Timeline of British history (1000–1499) facts for kids
This article shares a timeline of important events in British history. It covers the years from 1000 AD to 1499 AD. You'll learn about kings, queens, big battles, and major changes that shaped Britain.
The 1100s: Kings and Conflicts
- 1135: King Henry I dies. Stephen becomes the new King of England.
- 1137: A civil war starts in England. King Stephen and Empress Matilda fight over who should rule. In Wales, Owain Gwynedd becomes the first Welsh ruler to call himself prince of Wales.
- 1154: King Stephen dies. Henry II takes the English throne.
- 1164: The Constitutions of Clarendon are introduced. These were new laws that changed how members of the Church were tried in England.
- 1170: Thomas Becket is killed. Owain Gwynedd, the prince of Wales, also dies.
- 1189: King Henry II dies. His son, Richard I, known as Richard the Lionheart, becomes King of England.
- 1192: King Richard I is captured by Duke Leopold of Austria. This happens while he is returning from the Crusades.
- 1194: King Richard is set free after a ransom is paid. He returns to England. In Wales, Llywelyn ab Iorwerth becomes the ruler of Gwynedd.
- 1199: King Richard I dies. King John becomes the new King of England.
The 1200s: Magna Carta and Welsh Conquest
- 1209: King John is excommunicated by Pope Innocent III. This meant he was cast out of the Church.
- 1212: A Great Fire sweeps through London.
- 1215: The Magna Carta is agreed upon by King John at Runnymede. This important document limited the king's power.
- 1216: King John dies. Henry III becomes the new King of England.
- 1237: The border between Scotland and England is officially set by the Treaty of York.
- 1240: Llywelyn ab Iorwerth, the prince of Wales, dies. Dafydd ap Llywelyn takes his place as ruler of Gwynedd.
- 1246: Dafydd ap Llywelyn dies. Llywelyn ap Gruffudd becomes the ruler of Gwynedd. He later claims the title of prince of Wales in 1258.
- 1249: King Alexander II of Scots dies. Alexander III becomes the new King of Scotland.
- 1263: The Battle of Largs is fought. This battle between Norway and Scotland had no clear winner.
- 1264: Simon de Montfort leads a group of rebel English barons. They defeat King Henry III at the Battle of Lewes.
- 1266: Scotland and Norway sign the Treaty of Perth. This treaty confirms that Scotland controls the Western Isles.
- 1267: King Henry III officially recognizes the power of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd in Wales.
- 1272: King Henry III dies. Edward I becomes the new King of England.
- 1277: England takes control of Wales. This control lasts until 1283.
- 1279: The Statute of Mortmain is passed. This law stopped land from being given to the Church without the king's permission.
- 1282: Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, the prince of Wales, dies. Dafydd ap Gruffudd takes over as ruler of Gwynedd.
- 1283: Dafydd ap Gruffudd dies. England fully conquers Wales.
- 1287: Rhys ap Maredudd leads a revolt in Wales.
- 1294: Madog ap Llywelyn leads another revolt in Wales.
- 1297: William Wallace and the Scottish army defeat the English at the Battle of Stirling Bridge.
The 1300s: Scottish Independence and the Black Death
- 1305: The Scottish resistance fighter William Wallace is captured and executed by the English. He was charged with treason.
- 1306: Robert the Bruce kills John Comyn III of Badenoch. Robert is then crowned King of Scotland.
- 1307: King Edward I dies. Edward II becomes the new King of England.
- 1314: Scotland wins a major victory over England at the Battle of Bannockburn.
- 1316: Llywelyn Bren leads a revolt in south Wales.
- 1322: King Edward II defeats a group of rebellious nobles at the Battle of Boroughbridge.
- 1327: Edward III takes the English throne from his father in January. Edward II is killed in September.
- 1328: England officially recognizes Scotland's independence in the Treaty of Edinburgh–Northampton.
- 1338: King Edward III claims he should be King of France. This starts the Hundred Years' War.
- 1348: The terrible disease known as the Black Death arrives in England. It eventually kills about one-third of the population.
- 1356: The Battle of Poitiers takes place during the Hundred Years' War.
- 1377: King Edward III dies. His grandson, Richard II, becomes the new King of England.
- 1381: The Peasants' Revolt happens. This was a large uprising by common people against taxes and unfair laws.
- 1392: The Statute of Praemunire is passed. This law limited the power of the Pope in England.
- 1399: Henry Bolingbroke takes the English throne. He becomes King Henry IV.
The 1400s: Wars of the Roses
- 1413: King Henry IV dies. His son, Henry V, becomes the new king.
- 1415: King Henry V returns to England. He is celebrated after a huge victory at the Battle of Agincourt in France.
- 1422: King Henry V dies. His young son, Henry VI, becomes king.
- 1471: King Henry VI is murdered. Edward IV is restored to the English throne.
- 1483: King Edward IV dies. Edward V becomes king.
- 1485: The Battle of Bosworth Field is fought on August 22. This battle ends the rule of King Richard III (from the House of York). It begins the Tudor period with King Henry VII.
- 1487: The Battle of Stoke is fought. This battle is between King Henry VII and Lambert Simnel. Simnel claimed to be a Yorkist heir to the throne. It is the last major battle of the Wars of the Roses.
See also
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Timeline of British history (1000–1499) Facts for Kids. Kiddle Encyclopedia.