date |
Death date |
Beginning of reign |
End of reign |
Notes |
| 17 |
Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq (Tughluq I) |
unknown |
1 February 1325 |
8 September 1320 |
1 February 1325 |
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| 18 |
Muhammad bin Tughluq (Muhammad II) |
c. 1290 |
20 March 1351 |
1 February 1325 |
20 March 1351 |
Son of Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq |
| 19 |
Firuz Shah Tughlaq (Firuz III) |
1309 |
20 September 1388 |
23 March 1351 |
20 September 1388 |
Son-in-law of Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq |
| 20 |
Tughluq Khan (Tughluq II) |
unknown |
14 March 1389 |
20 September 1388 |
14 March 1389 |
Grandson of Firuz Shah Tughlaq |
| 21 |
Abu Bakr Shah |
unknown |
after 1390 |
15 March 1389 |
August 1390 |
Grandson of Firuz Shah Tughlaq |
| 22 |
Nasir ud din Muhammad Shah III (Muhammad III) |
unknown |
20 January 1394 |
31 August 1390 |
20 January 1394 |
Son of Firuz Shah Tughlaq |
| 23 |
Ala ud-din Sikandar Shah |
unknown |
8 March 1394 |
22 January 1394 |
8 March 1394 |
Son of Nasir ud din Muhammad Shah III |
| 24 |
Nasir-ud-din Mahmud Shah Tughluq |
unknown |
February 1413 |
March 1394 |
February 1413 |
Son of Nasir ud din Muhammad Shah III |
| – |
Nasir-ud-din Nusrat Shah Tughluq |
unknown |
1398 or 1399 |
January 1395 |
1398 or 1399 |
Brother of Tughluq Khan. Mahmud Shah's anti-king, claimant to the throne, sub-ruler. |
Sayyid dynasty (1414–1451)
- Further information: Sayyid dynasty
| S/N |
Name |
Birth date |
Death date |
Beginning of reign |
End of reign |
Notes |
| 25 |
Khizr Khan |
unknown |
20 May 1421 |
28 May 1414 |
20 May 1421 |
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| 26 |
Mubarak Shah |
unknown |
19 February 1434 |
21 May 1421 |
19 February 1434 |
Son of Khizr Khan |
| 27 |
Muhammad Shah (Muhammad IV) |
unknown |
January 1445 |
February 1434 |
January 1445 |
Grandson of Khizr Khan |
| 28 |
Alam Shah |
unknown |
July 1478 |
January 1445 |
19 April 1451 |
Son of Muhammad Shah |
Lodi dynasty (1451–1526)
- Further information: Lodi dynasty
| S/N |
Name |
Birth date |
Death date |
Beginning of reign |
End of reign |
Notes |
| 29 |
Bahlul Lodi |
1420 |
12 July 1489 |
19 April 1451 |
12 July 1489 |
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| 30 |
Sikandar Lodi (Sikandar II) |
17 July 1458 |
21 November 1517 |
17 July 1489 |
21 November 1517 |
Son of Bahlul Lodi |
| 31 |
Ibrahim Lodi |
1480 |
21 April 1526 |
November 1517 |
21 April 1526 |
Son of Sikandar Lodi |
Family trees
Mamluk dynasty (1206-1290)
Khalji/Khilji dynasty (1290-1320)
Tughluq dynasty (1320-1414)
| Tughluq dynasty |
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Ghiyath al-Din
Tughluq I
(17)
r. 1320-1325 |
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Malik Rajab |
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Muhammad
bin Tughluq
(18)
r. 1325-1351 |
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Firuz Shah
Tughlaq
(19)
r. 1351-1388 |
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Fateh Khan |
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Zafar Khan |
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Nasir ud-Din
Muhammad
(22)
r. 1390-1394 |
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Ghiyath ud-Din
Tughluq II
(20)
r. 1388-1389 |
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Abu Bakr
Shah
(21)
r. 1389-1390 |
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Ala ud-Din
Sikandar
(23)
r. 1394 |
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Nasir ud-Din
Mahmud
(24)
r. 1394-1414 |
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Sayyid dynasty (1414-1451)
Lodi dynasty (1451-1526)
Other literature
- Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.
