Nurul Amin facts for kids
Quick facts for kids
Nurul Amin
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| নুরুল আমিন نور الامین |
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| 8th Prime Minister of Pakistan | |
| In office 7 December 1971 – 20 December 1971 |
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| President | Yahya Khan |
| Deputy | Zulfikar Ali Bhutto |
| Preceded by | Feroz Khan Noon Ayub Khan (acting) |
| Succeeded by | Zulfikar Ali Bhutto |
| Acting President of Pakistan | |
| In office 20 January 1972 – 28 January 1972 |
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| President | Zulfikar Ali Bhutto |
| Preceded by | Zulfikar Ali Bhutto |
| Succeeded by | Zulfikar Ali Bhutto |
| In office 1 April 1972 – 21 April 1972 |
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| President | Zulfikar Ali Bhutto |
| Preceded by | Zulfikar Ali Bhutto |
| Succeeded by | Zulfikar Ali Bhutto |
| Vice President of Pakistan | |
| In office 20 December 1971 – 14 August 1973 |
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| President | Zulfikar Ali Bhutto |
| Preceded by | Post created |
| Succeeded by | Post abolished |
| Leader of the Opposition | |
| In office 9 July 1967 – 7 December 1970 |
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| Preceded by | Fatima Jinnah |
| Succeeded by | Khan Abdul Wali Khan |
| Chief Minister of East Pakistan | |
| In office 14 September 1948 – 3 April 1954 |
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| Governor | Feroz Khan Noon Chaudhry Khaliquzzaman |
| Preceded by | Khawaja Nazimuddin |
| Succeeded by | Fazlul Huq |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 15 July 1893 Shahbazpur, Bengal Presidency, British India (now, Bangladesh) |
| Died | 2 October 1974 (aged 81) Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan |
| Resting place | Mazar-e-Quaid, Karachi |
| Nationality |  Pakistani |
| Political party | Pakistan Muslim League (since 1962) |
| Other political affiliations |
Muslim League (1947–1958) |
| Relatives | Razia Khan (daughter-in-law) Aasha Mehreen Amin (granddaughter) |
| Alma mater | Ananda Mohan College University of Calcutta |
Nurul Amin (Bengali: নুরুল আমিন; Urdu: نور الامین; 15 July 1893 – 2 October 1974) was an important leader in Pakistan. He was a lawyer and served as the eighth Prime Minister of Pakistan. He was also the first and only Vice President of Pakistan. He is known as the last Bengali leader of Pakistan. His time as Prime Minister was very short, lasting only 13 days. This was the shortest term in Pakistan's history.
He started his political journey in 1948 as the Chief Minister of East Bengal. He later became the Minister of Supply. Even though he was Bengali, Amin was against the Bengali language movement in 1952. After the 1970 general election, he was appointed Prime Minister. He served as the first and only Vice President of Pakistan from 1970 to 1972. This was during a difficult time known as the Bangladesh Liberation War.
Nurul Amin wanted Pakistan to stay united. In Pakistan, many people see him as a patriot for this. However, in Bangladesh, some people have different views because of the war. He opposed the creation of Bangladesh during the war. But after a major event on March 25, he worked to open talks between the fighting sides. He also tried to stop wartime crimes and help Bengalis stuck in West Pakistan.
Contents
Early Life and Education
Nurul Amin was born on July 15, 1893. His family was Bengali Muslim. He was born in Shahbazpur, which was in the Bengal Presidency of British India. This area is now part of Bangladesh. Later, his family moved to their village in Nandail, Mymensingh District.
In 1915, Amin finished high school at Mymensingh Zilla School. Two years later, he joined Ananda Mohan College. He earned a bachelor's degree in English literature in 1919.
After college, Amin taught at local schools. But he soon decided to study law. In 1920, he started studying at the University of Calcutta. He earned his law degree in 1924 and passed the Bar exam the same year. Amin began his career as a lawyer in Mymensingh.
Starting Public Service
In 1929, Nurul Amin became a member of the Mymensingh Local Board. The next year, he joined the Mymensingh District Board. In 1932, the British Indian Government made him a commissioner of Mymensingh Municipality. He then became the Chairman of the Mymensingh District Board in 1937. He held this position until 1945.
During this time, Amin became more interested in politics. He joined the All-India Muslim League. This party was led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah. Amin became the president of the Muslim League in his home district of Mymensingh. In 1944, he was chosen as the vice-president of the Bengal Provincial Muslim League.
In 1945, Amin ran in the Indian general elections. He won by a large margin. He became a Member of the Bengal Legislative Assembly. The next year, he was elected as the Speaker General of the Assembly.
Role in United Pakistan
The Pakistan Movement
Nurul Amin became a close helper of Mohammad Ali Jinnah in East Bengal. He worked to protect the rights of Bengali Muslims in British India. Amin played a big part in the Pakistan Movement. He helped organize Bengali Muslims and made the Muslim League stronger in Bengal.
In 1946, Jinnah visited Bengal, and Amin helped him. Jinnah promised to build a democratic country for the Bengali people. Amin worked to unite Muslims in East Bengal. By the time Pakistan was created, Amin was a leading supporter of the Pakistan Movement. Many Bengali people approved of his work.
Chief Minister of East Bengal
After Jinnah passed away, Nurul Amin was chosen as the Chief Minister of East Bengal. This happened in September 1948. He was nominated by Khawaja Nazimuddin, who became the new Governor General.
Amin continued to work for the Muslim League in East Bengal. He also helped people through relief programs. As Chief Minister, his relationship with Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan was difficult. After Liaquat Ali Khan was assassinated, Amin became the Minister of Supply. He was a member of the Pakistan National Assembly from 1947 to 1954. He became Chief Minister again a few weeks later.
Some historians say that Amin's government was not very strong. It was largely controlled by the central government. His government did not have much power or new ideas. Amin also struggled to deal with the influence of the Communist Party of Pakistan. This party gained popularity by supporting the language movement in 1952.
The Language Movement
During Amin's time as Chief Minister, Governor General Nazimuddin stated that Urdu would be the only national language. This was despite Bengali being spoken by most people in East Pakistan. This led to the Bengali Language Movement. The ruling Muslim League lost a lot of support in East Pakistan.
Both Nazimuddin and Amin found it hard to connect the people of East and West Pakistan. The East Pakistan Muslim League lost much of its control. Amin blamed the Communist Party for causing the language movement.
Public unhappiness with Amin grew after October 1951. In early 1952, students protested in Dacca (now Dhaka). They were against the idea that Urdu would be the only national language. During the protests, police opened fire and killed four students. This made more people in the region oppose the Muslim League. In 1954, new elections were held.
1954 Elections and Later Years
In the 1954 provincial elections, the Muslim League lost to the United Front. This was a group of different parties. Nurul Amin lost his assembly seat to Khaleque Nawaz Khan. Khan was a student leader who was active in the Language Movement. The Muslim League lost its power in the province.
Amin served as the president of the East Pakistan Muslim League. He tried to improve its standing. In 1956, the Pakistani government made Bengali an official language alongside Urdu. But in 1958, Ayub Khan, the Army Commander, took control. He declared martial law and banned all political parties. This stopped Amin's political career for a while.
Leader of the Opposition
In the 1965 presidential elections, Amin ran as a candidate in East Pakistan. He won the majority of votes in the Parliament of Pakistan. He refused to work with Ayub Khan. After Fatima Jinnah passed away, Amin became the Leader of the Opposition. He held this role until 1969, when General Yahya Khan again declared martial law.
Dissolution of East Pakistan
In the 1970 elections, Amin was elected to the National Assembly of Pakistan. He was one of only two non-Awami League members from East Pakistan. At this time, the Pakistani government was very unpopular. The Bengali language movement had been suppressed. Unrest grew due to unfair treatment of Bengali people. This eventually led to East Pakistan declaring independence.
1971 Liberation War
The Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971 became very serious. India and Pakistan formally recognized that they were at war. However, neither government officially declared war.
Prime Minister and Vice President
As the situation in East Pakistan worsened, President General Yahya Khan appointed Amin as Prime Minister on December 6, 1971. However, on December 20, 1971, Amin's term as prime minister ended. Khan resigned, and Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto became the new president. Two days later, Amin was appointed as the Vice President of Pakistan. He was the only person to ever hold this position. He was sworn in again on April 23, 1972, after the interim constitution came into effect. He remained Vice President until the position was removed on August 14, 1973.
After the War
Nurul Amin is remembered as a selfless figure in Pakistan. Many Pakistanis see him as a national hero and a patriot. They believe he worked to keep the country united.
Death and Legacy
Amin stayed in West Pakistan after his home region became the independent People's Republic of Bangladesh. He passed away from a heart attack at age 81 in Rawalpindi on October 2, 1974. Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto gave him a public state funeral. He was buried in the Jinnah Mausoleum in Karachi, next to Jinnah. His tomb was specially designed with white Italian marble and golden letters.
Amin had written an autobiography that was never published. His second son, Anwarul Amin Makhon, was a general manager for a bank. He opened the first overseas branch of Bangladesh Bank in London. Anwarul Amin Makhon was married to Razia Khan, a famous writer and poet. They had two children, Kaiser Tamiz Amin and Aasha Mehreen Amin.
