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Secretary-General of the United Nations facts for kids

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The Secretary-General of the United Nations (often called the UN Secretary-General or UNSG) is like the main leader and manager of the United Nations. They are in charge of the United Nations Secretariat, which is one of the six main parts of the UN.

The job of the Secretary-General and the Secretariat is explained in the United Nations Charter. However, many details about how someone becomes Secretary-General and how long they serve have been decided over time by tradition.

Quick facts for kids
Secretary-General of the United Nations
Flag of the United Nations.svg
Emblem of the United Nations.svg
António Guterres, 23.03.23.jpg
Incumbent
António Guterres

since 1 January 2017 (2017-01-01)
United Nations Secretariat
Style His Excellency
Abbreviation UNSECGEN
Member of Secretariat
General Assembly
Residence Sutton Place, New York City
Seat United Nations Headquarters, New York City (international territory)
Nominator Security Council
Appointer General Assembly
Term length Five years, renewable
(traditionally limited to two terms)
Constituting instrument United Nations Charter
Precursor Secretary-General of the League of Nations
Formation 24 October 1945
First holder Gladwyn Jebb
as acting Secretary-General
Trygve Lie
as first Secretary-General
Deputy Deputy Secretary-General
Salary $ 227,253 per annum (2024)

How the Secretary-General Is Chosen

UNO New York
The Secretariat Building is a tall skyscraper and the main building of the Headquarters of the United Nations.

The Secretary-General is chosen by the General Assembly. This happens after the Security Council suggests a candidate. The Security Council has five permanent members (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States). Any of these five countries can say no to a candidate, which is called a veto. Because of this, the person chosen is often someone who is acceptable to all major powers.

There are also some unofficial rules for who can be chosen. For example, the person cannot be a citizen of any of the five permanent Security Council members. Also, the UN tries to choose people from different parts of the world and hopes to have a woman in the role one day. So far, all Secretaries-General have been experienced diplomats.

Term Length

The Secretary-General usually serves for five years. They can be chosen again for a second term. Most Secretaries-General since 1961 have served two terms. There isn't a strict limit on how many terms someone can serve, but usually, they don't try for a third term.

The process of choosing the Secretary-General used to be very private. However, in 2016, the General Assembly tried to make it more open. They asked for nominations and held public discussions. Still, the Security Council made its final decision in private.

What the Secretary-General Does

The UN Charter says the Secretary-General is the "chief administrative officer" of the UN. This means they are in charge of the UN's daily operations and staff. The Secretary-General can also tell the Security Council about any issue that they think might threaten world peace. They also do other tasks given to them by different UN groups.

The UN describes the Secretary-General's job as being a mix of different roles:

  • Advocate: Speaking up for people around the world and for UN goals.
  • Diplomat: Working with countries to solve problems peacefully.
  • Civil Servant: Managing the UN's large staff and operations.
  • Chief Executive Officer: Leading the entire UN system.

The Secretary-General's daily duties include:

  • Overseeing the work of the UN staff.
  • Attending meetings with different UN groups.
  • Talking with world leaders and government officials.
  • Traveling globally to highlight important international issues.

They also publish a yearly report about the UN's work, explaining what has been done and what needs to be focused on next. The Secretary-General also leads a group of heads from all UN funds and agencies, who meet twice a year to discuss important issues.

Many of the Secretary-General's powers are informal. They often use their "good offices" to help prevent international disagreements from starting or getting worse. This means they use their independent and fair position to talk to different sides and find solutions. People sometimes call the job the "world's moderator" because they help bring people together. For example, past Secretaries-General have helped calm down conflicts, like the Cuban Missile Crisis.

Official Home

The official home of the Secretary-General is a house at 3 Sutton Place, Manhattan, in New York City, United States. This house was given to the United Nations in 1972.

Past Secretaries-General

No. Portrait Name Time in Office Country UN Regional Group Key Facts
Started Ended Total Time
Acting Sr. Gladwyn Jebb.jpg Jebb, GladwynGladwyn Jebb 24 October 1945 2 February 1946 101 days  United Kingdom Western European and Others He was the acting Secretary-General when the UN was first being set up after World War II.
1 Trygve Lie.png Lie, TrygveTrygve Lie 2 February 1946 10 November 1952 6 years, 282 days  Norway Western European and Others He was the first official Secretary-General. He resigned in 1952.
2 Dag Hammarskjöld.jpg Hammarskjöld, DagDag Hammarskjöld 10 April 1953 18 September 1961 † 8 years, 312 days  Sweden Western European and Others He was re-elected for a second term. He sadly died in a plane crash in 1961 while on a peace mission. He won the Nobel Peace Prize after his death.
Acting U Thant (1963).jpg Thant, UU Thant 3 November 1961 30 November 1962 1 year, 27 days  Burma Asia-Pacific He was the first Secretary-General from Asia. He served as acting Secretary-General before being fully appointed.
3 30 November 1962 31 December 1971 9 years, 31 days He was reappointed for a full term and did not seek a third term.
4 Kurt Waldheim UN.jpg Waldheim, KurtKurt Waldheim 1 January 1972 31 December 1981 9 years, 364 days  Austria Western European and Others He served two terms. After his time at the UN, he became the president of Austria.
5 Javier Pérez de Cuéllar (1982).jpg Pérez de Cuéllar, JavierJavier Pérez de Cuéllar 1 January 1982 31 December 1991 9 years, 364 days  Peru Latin American and Caribbean He was the first and only Secretary-General from the Americas. He was re-elected for a second term.
6 Boutros Boutros Ghali (1993).jpg Boutros-Ghali, BoutrosBoutros Boutros-Ghali 1 January 1992 31 December 1996 4 years, 365 days  Egypt African He was the first Secretary-General from Africa. He served one term.
7 Kofi Annan, 2002 (cropped).jpg Annan, KofiKofi Annan 1 January 1997 31 December 2006 9 years, 364 days  Ghana African He was also from Africa and served two terms. He and the United Nations won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2001.
8 Ban Ki-moon February 2016.jpg Ban Ki-moon 1 January 2007 31 December 2016 9 years, 365 days  South Korea Asia-Pacific He was the first Secretary-General from East Asia. He served two terms. Before this, he was the Foreign Minister of South Korea.
9 António Guterres, 23.03.23.jpg Guterres, AntónioAntónio Guterres 1 January 2017 Incumbent 8 years, 216 days  Portugal Timor-Leste Western European and Others and Asia-Pacific He is the current Secretary-General. He was the prime minister of Portugal before taking this role. His second term began on January 1, 2022.

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Secretaries-General by Region

UN Regional Group Number of Secretaries-General Number of Terms Served
WEOG 4 7
Eastern European Group 0 0
GRULAC 1 2
Asia-Pacific Group 3 6
African Group 2 3

See also

Kids robot.svg In Spanish: Secretaría General de las Naciones Unidas para niños

  • Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations
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