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Etruscan civilization facts for kids

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Etruscan civilization map
Map showing the Etruscan civilization
Perugia, Museo archeologico Nazionale dell'Umbria, cippo di Perugia
Cippus Perusinus. 3rd-2nd century BC, the tablet has 46 lines of Etruscan text
Etruskischer Meister 001
Fresco of an Etruscan musician with a stringed instrument, Tomb of the Triclinium, Tarquinia
Etruscan riders BM 3-2
Etruscan riders, silver panel 540/520BC, from Castel San Marino, near Perugia

The Etruscan civilization lasted from about 900 BC to 27 BC and was a culture in ancient Italy. The Romans called the people Etrusci or Tusci. The Ancient Greeks called them Tyrrhenoi or Tyrrsenoi. The Etruscans called themselves Rasenna.

The Etruscan civilization began in pre-history. When it was most powerful, it had three confederacies (like modern states): Etruria, Latinum and the Po Valley and Campania. The Etruscans ruled Rome until 396 BC.

Language

Not much is known about the Etruscan language. Not much of its writing survives. Most what survives is from engravings on tombstones. The Etruscans used an alphabet similar to those in Phoenicia and Greece.

The language is related to the Tyrrhenian language family and is not clearly related to other languages. Some Etruscan letters were used by the Romans in the Latin alphabet, which many languages use such as English. Some Romans, such as Cicero, were fluent readers of Etruscan, but few of thire writings survive.

The lack of texts makes knowledge of their society and culture depend on much later Roman sources. Politics was based on the small city and probably the family unit. In their heyday, the Etruscan elite became rich by trade with the Celtic world to the north and the Greeks to the south, and filled their large family tombs with imported luxuries. Ancient Greece had a huge influence on their art and architecture, and Greek mythology was evidently very familiar to them.

Etruscan, the third great ancient language of culture in Italy, does not survive in any great literary works, unlike Greek and Latin. An Etruscan religious literature existed, and evidence suggests that there was a body of historical literature and drama as well. For example, the name of a playwright, Volnius, of obscure date, is known who wrote "Tuscan tragedies". Although there is no evidence of notation, it is possible that Etruscan music was in a written form.

History

The Etruscans mined metals like copper and iron. They became rich and powerful and travelled around the Mediterranean Sea. The Etruscans began to lose power in the 5th century BC. The Romans began conquering parts of Etruscan land. By the beginning of the 1st century BC, the Etruscans had been entirely defeated.

Art

Etruscan art included wall paintings, metalwork and sculpture in terracotta. Sculpture in cast bronze was famous and widely exported, but few large examples have survived because bronze was valuable and so was often recycled.

Etruscan pendant with swastika symbols Bolsena Italy 700 BCE to 650 BCE
Etruscan pendant with swastika symbols from Bolsena, Italy, 700-650 BC. Louvre.



Images for kids

See also

Kids robot.svg In Spanish: Etruscos para niños

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