Swisher County, Texas Facts for Kids

Quick facts for kids Swisher County
U.S. county
The Swisher County Courthouse in Tulia
Location within the U.S. state of Texas
Texas's location within the U.S.
Country	United States
State	Texas
Founded	1890
Named for	James G. Swisher
Seat	Tulia
Largest city	Tulia
Area
• Total	901 sq mi (2,330 km²)
• Land	890 sq mi (2,300 km²)
• Water	11 sq mi (30 km²) 1.2%
Population (2020)
• Total	6,971
• Density	7.737/sq mi (2.9873/km²)
Time zone	UTC−6 (Central)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−5 (CDT)
Congressional district	13th

Swisher County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 6,971. Its county seat is Tulia. The county was created in 1876 and later organized in 1890. It is named for James G. Swisher, a soldier of the Texas Revolution and signer of the Texas Declaration of Independence.

At one time, the large JA Ranch, founded by Charles Goodnight and John George Adair, and later owned by Goodnight and Cornelia Adair, reached into six counties, including Swisher.

History
Geography
- Major highways
- Adjacent counties
Demographics
- 2020 census
Communities
Education
See also

History

Native Americans

Apachean cultures roamed the county until Comanche dominated around 1700. The Comanches were defeated by the United States Army in the Red River War of 1874. No significant combat occurred in the county. After the 1874 battle of Palo Duro Canyon, Ranald S. Mackenzie ordered 1450 Indian horses shot. The Buffalo Hunters' War of 1876 was an attempt by the Comanches to drive out the white man and stop depletion of their hunting grounds.

County established and growth

In 1876 the Texas state legislature carved Swisher County from Young and Bexar districts. The county was organized in 1880, and Tulia, became the county seat.

The area was by and large unsettled until the JA Ranch of Charles Goodnight came in 1883, which added the Tule Ranch.

Although settlers gradually arrived, the county was dominated by ranching the remainder of the 19th Century. Good underground water at shallow depths gave to windmills that facilitated the stock-farmer.

In 1906, the Santa Fe Railroad branch line from Amarillo came through the county and later connected the county with Hale County, and with Lubbock by 1910, giving Swisher a major north-south rail line and boosting the economy.

The Great Depression had a devastating effect on the county’s economy, somewhat relieved by road work. The stimulus of World War II demand and, particularly, the development of large-scale irrigation in the area, led to the revival of the county's economy.

The first successful extensive local use of underground water from the Ogallala Aquifer came in 1936. After World War II this activity increased dramatically; by the 1980s over 225,000 acres (910 km²) in Swisher County were irrigated.

In 2002 the county had 578 farms and ranches covering 566,429 acres (2,292.26 km²), 69 percent of which were devoted to crops and 30 percent to pasture.

The Ozark Trail

Rural Texas in the early 20th Century was often connected by unpaved routes, often of caliche or other rock and dirt paths. Swisher’s road structure fell into this category. In 1920 the Ozark Trail served as a predecessor to today’s intra-continental highway structure. The Ozark Trail was a highway network maintained by local entities or private citizens from Arkansas and Missouri through Kansas, Oklahoma, Louisiana, and Texas, to New Mexico. In Texas the trail was made of graded and upgraded roads. Collingsworth, Childress, Hall, Briscoe, Swisher, Castro, and Parmer counties along with Curry and Roosevelt counties in New Mexico raised $10,000 in 1920 to erect markers along already existing roads to mark the Ozark Trail from Oklahoma across Texas to New Mexico. By the mid-1920s Tulia was linked to Nazareth, Dimmitt, and Bovina by State Highway 86, to Canyon and Amarillo by U.S. Highway 385 (now U.S. 87 or Interstate Highway 27), to Silverton by State Highway 80, and to Plainview and Lubbock by U.S. 385.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 901 square miles (2,330 km²), of which 890 square miles (2,300 km²) is land and 11 square miles (28 km²) (1.2%) is water.

Major highways

Interstate 27
U.S. Highway 87
State Highway 86

Adjacent counties

Randall County (north)
Armstrong County (northeast)
Briscoe County (east)
Floyd County (southeast)
Hale County (south)
Castro County (west)

Demographics

Historical population
Census	Pop.	%±
1880	4	—
1890	100	2,400.0%
1900	1,227	1,127.0%
1910	4,012	227.0%
1920	4,388	9.4%
1930	7,343	67.3%
1940	6,528	−11.1%
1950	8,249	26.4%
1960	10,607	28.6%
1970	10,373	−2.2%
1980	9,723	−6.3%
1990	8,133	−16.4%
2000	8,378	3.0%
2010	7,854	−6.3%
2020	6,971	−11.2%
U.S. Decennial Census 1850–2010 2010 2020

2020 census

**Swisher County, Texas - Demographic Profile**
(*NH = Non-Hispanic*)
Race / Ethnicity	Pop 2010	Pop 2020	% 2010	% 2020
White alone (NH)	4,025	3,219	51.25%	46.18%
Black or African American alone (NH)	552	407	7.03%	5.84%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH)	37	18	0.47%	0.26%
Asian alone (NH)	5	10	0.06%	0.14%
Pacific Islander alone (NH)	4	0	0.05%	0.00%
Some Other Race alone (NH)	6	8	0.08%	0.11%
Mixed Race/Multi-Racial (NH)	76	162	0.97%	2.32%
Hispanic or Latino (any race)	3,149	3,147	40.09%	45.14%
Total	7,854	6,971	100.00%	100.00%

Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.