1680s facts for kids

The 1680s was a ten-year period that started on January 1, 1680, and ended on December 31, 1689. This decade saw important changes in Europe and Asia, including new scientific discoveries and shifts in power. It was a time when countries like France, England, and Russia played big roles in world events.

Major Events of the 1680s

Peace and Pirates

• In 1684, the Treaty of Ratisbon was signed between France and England. This agreement helped to end a time known as the Age of Buccaneers. Buccaneers were like pirates who attacked ships and towns, especially in the Caribbean Sea. The treaty helped bring more peace to the seas.

Conflicts in Asia

• In 1685, the Chinese army attacked a Russian outpost called Albazin. This event was part of a larger conflict between the two empires. Later, these events led to the signing of the Treaty of Nerchinsk, which helped define the borders between China and Russia.

New Ideas in Science

• A very important book was published by Isaac Newton during this decade. It was called Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica. In this book, Newton shared his amazing ideas about how the world works. He introduced his famous laws of motion, which explain how objects move. He also presented his theory of gravity, which describes the force that pulls things towards each other, like why an apple falls from a tree.

A Change of Rulers in England

• The Glorious Revolution happened in England. This was a major event where King James II was removed from power. Instead, William and Mary became the new rulers of England. This change was important because it limited the power of the king and queen, giving more power to the Parliament.

Important World Leaders

During the 1680s, many powerful leaders ruled different parts of the world. Here are some of the most well-known:

European Monarchs

• King Christian V of Denmark ruled Denmark from 1670 to 1699.
• King Charles II was the King of England and Scotland until 1685.
• King James II became King of England and Scotland in 1685 and ruled until 1688.
• Queen Mary II and King William III became joint rulers of England and Scotland in 1689. Mary ruled until 1694, and William ruled until 1702.
• King Louis XIV of France was the powerful King of France, ruling for a very long time from 1643 to 1715. He was known as the "Sun King."
• Leopold I was the Holy Roman Emperor, a very important leader in Central Europe, from 1658 to 1705.
• King Peter II of Portugal ruled Portugal from 1667 to 1706.
• King Charles II of Spain ruled Spain from 1665 to 1700.
• King Charles XI of Sweden ruled Sweden from 1660 to 1697.

Russian Tsars

• Tsar Feodor III of Russia was the ruler of Russia from 1676 to 1682.
• Tsar Ivan V of Russia ruled Russia from 1682 to 1696.
• Tsar Peter I of Russia also became a ruler of Russia in 1682 and later became known as Peter the Great. He ruled until 1725.

Leaders in Asia

• Padshah Aurangazeb was the powerful ruler of the Mughal Empire in India.
• The Bhonsle Dynasty ruled the Maratha Empire in India.
  • Shambhaji was the Maratha ruler from 1680 to 1689.
  • Rajaram Chhatrapati became the Maratha ruler in 1689 and ruled until 1700.

See also

In Spanish: Años 1680 para niños