Ramiro Ledesma Ramos facts for kids
Quick facts for kids
Ramiro Ledesma
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| Born | 23 May 1905 Alfaraz de Sayago, Kingdom of Spain |
| Died | 29 October 1936 (aged 31) Aravaca, Spain |
| Political party | JONS (1931–1934) FE de las JONS (1934–1935) |
| Profession | Philosopher, politician, writer, essayist, and journalist |
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Philosophy career |
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Notable work
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| Era | 20th-century philosophy |
| Region | Western philosophy |
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Notable ideas
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National syndicalism |
Ramiro Ledesma Ramos (born May 23, 1905 – died October 29, 1936) was a Spanish thinker, political figure, writer, and journalist. He is known for being one of the first people to bring a political idea called Fascism to Spain.
Contents
Early Life and Ideas
Ramiro Ledesma was born in Alfaraz de Sayago, a town in the province of Zamora, Spain. He grew up in Torrefrades, where his father worked as a school teacher. Ramiro studied Arts and Sciences at the Central University of Madrid. There, he was a student of the famous philosopher José Ortega y Gasset. He also wrote for several important magazines like La Gaceta Literaria and Revista de Occidente. He even wrote a novel for young people called El sello de la muerte (The Seal of Death).
Ledesma Ramos became interested in the political ideas of Benito Mussolini in Italy and Adolf Hitler in Germany. In 1931, he started his own magazine called La Conquista del Estado (The Conquest of the State). This magazine was one of the first to promote a new idea in Spain called National-Syndicalism. It tried to combine ideas of nationalism (strong love for one's country) with syndicalism (a movement where workers' unions have a lot of power). He wanted to connect with workers and bring these ideas to them.
La Conquista del Estado and the Falange
In the first issue of La Conquista del Estado, Ledesma Ramos shared his political plan. This plan included ideas like having a strong government (statism), giving universities a role in politics, and organizing the country's economy around worker groups (syndicates). His magazine was published for about a year, but it did not become as popular as he hoped.
Later, in October 1931, Ramiro Ledesma joined his group with another group led by Onésimo Redondo. They formed the Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional-Sindicalista (JONS). In 1934, this group merged again with José Antonio Primo de Rivera's group. This new, larger group was called the Falange Española de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional-Sindicalista (FE-JONS).
Ramiro Ledesma himself designed the symbol for this movement. It was a yoke and a bundle of arrows, which came from the symbols of the old Spanish rulers, the Catholic Monarchs. He also created some of their famous sayings, like Arriba España (Up Spain) and Una, Grande y Libre (One, Great, and Free). These sayings were later used a lot during the time of Francisco Franco in Spain.
Later Life and Death
Even though the Falange group became stable, Ramiro Ledesma left it because he had different ideas from Primo de Rivera. He then started a smaller group called La Patria Libre (The Free Homeland). This group had some similar ideas to left-wing worker unions.
When the Spanish Civil War began, Ramiro Ledesma was in Madrid, which was controlled by the Republican side. He was far from the forces of Francisco Franco. During the summer and autumn of 1936, he was put in prison by the government because they thought he might be spying. He was later killed by Republican groups.
After his death, Ramiro Ledesma became an important figure in the Francoist government's messages. However, the powerful Roman Catholic Church was suspicious of his ideas. They even considered banning his writings.
Works by Ramiro Ledesma
- Discurso a las juventudes de España (Speech to the Youth of Spain)
- ¿Fascismo en España? (Fascism in Spain?)
- La Conquista del Estado (The Conquest of the State)
- Escritos filosóficos, &c. (Philosophical Writings, etc.)
Images for kids
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Ramiro Ledesma's signature
See also
