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Don Cherry
DonCherry.jpg
Don Cherry, Münster, 1987
Background information
Birth name Donald Eugene Cherry
Born (1936-11-18)November 18, 1936
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, U.S.
Died October 19, 1995(1995-10-19) (aged 58)
Málaga, Spain
Genres Free jazz, world fusion
Occupation(s) Musician
Instruments Cornet, trumpet, wood flute, tambura, gamelan
Associated acts Codona, Ornette Coleman, Paul Bley, Sonny Rollins, New York Contemporary Five, Naná Vasconcelos, La Monte Young, Old and New Dreams, Abdullah Ibrahim

Donald Eugene Cherry (November 18, 1936 – October 19, 1995) was an American jazz trumpeter. Cherry had a long association with free jazz saxophonist Ornette Coleman, which began in the late 1950s. He also performed alongside musicians such as John Coltrane, Charlie Haden, Sun Ra, Ed Blackwell, the New York Contemporary Five, and Albert Ayler.

In the 1970s, Cherry became a pioneer in world fusion music, drawing on traditional African, Middle Eastern, and Hindustani music. He was a member of the ECM group Codona, along with percussionist Naná Vasconcelos and sitar and tabla player Collin Walcott. AllMusic called him "one of the most influential jazz musicians of the late 20th century."

Early life

Cherry was born in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, to a mother of Choctaw descent and an African-American father. His mother and grandmother played piano and his father played trumpet. His father owned Oklahoma City's Cherry Blossom Club, which hosted performances by Charlie Christian and Fletcher Henderson. In 1940, Cherry moved with his family to Los Angeles, California. He lived in the Watts neighborhood, and his father tended bar at the Plantation Club on Central Avenue, which at the time was the center of a vibrant jazz scene. Cherry recalled skipping school at Fremont High School in order to play with the swing band at Jefferson High School. This resulted in his transfer to Jacob Riis High School, a reform school, where he first met drummer Billy Higgins.

Career

By the early 1950s Cherry was playing with jazz musicians in Los Angeles, sometimes acting as pianist in Art Farmer's group. While trumpeter Clifford Brown was in Los Angeles with Max Roach, Cherry attended a jam session with Brown and Larance Marable at Eric Dolphy's house, and Brown informally mentored Cherry. He also toured with saxophonist James Clay.

Cherry became well known in 1958 when he performed and recorded with Ornette Coleman, first in a quintet with pianist Paul Bley and later in what became the predominantly piano-less quartet which recorded for Atlantic Records. During this period, "his lines ... gathered much of their freedom of motion from the free harmonic structures." Cherry co-led The Avant-Garde session which saw John Coltrane replacing Coleman in the Quartet, recorded and toured with Sonny Rollins, was a member of the New York Contemporary Five with Archie Shepp and John Tchicai, and recorded and toured with both Albert Ayler and George Russell. His first recording as a leader was Complete Communion for Blue Note Records in 1965. The band included Coleman's drummer Ed Blackwell as well as saxophonist Gato Barbieri, whom he had met while touring Europe with Ayler, and bassist Henry Grimes.

Firenze DonCherry 1975
Cherry at Park Le Cascine, Florence, Italy, September 1975

After a departure from Coleman's quartet, Cherry often played in small groups and duets (many with ex-Coleman drummer Ed Blackwell) during a long sojourn in Scandinavia and other locations. He traveled through Europe, India, Morocco, South Africa, and elsewhere to explore and play with a variety of musicians. In the late 1960s he settled in Tagarp, Sweden with his wife, Swedish designer and textile artist Moki Cherry. In 1968, Don Cherry taught music classes with guest lecturers, performance collaborators, and workshop leaders from around the world at Arbetarnas bildningsförbund (ABF) House, a Swedish labor movement-run education center. For ten years, Don and Moki Cherry lived and worked collaboratively in an abandoned schoolhouse in Tagarp, holding classes and performances, hosting guests and collaborators, and exploring their concept of Organic Music Society.

In 1969, Cherry played trumpet and other instruments for beat poet Allen Ginsberg's 1970 LP Songs of Innocence and Experience, a musical adaptation of William Blake's poetry collection of the same name. He appeared on Coleman's 1971 LP Science Fiction, and from 1976 to 1987 reunited with Coleman alumni Dewey Redman, Charlie Haden, and Blackwell in the band Old And New Dreams, recording four albums with them, two for ECM and two for Black Saint, where his "subtlety of rhythmic expansion and contraction" was noted.

Don Cherry 1989
Don Cherry in 1989

In the 1970s he ventured into the developing genre of world fusion music. Cherry incorporated influences of Middle Eastern, traditional African, and Indian music into his playing. He studied Indian music with Vasant Rai in the early seventies. From 1978 to 1982, he recorded three albums for ECM with "world jazz" group Codona, consisting of Cherry, percussionist Naná Vasconcelos and sitar and tabla player Collin Walcott.

Cherry also collaborated with classical composer Krzysztof Penderecki on the 1971 album Actions. In 1973, he co-composed the score for Alejandro Jodorowsky's film The Holy Mountain, together with Ronald Frangipane and Jodorowsky.

At the end of the 70s, the trio Organic Music Theater (with Gian Piero Pramaggiore and Naná Vasconcelos), had an intense live activity in Italy and France.

During the 1980s, he released the recording El Corazon, a 1982 duet album with Ed Blackwell. He also made two albums as bandleader, Home Boy (Sister Out) in 1985 and Art Deco in 1988. Cherry recorded again with the original Ornette Coleman Quartet on Coleman's 1987 album In All Languages,

Other playing opportunities in his career came with Carla Bley's Escalator Over The Hill project, and as a sideman on recordings by Lou Reed, Ian Dury, Rip Rig + Panic and Sun Ra.

In 1994, Cherry appeared on the Red Hot Organization's compilation CD, Stolen Moments: Red Hot + Cool, on a track titled "Apprehension", alongside The Watts Prophets. The album, meant to raise awareness of the AIDS epidemic in African-American society, was named "Album of the Year" by Time magazine.

Death and legacy

Cherry died on October 19, 1995, at the age of 58 from liver cancer in Málaga, Spain.

Cherry was inducted into the Oklahoma Jazz Hall of Fame in 2011.

Family

He was married to Monika Karlsson (Moki Cherry), a Swedish painter and textile artist, who also occasionally played tamboura drone on his recordings and jams. His stepdaughter, Neneh Cherry, his step-granddaughters Mabel and Tyson and his sons, David Ornette Cherry, Christian Cherry, and Eagle-Eye Cherry, are also musicians. David Ornette Cherry died from an asthma attack at the age of 64 on November 20, 2022.

Instruments

Cherry learned to play various brass instruments in high school. Throughout his career, Cherry played pocket cornet (though Cherry identified this as a pocket trumpet), trumpet, cornet, flugelhorn, and bugle.

Cherry began his career as a pianist, and would continue playing piano and organ.

After returning from a musical and cultural journey through Africa, Cherry often played the donso ngoni, a harp-lute with a gourd body originating from West Africa (see ngoni). During his international journeys, he also collected a variety of non-Western instruments, which he mastered and often played in performances and on recordings. Among these instruments were berimbau, bamboo flutes and assorted percussion instruments.

Technique and style

Cherry's trumpet influences included Miles Davis, Fats Navarro, Clifford Brown, and Harry Edison. Journalist Howard Mandel suggests Henry "Red" Allen as a precedent (given Allen's "blustery rather than Armstrong-brazen brass sound, jauntily unpredictable melodic streams, squeezed-off and/or half-valve effects and repertoire including novelty vocals") while Ekkehard Jost cites Wild Bill Davison.

Some critics have noted shortcomings in Cherry's technique. Ron Wynn writes that "[Cherry's] technique isn't always the most efficient; frequently, his rapid-fired solos contain numerous missed or muffed notes. But he's a master at exploring the trumpet and cornet's expressive, voice-like properties; he bends notes and adds slurs and smears, and his twisting solos are tightly constructed and executed regardless of their flaws." Jost notes the tendency for writers to focus on Cherry's "technical insecurity", but asserts that "the problem lies elsewhere. Perfect technical control in extremely fast tempos was more or less risk-free as long as the improviser had to deal with standard changes that were familiar to him from years of working with them.... In the music of the Ornette Coleman Quartet—a 'new-found-land' where the laws and habits of functional harmony do not apply—there is no use for patterns that had been worked out on that basis."

Miles Davis was initially dismissive of Cherry's playing, claiming that "anyone can tell that guy's not a trumpet player—it's just notes that come out, and every note he plays he looks serious about, and people will go for that, especially white people." According to Cherry, however, when Davis attended an Ornette Coleman performance at the Five Spot, he was impressed with Cherry's playing and sat in with the group using Cherry's pocket trumpet. Later, in a 1964 DownBeat blindfold test, Davis indicated that he liked Cherry's playing.

Discography

As leader or co-leader

Recording date Release date Album Label Notes
1960 1966 The Avant-Garde Atlantic With John Coltrane
1965 1966 Togetherness Durium Also released as Gato Barbieri & Don Cherry
1965 2020 Cherry Jam Gearbox EP
1965 1966 Complete Communion Blue Note
1966 2007 Live at Cafe Montmartre 1966 Volume 1 ESP-Disk
1966 2008 Live at Cafe Montmartre 1966 Volume 2 ESP-Disk
1966 2009 Live at Cafe Montmartre 1966 Volume 3 ESP-Disk
1966 1967 Symphony for Improvisers Blue Note
1966 1969 Where Is Brooklyn? Blue Note
1968 2021 The Summer House Sessions Blank Forms
1968 2013 Live In Stockholm Caprice
1968 1969 Eternal Rhythm MPS
1969 1969 Mu First Part BYG Records With Ed Blackwell
1969 1970 Mu Second Part BYG Records With Ed Blackwell
1969 1978 Live Ankara Sonet
1969-1970 1970 Human Music Flying Dutchman With Jon Appleton
1971 1971 Actions Philips With Krzysztof Penderecki
1971 1974 Orient BYG Records
1971 1974 Blue Lake BYG Records
1972 1972 Organic Music Society Caprice
1972 2019 Universal Silence Lepo Glasbo With Carlos Ward and Dollar Brand
1972 2021 Organic Music Theatre Festival De Jazz De Chateauvallon 1972 Blank Forms With Naná Vasconcelos
1973 1973 Relativity Suite JCOA With the Jazz Composer's Orchestra
1973 1974 Eternal Now Sonet
1975 1975 Brown Rice Horizon Also released as Don Cherry
1976 1977 Hear & Now Atlantic
1976 2020 Om Shanti Om Black Sweat
1982 1982 El Corazón ECM With Ed Blackwell
1985 1985 Home Boy (Sister Out) Barclay
1986 2002 Nu: Live at the Bracknell Jazz Festival, 1986 Barclay
1987 2021 Nu: Live in Glasgow Mark Helias self-released
1988 1989 Art Deco A&M
1988-1990 1990 Multikulti A&M
1993 1994 Dona Nostra ECM

With Old and New Dreams

  • Old and New Dreams (Black Saint, 1976)
  • Old and New Dreams (ECM, 1979)
  • Playing (ECM, 1980)
  • A Tribute to Blackwell (Black Saint, 1987)

With Codona

  • Codona (ECM, 1979)
  • Codona 2 (ECM, 1981)
  • Codona 3 (ECM, 1983)

As sideman

With Ornette Coleman

  • Something Else!!!! (Contemporary, 1958)
  • Tomorrow Is the Question! (Contemporary, 1959)
  • The Shape of Jazz to Come (Atlantic, 1959)
  • Change of the Century (Atlantic, 1960)
  • Twins (Atlantic, 1959–60 [1971])
  • The Art of the Improvisers (Atlantic, 1959–61 [1970])
  • To Whom Who Keeps a Record (Atlantic, 1959–60 [1975])
  • This is our Music (Atlantic, 1960)
  • Free Jazz: A Collective Improvisation (Atlantic, 1960)
  • Ornette! (Atlantic, 1961)
  • Ornette on Tenor (Atlantic, 1961)
  • Crisis (Impulse!, 1969)
  • Science Fiction (Columbia, 1971)
  • Broken Shadows (Columbia, 1971 [1982])
  • In All Languages (Caravan of Dreams, 1987)

With the New York Contemporary Five

  • Consequences (Fontana, 1963)
  • New York Contemporary Five Vol. 1 (Sonet, 1963)
  • New York Contemporary Five Vol. 2 (Sonet, 1963)
  • Bill Dixon 7-tette/Archie Shepp and the New York Contemporary Five (Savoy, 1964)

With Albert Ayler

  • Ghosts (Debut, 1964)
  • The Hilversum Session (Osmosis, 1964)
  • New York Eye and Ear Control (ESP, 1965)
  • The Copenhagen Tapes (Ayler, 2002)

With Carla Bley

  • Escalator over the Hill (JCOA, 1971)

With Paul Bley

  • Live at the Hilcrest Club 1958 (Inner City, 1958 [1976])
  • Coleman Classics Volume 1 (Improvising Artists, 1958 [1977])

With Bongwater

  • Double Bummer (Shimmy-Disc [1988])

With Charles Brackeen

  • Rhythm X (Strata-East, 1973)

With Allen Ginsberg

  • Songs of Innocence and Experience (MGM, 1970)

With Charlie Haden

  • Liberation Music Orchestra (Impulse!, 1969)
  • The Golden Number (1976) (one track)
  • The Ballad of the Fallen (ECM, 1986)
  • The Montreal Tapes: with Don Cherry and Ed Blackwell (Verve, 1989 [1994])

With Abdullah Ibrahim

  • The Journey (Chiaroscuro, 1977)

With Clifford Jordan

  • In the World (Strata-East, 1969 [1972])

With Steve Lacy

  • Evidence (New Jazz, 1962)

With Michael Mantler

  • The Jazz Composer's Orchestra (ECM, 1968)
  • No Answer (WATT/ECM 1973)

With Sunny Murray

  • Sonny's Time Now (Jihad, 1965)

With Jim Pepper

  • Comin' and Goin' (Europa, 1983)

With Sonny Rollins

With George Russell

  • George Russell Sextet at Beethoven Hall (MPS, 1965)

With Sun Ra

  • Hiroshima (1983)
  • Stars That Shine Darkly (1983)
  • Purple Night (A&M, 1990)
  • Somewhere Else (Rounder, 1993)

With Lou Reed

  • The Bells (Arista, 1979)

With Charlie Rouse

  • Epistrophy (Landmark, 1989)

With others

  • Albert Heath and James Mtume along with Herbie Hancock and Ed BlackwellKawaida (1969
  • Alejandro Jodorowsky- The Holy Mountain Soundtrack (1973)
  • Terry RileyTerry Riley and Don Cherry Duo (B.Free, 1975)
  • Steve Hillage – L (1976)
  • Collin Walcott – Grazing Dreams (ECM, 1977)
  • Latif Khan – Music/Sangam (1978)
  • Johnny Dyani – Song for Biko (1978)
  • Masahiko Togashi - Session In Paris, Vol. 1 "Song Of Soil" (Take One/King, 1979)
  • Bengt Berger – Bitter Funeral Beer (ECM, 1981)
  • Rip Rig + Panic – I Am Cold (1982)
  • Bengt Berger Bitter Funeral Beer Band – Live in Frankfurt (1982)
  • Dag VagAlmanacka (1983)
  • Frank Lowe – Decision in Paradise (Soul Note, 1984)
  • Jai Uttal – Footprints (1990)
  • Ed Blackwell Project – What It Be Like? Ed Blackwell Project Vol. 2 (1992) (one track)

See also

Kids robot.svg In Spanish: Don Cherry para niños

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