1643 facts for kids
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 16th century – 17th century – 18th century |
| Decades: | 1610s 1620s 1630s – 1640s – 1650s 1660s 1670s |
| Years: | 1640 1641 1642 – 1643 – 1644 1645 1646 |
The year 1643 was a time of important discoveries and changes around the world. Explorers found new lands, and big battles shaped countries in Europe. New inventions also helped us understand the world better.
Contents
Discoveries and Explorations
In 1643, the Dutch explorer Abel Tasman made two big discoveries in the Pacific Ocean.
- On January 21, he discovered the island group of Tonga.
- Soon after, on February 6, he found the beautiful Fiji islands. These discoveries helped map out more of the world.
Major Conflicts and Wars
Many parts of Europe were involved in conflicts during 1643.
The English Civil War
The English Civil War was a big fight in England. It was between the Royalists, who supported King Charles I, and the Parliamentarians, who supported the Parliament.
- On July 13, the Royalists won a major battle called the Battle of Roundway Down. Lord Henry Wilmot, Earl of Rochester, led the Royalist forces to victory over Sir William Waller's Parliamentarian army.
- The Royalists also won the Battle of Adwalton Moor. This victory gave them control of Yorkshire, an important area in England.
European Battles
Other parts of Europe also saw important battles.
- On May 19, the Battle of Rocroi took place in France. The French army won a big victory over the Spanish forces. This battle was a key moment in European history.
- An army from Bavaria and Austria fought and defeated the French army at Duttlingen.
- Later, the French army also attacked and took control of Baden-Baden.
Changes in Leadership
Several important changes in leadership happened in 1643.
- In Japan, Empress Meishō ended her rule.
- Her successor, Emperor Go-Komyo, then became the new emperor of Japan.
- In China, Hong Taiji, who was the Emperor of the Qing dynasty, passed away. His five-year-old son, who later became the Shunzhi Emperor, took his place.
- An Calbhach mac Aodha O Conchobhair Donn became the last king of Connacht in Ireland.
New Inventions and Ideas
This year also brought new inventions and important books.
- The Italian scientist Evangelista Torricelli invented the mercury barometer. This device helps us measure air pressure, which is important for understanding weather.
- John Colgan published the first two parts of his famous book, Acta Sanctorum. This book collected stories about saints.
- Miyamoto Musashi, a famous Japanese swordsman, started writing The Book of Five Rings. He finished this important book about strategy and martial arts in 1654.
- Roger Williams, who helped found Rhode Island in America, published a book called A Key Into the Language of America. This book helped people understand the languages of Native Americans.
Other Notable Events
- The New England Confederation was formed in North America. This was a group of English colonies that joined together for defense.
- Paul Chomedey de Maisonneuve placed the first cross on top of Mount Royal in what is now Montreal, Canada.
- The city of Åmål in Sweden was officially granted its city charter.
Births
- January 4 – Sir Isaac Newton, a very famous English scientist, was born. He later discovered the laws of gravity and motion.
Images for kids
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See also
In Spanish: 1643 para niños
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1643 Facts for Kids. Kiddle Encyclopedia.