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Australian marine parks facts for kids

Kids Encyclopedia Facts
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</mapframe>
Map showing Australian marine parks, colour-coded by network group. Darker areas highlight Sanctuary or National Park zones ('no take' zones).

Australian marine parks are special ocean areas in Australia that the Australian government protects. Think of them like national parks, but for the ocean! These parks usually stretch from about 5.5 kilometres (3 nautical miles) off the coast, all the way out to 370 kilometres (200 nautical miles). Areas closer to the shore are managed by the individual states or the Northern Territory.

How Australian Marine Parks Started

The idea of protecting Australia's oceans began a while ago.

Early Steps in Ocean Protection

Back in 1998, a government led by John Howard created Australia's first big plan for the oceans. This plan led to the creation of the Great Australian Bight Marine Park. It also greatly improved the protection of the famous Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Later, in 2007, many large marine parks were set up in Australia's south-east. These are now known as the South-east Marine Parks Network.

Big Plans in 2012

Map of Australia's network of Commonwealth marine reserves
A map showing the marine reserves planned in 2012.

In 2012, the Australian government, then led by Kevin Rudd, announced a huge plan. They wanted to create the world's largest network of marine reserves! This meant increasing the number of protected areas from 27 to 60. These new parks would cover a massive 3.1 million square kilometres of ocean, including the entire Coral Sea.

However, not everyone was happy with these plans. Commercial and recreational fishers thought the rules were too strict. On the other hand, environmental groups felt that the plans didn't protect enough areas where oil and gas might be found. They also pointed out that only a small part of the total area would be completely closed to fishing.

Changes and Reviews

Before the 2013 Australian federal election, the new government, led by Tony Abbott, promised to review the marine park expansion. After they won the election, the new reserves announced in 2012 were put on hold. This meant their protection rules didn't start as planned in 2014. For a while, these reserves were like "paper parks" – they existed on paper but didn't have strong protection.

A big review of these 40 marine reserves started in September 2014. This included parks in the South-west, North-west, North, Temperate East, and Coral Sea regions.

The review's results came out in September 2016. They suggested changing the rules for 26 of the 40 reserves. The goal was to reduce the impact on commercial fishing while still protecting the ocean. Later, new plans showed even fewer "no-take" zones (areas where fishing is completely banned). For example, six of the largest marine parks had their fully protected areas reduced by a lot.

Finally, new management plans for all 40 marine parks began on July 1, 2018. This brought all these ocean areas under protection.

Why Were the Parks Renamed?

In 2017, while the new plans were being discussed, people were asked for their ideas. One suggestion was to change the name of the "Commonwealth marine reserves." So, on October 11, 2017, the 58 protected areas managed by Parks Australia were officially renamed "Marine Parks."

Understanding Protection Zones

Each Australian marine park has different protection zones. Think of these zones as different levels of protection, like different rules for different parts of a park. Each zone has an IUCN protected area category (IUCN stands for International Union for Conservation of Nature). These categories help decide what activities are allowed to protect marine life and habitats.

Here's a simple look at the rules for different zones in Australian marine parks:

Zone IUCN Activities permitted
Vessel transiting Recreational fishing Commercial fishing Commercial aquaculture Commercial tourism Mining
Sanctuary Zone Ia No No No No aviation only, with approval No
National Park II Yes No No No excludes fishing, with approval No
Recreational Use II Yes Yes No No excludes fishing, with approval No
Habitat Protection IV Yes Yes most, with approval with approval with approval No
Multiple Use VI Yes Yes most, with approval with approval with approval with approval
Special Purpose VI Yes Yes most, with approval with approval with approval with approval
Note: This is a quick summary of zones and what you can do in them.

List of Australian Marine Parks

Map of Australia's Commonwealth marine reserve networks
A map showing Australia's marine park networks.

Australian marine parks are managed in groups called 'networks'. However, the Coral Sea Marine Park and the Heard Island and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve are managed separately.

Coral Sea Marine Park

The Coral Sea Marine Park is Australia's largest marine park. It covers about 989,836 square kilometres. It's located off the coast of Queensland in the Coral Sea.

Heard Island and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve

The Heard Island and McDonald Islands are far away in the southern Indian Ocean. They are about 4,100 kilometres south-west of Perth, Western Australia. This marine reserve covers about 71,200 square kilometres.

North Network

The North Marine Parks Network has 8 marine parks. They cover about 157,480 square kilometres. These parks are located off the coast of the Northern Territory and Queensland.

North-west Network

The North-west Marine Parks Network includes 13 marine parks. They cover about 335,341 square kilometres. You can find these parks off the north-west coast of Western Australia.

Temperate East Network

The Temperate East Marine Parks Network has 8 marine parks. They cover about 383,339 square kilometres. These parks are located off the coast of New South Wales.

South-east Network

The South-east Marine Parks Network contains 14 marine parks. They cover about 388,464 square kilometres. These parks are found off the coasts of Victoria, Tasmania, and South Australia.

South-west Network

The South-west Network has 14 marine parks. They cover about 508,371 square kilometres. These parks are located off the coast of South Australia and Western Australia.

See Also

kids search engine
Australian marine parks Facts for Kids. Kiddle Encyclopedia.