Shia Islam facts for kids
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Shi'a Islam (Arabic: شيعة, Persian: شیعه) is the second largest denomination in Islam. Shia Muslims believe that Ali is the first Caliph (or Successor) who had been chosen by last prophet Muhammad by the order of God. Muhammad declared Ali as a first Caliph (or Imam) in his last sermon of last Haj at Ghadeer. Shi'a Muslims believe in the teachings of Qu'ran and the Prophet Muhammad's family, whom they call the Ahl al-Bayt. The Shi'as think that the first three ruling Sunni Caliphs had no importance to the development of the faith. The singular/adjective form is Shī'ī (شيعي) and means a follower of the Household of Muhammad and of Ali ibn Abi Talib (Imam Ali).
Shi'a Islam, like Sunni Islam, has at times been divided into many branches, however only three of these have a significant number of followers nowadays. The best known and the one with most adherents is Twelvers (Ithnāˤashariyya), followed by the Ismaili and Zaidiyyah.
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Images for kids
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ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib, cousin and son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, is credited as the first male convert to Islam.
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Map of the Muslim world's schools of jurisprudence.
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Names of the 12 Imams (descendants of Imam ʿAlī) written in the calligraphic form of the name ʿAlī in Arabic: علي
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Calligraphic representation of the 12 Imams along with the name of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
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Shāh Karim al-Husayni, known as the Aga Khan IV, is the 49th and current Imam of Nizārī Ismāʿīlīs.
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Gold dinar of al-Ḥādī ila'l-Ḥaqq Yaḥyā, the first Zaydī Imam of Yemen, minted in 910–911 CE.
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The Zaydī State of Yemen under the rule of Imam Al-Mutawakkil Ismāʿīl bin al-Qāsim (1644–1676)
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The investiture of ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib at Ghadir Khumm (MS Arab 161, fol. 162r, 1308–1309 CE, Ilkhanid manuscript illustration)
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Ḍarīẖ over ʿAlī's qabr (grave), Sanctuary of Imām ʿAlī, Najaf (present-day Iraq)
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Battle of Karbala, painting by the Isfahan-based Persian artist Abbas Al-Mousavi, Brooklyn Museum (between 1868 and 1933).
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Zulfiqar with and without the shield. The Fatimid depiction of ʿAlī's sword is carved on the gates of Old Cairo, namely Bab al-Nasr (shown below). Two swords were captured from the temple of the pre-Islamic Arabian deity Manāt during the Raid of Sa'd ibn Zaid al-Ashhali. Muhammad gave them to ʿAlī, saying that one of them was "Zulfiqar", which became famously known as the sword of ʿAlī and a later symbol of Shīʿīsm.
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Sanctuary of Imam Reza in Mashhad, Iran, is a complex which contains the mausoleum of Imam Reza, the 8th Imam of Twelver Shīʿas.
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Ghazan and his brother Öljaitü both were tolerant of sectarian differences within the boundaries of Islam, in contrast to the traditions of Genghis Khan.
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The Fatimid Caliphate at its peak
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Al Hakim Mosque, Islamic Cairo.
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One of the first actions performed by Shāh Ismā'īl I of the Safavid dynasty was the proclamation of the Twelver denomination of Shīʿa Islam as the official religion of his newly-founded Persian Empire, causing sectarian tensions in the Middle East when he destroyed the tombs of the Abbasid caliphs, the Sunnī Imam Abū Ḥanīfa al-Nuʿmān, and the Ṣūfī Muslim ascetic ʿAbdul Qādir Gīlānī in 1508. In 1533 the Ottoman Turks, upon their conquest of Iraq, rebuilt various important Sunnī shrines.
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The declaration of Twelver Shīʿīsm as the state religion of Safavid Persia.
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Battle of Chaldiran in 1514, was a major sectarian crisis between Muslims in the Middle East.
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See also
In Spanish: Chiismo para niños
