Abdul Razak Hussein facts for kids
Quick facts for kids
Yang Amat Berbahagia Tun Haji
Abdul Razak Hussein
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| عبد الرزاق حسين | |
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Portrait, pre-1963.
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| 2nd Prime Minister of Malaysia | |
| Honoured as Father of Development Bapa Pembangunan باڤ ڤمباڠونن |
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| In office 22 September 1970 – 14 January 1976 |
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| Monarch |
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| Deputy |
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| Preceded by | Tunku Abdul Rahman |
| Succeeded by | Hussein Onn |
| 1st Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia | |
| In office 31 August 1957 – 22 September 1970 |
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| Monarch | |
| Prime Minister | Tunku Abdul Rahman |
| Preceded by | Office established |
| Succeeded by | Ismail Abdul Rahman |
| Minister of Defence | |
| In office 1974–1976 |
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| Monarch |
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| Prime Minister | Himself |
| Preceded by | Mustapha Harun |
| Succeeded by | Hussein Onn |
| In office 31 August 1957 – 22 September 1970 |
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| Monarch | |
| Prime Minister | Tunku Abdul Rahman |
| Preceded by | Office established |
| Succeeded by | Hamzah Abu Samah |
| Minister of Finance | |
| In office 1974–1974 |
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| Monarch | |
| Prime Minister | Himself |
| Preceded by | Tan Siew Sin |
| Succeeded by | Hussein Onn |
| In office 1969–1970 |
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| Monarch | |
| Prime Minister | Tunku Abdul Rahman |
| Preceded by | Tan Siew Sin |
| Succeeded by | Tan Siew Sin |
| Minister of Foreign Affairs | |
| In office 23 September 1970 – 12 August 1975 |
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| Monarch | Abdul Halim |
| Prime Minister | Himself |
| Preceded by | Tunku Abdul Rahman |
| Succeeded by | Tengku Ahmad Rithauddeen Tengku Ismail |
| Minister of National and Rural Development | |
| In office 31 August 1957 – 22 September 1970 |
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| Monarch | |
| Prime Minister | Tunku Abdul Rahman |
| Preceded by | Office established |
| Succeeded by | Abdul Ghafar Baba |
| Minister of Home Affairs | |
| In office 1 June 1967 – 20 May 1969 |
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| Monarch | Ismail Nasiruddin |
| Prime Minister | Tunku Abdul Rahman |
| Preceded by | Ismail Abdul Rahman |
| Succeeded by | Ismail Abdul Rahman |
| Minister of Education | |
| In office 1955–1957 |
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| Monarch | Elizabeth II |
| High Commissioner | Donald MacGillivray |
| Preceded by | Office established |
| Succeeded by | Khir Johari |
| 3rd Menteri Besar of Pahang | |
| In office 1 February 1955 – 15 June 1955 |
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| Monarch | Abu Bakar |
| Preceded by | Tengku Mohamad Sultan Ahmad |
| Succeeded by | Tengku Mohamad Sultan Ahmad |
| 3rd President of the United Malays National Organisation | |
| In office 25 June 1972 – 14 January 1976 |
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| Preceded by | Tunku Abdul Rahman |
| Succeeded by | Hussein Onn |
| 2nd Youth Chief of the United Malays National Organisation | |
| In office 1951–1951 |
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| President | Onn Jaafar |
| Preceded by | Hussein Onn |
| Succeeded by | Sardon Jubir |
| Member of the Malaysian Parliament for Pekan (Parliament suspended 13 May 1969 – 20 February 1971) |
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| In office 11 September 1959 – 14 January 1976 |
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| Preceded by | Constituency established |
| Succeeded by | Najib Razak |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
Abdul Razak bin Hussein
11 March 1922 Pekan, Pahang, Federated Malay States, British Malaya (now Malaysia) |
| Died | 14 January 1976 (aged 53) London, England, United Kingdom |
| Resting place | Makam Pahlawan, Masjid Negara, Kuala Lumpur |
| Citizenship | Malaysian |
| Political party | United Malays National Organisation |
| Other political affiliations |
Labour Party (UK) (1947–1950) Alliance Party (1955–1973) Barisan Nasional (1973–1976) |
| Spouse | |
| Children | 5 (including Najib and Nazir) |
| Education | Malay College Kuala Kangsar |
| Alma mater | Raffles College (unfinished) Lincoln's Inn (LLB) |
| Profession | Lawyer |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  Pahang |
| Branch/service | Askar Wataniah Pahang |
| Years of service | 1941–1945 |
| Rank | Captain |
| Unit | Force 136 |
| Battles/wars | World War II |
Tun Haji Abdul Razak bin Dato' Hussein (Jawi: عبد الرزاق بن حسين; 11 March 1922 – 14 January 1976) was a Malaysian lawyer and politician. He served as the second Prime Minister of Malaysia from September 1970 until his death in January 1976. He was also the first Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia from August 1957 to September 1970.
Tun Abdul Razak is known as the "Father of Development" (Bapa Pembangunan). He created Barisan Nasional (BN), a major political group in Malaysia. He also started the Malaysian New Economic Policy (MNEP). This policy aimed to help all Malaysians, especially by reducing poverty.
His oldest son, Najib Razak, later became the sixth Prime Minister in 2009. This made Najib the first Prime Minister to be the child of a former Prime Minister.
Contents
Early Life and Education
Abdul Razak was born on 11 March 1922, in Kampung Pulau Keladi, a village in Pekan, Pahang. He was the first of two children. He came from an important family and studied at the Malay College Kuala Kangsar.
In 1939, he joined the Malay Administrative Service. He then received a scholarship to study at Raffles College in Singapore in 1940. However, his studies stopped when World War II began.
After the war, Abdul Razak went to Britain in 1947 to study law. In 1950, he became a lawyer at Lincoln's Inn in London. While studying in England, he was a member of the British Labour Party. He was also a key student leader of the Malay Association of Great Britain. He helped create the Malayan Forum, a group for students.
World War II Involvement
When his studies were interrupted in 1942, Abdul Razak returned to Kuantan, Pahang. He joined the Askar Wataniah Pahang, a local resistance group. This group fought against the Japanese forces during World War II.
Abdul Razak was asked to work as an agent within the Japanese Malayan Civil Service. He used his position to gather information for the resistance. This role was kept secret from most of the Wataniah Pahang members.
Later, the Askar Wataniah Pahang joined Force 136, a special British group. Abdul Razak continued his work with Force 136 and was promoted to captain. He was involved in important missions, including rescuing Sultan Abu Bakar of Pahang.
Political Career
When Tun Razak returned from the United Kingdom in 1950, he joined the Malayan Civil Service. He quickly showed his political skills. He became the youth leader for the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO).
In February 1955, at 33 years old, he became Pahang's Chief Minister. He won a seat in Malaya's first general elections in July 1955. He was then made the Education Minister. He played a big part in creating the Razak Report. This report became the foundation for Malaysia's education system.
Tun Razak was also a key person in the mission to London in February 1956. This mission aimed to gain independence for Malaya from the British. After the 1959 elections, he became the Minister of Rural Development. He also held the roles of Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Defence from 1957. He created the "Red Book," a plan for development.
Bringing in New Leaders
After Singapore separated from Malaysia in 1965, Tun Razak saw that UMNO needed more young leaders. He wanted young Malay leaders who were strong in their culture and faith. These leaders needed to be able to speak well in both Malay and English.
Tun Razak believed that power in Malaysia came from the Malay community. He wanted the best and most capable Malays to lead the nation. He felt that family background or wealth were less important than ability and commitment. Because of this, young leaders like Mahathir Mohamad were given important roles.
In 1967, he received the Ramon Magsaysay Award for his community leadership.
Prime Ministership
After the 13 May Incident in 1969, Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra faced criticism. This led to his resignation as prime minister. Tun Abdul Razak then took over. He declared a State of Emergency and led the country until 1970. In September 1970, Tun Abdul Razak became the second Prime Minister of Malaysia.
On 1 January 1973, Tun Razak formed the Barisan Nasional (National Front). This new group replaced the old Alliance Party. He brought more parties into this group to create "Ketahanan Nasional" (National Strength). This aimed to bring political stability to the country.
Tun Razak is also famous for starting the Malaysian New Economic Policy (MNEP) in 1971. He and other leaders saw that there were big economic and social differences between races. These differences caused problems and violence. The MNEP had two main goals:
- To reduce and eventually end poverty for everyone.
- To reduce and eventually end the idea that certain jobs or wealth belonged to certain races.
Death
Abdul Razak had been diagnosed with leukemia but kept it a secret since 1969. He died in office on 14 January 1976 while getting medical treatment in London. After his death, he was given the special title Bapa Pembangunan (Father of Development). He was buried at the Heroes Mausoleum near Masjid Negara in Kuala Lumpur.
Awards and Recognitions
Tun Abdul Razak received many awards and honors for his service.
- He was given the title Tun in 1959, which is a very high honor in Malaysia.
- In 1976, he received the Order of the Crown of the Realm (DMN).
- He was honored as the Father of Development (Bapa Pembangunan).
- He also received honors from various states in Malaysia, such as Pahang, Kelantan, Kedah, and Selangor.
- From other countries, he received the Order of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem from the United Kingdom in 1967.
- In 1972, he was made an Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George (GCMG) by the United Kingdom.
Things Named After Him
Many places and things are named after Tun Abdul Razak to honor his contributions:
- Tun Razak Highway (a major road connecting Segamat to Gambang)
- Jalan Tun Razak in Kuala Lumpur
- Bandar Tun Razak in Kuala Lumpur (a township)
- Bandar Tun Razak, Jengka in Pahang
- Komtar Tower in George Town, Penang
- SK Tun Abdul Razak, a primary school in Kuala Kubu Bharu, Selangor
- Tun Abdul Razak National Secondary School, a secondary school in Kuching, Sarawak
- Tun Abdul Razak Stadium in Bandar Tun Razak, Jengka, Pahang
- Tun Razak Hockey Stadium in Kuala Lumpur
- Tun Abdul Razak Research Centre in England
- KD Tun Abdul Razak, a submarine of the Royal Malaysian Navy
- Tun Abdul Razak Chancellor Hall (DECTAR) at the National University of Malaysia (UKM)
- Tun Abdul Razak Library (PTAR) at MARA University of Technology (UiTM)
- Universiti Tun Abdul Razak (UNIRAZAK), a private university in Kuala Lumpur
- Sekolah Dato' Abdul Razak (SDAR), an all-boys boarding school
- Tun Razak Exchange, a financial district in Kuala Lumpur
Images for kids
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Tun Abdul Razak Memorial in Kuala Lumpur.
See also
In Spanish: Abdul Razak Hussein para niños
