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Grand Inquisitor
Inquisición española.svg
Appointer Monarch
Inaugural holder Tomás de Torquemada
Formation 1483
Final holder Jerónimo Castillón y Salas
Abolished 1820

The Grand Inquisitor (from the Latin Inquisitor Generalis, meaning General Inquisitor) was the most important leader of the Inquisition. The Inquisition was a special system of church courts. These courts were set up by the Catholic Church to deal with people accused of not following its rules or beliefs.

The title "Grand Inquisitor" most often refers to the chief leader of the Spanish Inquisition. This was a very powerful court in Spain. There was also a Grand Inquisitor in Portugal. This person was chosen by the king, but approved by the Pope.

The most famous Grand Inquisitor was Tomás de Torquemada. He was a Spanish monk from the Dominican Order. He played a key role in starting the Spanish Inquisition.

Leaders of the Spanish Inquisition

The Grand Inquisitor was the head of the Spanish Inquisition. This person was appointed by the King of Spain. They oversaw all the activities of the Inquisition throughout the country.

Early Grand Inquisitors

Torquemada
Tomás de Torquemada, Grand Inquisitor of Spain (1483–1498)
Diego Deza
Diego de Deza, Grand Inquisitor of Spain (1498–1507)

Here are some of the first Grand Inquisitors of Spain:

From To Grand Inquisitor Other important jobs
1483 1498 Tomás de Torquemada Leader of the Dominican Convent of Santa Cruz in Segovia
1499 1506 Diego de Deza Tavera Archbishop of Seville
1506 1507 Diego Ramírez de Guzmán Bishop of Catania, Bishop of Lugo

Separation of Courts in Castile and Aragon

For a short time, the Inquisition was split into two parts. One part was for the region of Castile, and the other for Aragon.

Grand Inquisitors of Castile

Hadrian VI
Adrian of Utrecht, Grand Inquisitor of Spain (1518–1522)
From To Grand Inquisitor Other important jobs
1507 1517 Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros Cardinal, Archbishop of Toledo

Grand Inquisitors of Aragon

Cardenal Tavera
Juan Pardo de Tavera, Grand Inquisitor of Spain (1539–1545)
Cardinal Fernando Niño de Guevara (1541–1609) MET DT854
Fernando Niño de Guevara, Grand Inquisitor of Spain (1600–1602)
El cardenal Francisco Antonio de Lorenzana (Museo del Prado)
Francisco Antonio de Lorenzana, Grand Inquisitor of Spain (1794–1797)
From To Grand Inquisitor Other important jobs
1507 1513 Juan Enguera Bishop of Vich, Bishop of Lleida, Bishop of Tortosa
1513 1516 Luis Mercader Escolano Bishop of Tortosa
1516 1517 Adrian of Utrecht Cardinal priest, Bishop of Tortosa

Reunification of the Inquisition

After 1517, the Inquisition was brought back together under one Grand Inquisitor. This continued until the office was abolished in 1820.

From To Grand Inquisitor Other important jobs
1518 1522 Adrian of Utrecht Cardinal priest, Bishop of Tortosa
1523 1538 Alonso Manrique de Lara Bishop of Badajoz, Archbishop of Seville, Cardinal
1539 1545 Juan Pardo de Tavera Archbishop of Toledo
1546 1546 García de Loaysa Archbishop of Seville
1547 1566 Fernando de Valdés y Salas Archbishop of Seville
1566 1572 Diego de Espinosa Bishop of Sigüenza, Bishop of Cuenca
1572 1572 Pedro Ponce de León Bishop of Ciudad Rodrigo, Bishop of Plasencia
1573 1594 Gaspar de Quiroga y Vela Archbishop of Toledo
1595 1595 Jerónimo Manrique de Lara Bishop of Cartagena, Bishop of Ávila
1596 1599 Pedro de Portocarrero Bishop of Calahorra, Bishop of Cuenca
1599 1602 Fernando Niño de Guevara Archbishop of Seville
1602 1602 Juan de Zúñiga Flores Bishop of Cartagena
1603 1608 Juan Bautista de Acevedo Bishop of Valladolid, Patriarch of the Indias
1608 1618 Bernardo de Sandoval y Rojas Archbishop of Toledo
1619 1621 Luis de Aliaga Martínez
1622 1626 Andrés Pacheco Bishop of Cuenca, Patriarch of the Indias
1627 1632 Antonio de Zapata Cisneros Archbishop of Burgos
1632 1643 Antonio de Sotomayor Prior of Santo Domingo
1643 1665 Diego de Arce y Reinoso Bishop of Tuy, Bishop of Avila, Bishop of Palencia
1665 1665 Pascual de Aragón Archbishop of Toledo
1666 1669 Juan Everardo Nithard
1669 1695 Diego Sarmiento de Valladares Bishop of Oviedo, Bishop of Plasencia
1695 1699 Juan Tomás de Rocaberti Prior of Santo Domingo, Archbishop of Valencia
1699 1699 Alonso Fernández de Córdoba y Aguilar Appointed Grand Inquisitor, but died before he could start.
1699 1705 Baltasar de Mendoza y Sandoval Bishop of Segovia
1705 1709 Vidal Marín del Campo Archbishop of Burgos
1709 1710 Antonio Ibáñez de Riva Herrera Archbishop of Zaragoza, Archbishop of Toledo
1711 1716 Francesco del Giudice Archbishop of Monreale
1715 1715 Felipe Antonio Gil de Taboada Chosen as Grand Inquisitor but did not serve.
1717 1717 José de Molines Announced in Rome, but held by Austrians and died without serving.
1718 1718 Felipe de Arcemendi Died without serving.
1720 1720 Diego de Astorga y Céspedes Archbishop of Toledo
1720 1733 Juan de Camargo y Angulo Bishop of Pamplona
1733 1740 Andrés de Orbe y Larreategui Archbishop of Valencia
1742 1746 Manuel Isidro Orozco Manrique de Lara Archbishop of Santiago
1746 1755 Francisco Pérez de Prado Bishop of Teruel
1755 1774 Manuel Quintano Bonifaz Titular Archbishop of Farsala
1775 1783 Felipe Beltrán Serrano Bishop of Salamanca
1784 1793 Agustín Rubin de Ceballos Bishop of Jaén
1793 1794 Manuel Abad y Lasierra Titular Archbishop of Selymbria
1794 1797 Francisco Antonio Lorenzana y Butrón Archbishop of Toledo
1797 1808 Ramón José de Arce y Rebollar Archbishop of Burgos
1808 1814 Abolition of the Inquisition
1814 1818 Francisco Javier Mier Campillo Bishop of Almería
1818 1818 Cristóbal Bencomo y Rodríguez Titular Archbishop of Heraclea (position rejected by himself)
1818 1820 Gerónimo Castillón y Salas Bishop of Tarazona

Leaders of the Portuguese Inquisition

The Portuguese Inquisition also had its own Grand Inquisitor. This leader was chosen by the King of Portugal, but then approved by the Pope.

See also

Kids robot.svg In Spanish: Inquisidor general para niños

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