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Lise Meitner facts for kids
| Lise Meitner | |
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Lise Meitner in 1946
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| Born | 7 November 1878 Vienna, Austria-Hungary |
| Died | 27 October 1968 (aged 89) Cambridge, England |
| Residence | Austria, Germany, Sweden, United Kingdom |
| Citizenship | Austria (pre-1949), Sweden (post-1949) |
| Fields | Physics |
| Institutions | Kaiser Wilhelm Institute University of Berlin, Manne Siegbahn Laboratory University College of Stockholm |
| Alma mater | University of Vienna |
| Doctoral advisor | Franz S. Exner |
| Other academic advisors | Ludwig Boltzmann Max Planck |
| Doctoral students | Arnold Flammersfeld Kan-Chang Wang Nikolaus Riehl |
| Other notable students | Max Delbrück Hans Hellmann |
| Known for | Nuclear fission |
| Influenced | Otto Hahn |
| Notable awards |
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Lise Meitner (November 7, 1878, Vienna – October 27, 1968, Cambridge) was an Austrian-Swedish physicist. She had a very large role in discovering nuclear fission. She received her doctorate in physics from the University of Vienna in 1906. Her work with two other scientists influenced the discovery and creation of the atomic bomb.
Meitner was of Jewish descent and converted to Lutheranism.
Starting in 1907, Meitner worked with a man named Otto Hahn. She worked with Hahn throughout her entire career. Working together, they completed a lot of work in chemistry. Hahn won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, even though his work had been with her. The reason that she did not win the prize was that she was female. She did attend the ceremony though.
In 1914, Meitner volunteered as an X-ray technician in the Austrian army during World War I. Meitner was also the first female professor in Germany. She became a German professor in 1917. Throughout the 1920s, Meitner worked mostly on radiation. She won many prizes and awards. Around 1935, Meitner and Hahn worked together to learn more about uranium. The element Meitnerium is named after her. Later in Meitner’s life, she had many discoveries that led to the creation of the atomic bomb. She worked to make possible the atomic bomb that was dropped on Hiroshima.
Experiences sexism
An encyclopedia editor asked Meitner to write an article about radioactivity. He had read a paper she wrote about the physical aspects of radioactivity. The letter that she got was addressed to “Herr Meitner” (Mr. Meitner). She explained that she was female and the offer was taken away. Meitner followed gender roles later in her career. British physicist Ernest Rutherford visited Berlin Laboratory. During this visit, Meitner spent the day shopping with Rutherford's wife. Meanwhile, the men talked about work. Meitner also had lots of accomplishments. After working with Hahn and investigating behavior of beta rays, she received an appointment in the radioactivity apartment and invited Meitner to join him. Soon after, Max Planck asked Meitner to be an assistant professor and lecture at the institute for theoretical physics. Meitner was the first woman in Germany to be in her position. Many news reporters were drawn to her opening lecture.
Images for kids
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Meitner in 1906
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Lise Meitner and Otto Hahn in their laboratory
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Nuclear fission experimental setup, reconstructed at the Deutsches Museum, Munich
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Meitner's grave in Bramley
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Meitner with actress Katharine Cornell and physicist Arthur Compton on 6 June 1946, when Meitner and Cornell were receiving awards from the National Conference of Christians and Jews