July 13 facts for kids

July 13 is the 194th day of the year (195th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 171 days remain until the end of the year. July 13th is a day filled with many interesting historical events, from ancient battles and important political decisions to the births of famous people and the passing of others who shaped our world. Let's explore some of the key moments and individuals connected to this date!

Events That Shaped History

Important Moments Before 1600

• 1174 – William I, the King of Scotland, was captured by soldiers loyal to Henry II of England during a time of rebellion. This was a big moment in the revolt against King Henry.
• 1249 – Alexander III was officially crowned King of Scots in a special ceremony.
• 1260 – The Livonian Order suffered a major defeat in the Battle of Durbe against the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
• 1402 – The city of Nanjing peacefully surrendered to Zhu Di, which brought an end to the Jingnan campaign. The Jianwen Emperor disappeared, and his family was imprisoned.
• 1558 – In the Battle of Gravelines in France, Spanish forces, led by Count Lamoral of Egmont, defeated the French army.
• 1573 – The Siege of Haarlem ended after seven months during the Eighty Years' War.
• 1586 – During the Anglo–Spanish War, a group of English ships from the Levant Company successfully fought off a fleet of Spanish and Maltese ships near the island of Pantelleria.

Key Events from 1601 to 1900

• 1643 – In the English Civil War, the Royalist forces, led by Henry Wilmot, 1st Earl of Rochester, won a big victory against the Parliamentarian forces in the Battle of Roundway Down.
• 1787 – The Congress of the Confederation passed the Northwest Ordinance. This law set up rules for governing the Northwest Territory, explained how new states could join the country, and limited the spread of slavery.
• 1793 – Jean-Paul Marat, a French journalist and revolutionary, was assassinated.
• 1794 – The Battle of Trippstadt began between French forces and the armies of Prussia and Austria.
• 1814 – The Carabinieri, which is Italy's national police force, was created.
• 1830 – The Scottish Church College, an important school that helped start the Bengali Renaissance, was founded in Calcutta, India, by Alexander Duff and Raja Ram Mohan Roy.
• 1831 – Regulamentul Organic, a set of laws that acted like a constitution, was adopted in Wallachia. This region later became part of Romania.
• 1854 – In the Battle of Guaymas, Mexico, General José María Yáñez stopped a French invasion.
• 1863 – During the American Civil War, the New York City draft riots began. These riots lasted three days and are considered some of the worst in United States history.
• 1878 – The Treaty of Berlin was signed, where European powers redrew the map of the Balkans. Serbia, Montenegro, and Romania became fully independent from the Ottoman Empire.

Modern Events from 1901 to Today

• 1913 – A cholera outbreak began in the Romanian Army during the Second Balkan War.
• 1919 – The British airship R34 landed in England, completing the first round-trip airship journey across the Atlantic. It took 182 hours of flight!
• 1930 – The very first FIFA World Cup football tournament began in Uruguay.
• 1941 – During World War II, people in Montenegro started the Thirteenth of July Uprising, a large revolt against the Axis powers.
• 1951 – Vuoristorata, one of Europe's oldest wooden roller coasters still in use, opened at the Linnanmäki amusement park in Helsinki, Finland.
• 1956 – The Dartmouth workshop took place, which was the first conference ever held on artificial intelligence.
• 1962 – British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan made a surprising move by firing seven members of his Cabinet. This event is sometimes called the "Night of the Long Knives."
• 1973 – During the Watergate scandal, Alexander Butterfield revealed to investigators that there was a secret taping system in the Oval Office of the White House.
• 1977 – Somalia declared war on Ethiopia, starting the Ogaden War.
• 1977 – New York City experienced a major electrical blackout that lasted almost 24 hours, leading to many fires and looting.
• 1985 – The Live Aid benefit concert took place in London and Philadelphia, raising money for famine relief.
• 1985 – Vice President George H. W. Bush became the Acting President for the day while President Ronald Reagan had surgery.
• 1990 – The Lenin Peak disaster occurred when a 6.4-magnitude earthquake in Afghanistan caused a huge avalanche on Lenin Peak, killing 43 climbers. It was the deadliest mountaineering disaster in history.
• 2008 – The Battle of Wanat began in Afghanistan when Taliban and al-Qaeda fighters attacked US Army and Afghan National Army troops.
• 2011 – The United Nations Security Council Resolution 1999 was adopted, officially making South Sudan a member of the United Nations.
• 2013 – Typhoon Soulik caused at least nine deaths and affected over 160 million people in East China and Taiwan.
• 2014 – The German national football team won the 2014 FIFA World Cup by defeating Argentina 1-0 in the final after extra time.
• 2016 – Prime Minister of the United Kingdom David Cameron resigned, and Theresa May became the new Prime Minister.

People Born on This Day

Births Before 1600

• 1470 – Francesco Armellini Pantalassi de' Medici, a Catholic cardinal.
• 1478 – Giulio d'Este, an illegitimate son of an Italian noble.
• 1527 – John Dee, an English-Welsh mathematician, astronomer, and astrologer.
• 1579 – Arthur Dee, an English physician and chemist.
• 1590 – Pope Clement X.

Births from 1601 to 1900

• 1607 – Wenceslaus Hollar, a Czech-English painter and illustrator.
• 1608 – Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor.
• 1756 – Thomas Rowlandson, an English artist known for his caricatures.
• 1793 – John Clare, an English poet and author.
• 1821 – Nathan Bedford Forrest, an American general during the Civil War.
• 1841 – Otto Wagner, an Austrian architect who designed famous buildings like the Austrian Postal Savings Bank.
• 1863 – Margaret Murray, a British archaeologist and historian.
• 1864 – John Jacob Astor IV, a wealthy American businessman who died on the Titanic.
• 1886 – Father Edward J. Flanagan, who founded Boys Town, a famous home for children.
• 1889 – Stan Coveleski, an American baseball player.
• 1894 – Isaac Babel, a Russian short story writer and journalist.
• 1900 – George Lewis, an American clarinet player and songwriter.

Births from 1901 to Today

• 1903 – Kenneth Clark, an English art historian and author.
• 1909 – Souphanouvong, the first President of Laos.
• 1918 – Alberto Ascari, a famous Italian race car driver.
• 1922 – Anker Jørgensen, a Danish trade union leader and politician who became Prime Minister of Denmark.
• 1923 – Ashley Bryan, an American children's book author and illustrator.
• 1927 – Simone Veil, a French lawyer and politician who became President of the European Parliament.
• 1928 – Bob Crane, an American actor.
• 1934 – Wole Soyinka, a Nigerian author, poet, and playwright who won the Nobel Prize in Literature.
• 1934 – Aleksei Yeliseyev, a Russian engineer and astronaut.
• 1935 – Jack Kemp, an American football player and politician.
• 1940 – Patrick Stewart, a famous English actor, known for roles like Captain Picard and Professor X.
• 1941 – Robert Forster, an American actor and producer.
• 1942 – Harrison Ford, a well-known American actor, famous for playing Indiana Jones and Han Solo.
• 1942 – Roger McGuinn, an American singer-songwriter and guitarist.
• 1944 – Ernő Rubik, a Hungarian game designer who invented the Rubik's Cube.
• 1946 – Cheech Marin, an American actor and comedian.
• 1950 – Ma Ying-jeou, a Hong Kong-Taiwanese politician who became President of the Republic of China.
• 1951 – Didi Conn, an American actress and singer.
• 1953 – Gil Birmingham, an American actor.
• 1956 – Michael Spinks, an American boxer.
• 1957 – Cameron Crowe, an American director and screenwriter.
• 1960 – Ian Hislop, a Welsh-English journalist and screenwriter.
• 1961 – Anders Jarryd, a Swedish tennis player.
• 1962 – Tom Kenny, an American voice actor, known for SpongeBob SquarePants.
• 1969 – Ken Jeong, an American actor, comedian, and physician.
• 1971 – MF Doom, an English-American rapper.
• 1974 – Deborah Cox, a Canadian singer-songwriter and actress.
• 1974 – Jarno Trulli, an Italian race car driver.
• 1976 – Sheldon Souray, a Canadian ice hockey player.
• 1979 – Craig Bellamy, a Welsh footballer.
• 1982 – Shin-Soo Choo, a South Korean baseball player.
• 1982 – Yadier Molina, a Puerto Rican baseball player.
• 1983 – Liu Xiang, a Chinese hurdler.
• 1985 – Guillermo Ochoa, a Mexican footballer.
• 1985 – Charlotte Dujardin, an English equestrian.
• 1988 – Colton Haynes, an American actor and model.
• 1988 – DJ LeMahieu, an American baseball player.
• 1988 – Steven R. McQueen, an American actor and model.
• 1988 – Tulisa, an English singer-songwriter and actress.
• 1995 – Cody Bellinger, an American baseball player.
• 1995 – Dante Exum, an Australian basketball player.

Notable People Who Passed Away on This Day

Deaths Before 1600

• 574 – Pope John III.
• 716 – Rui Zong, a Chinese emperor.
• 858 – Æthelwulf, King of Wessex.
• 1024 – Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor.
• 1105 – Rashi, a famous French rabbi and commentator.
• 1205 – Hubert Walter, an English archbishop and politician.
• 1380 – Bertrand du Guesclin, a French nobleman and knight.
• 1399 – Peter Parler, a German architect who designed the St. Vitus Cathedral.

Deaths from 1601 to 1900

• 1621 – Albert VII, Archduke of Austria.
• 1755 – Edward Braddock, a Scottish general.
• 1762 – James Bradley, an English priest and astronomer.
• 1793 – Jean-Paul Marat, a Swiss-French physician and revolutionary.
• 1896 – August Kekulé, a German chemist known for his work on the structure of benzene.

Deaths from 1901 to Today

• 1921 – Gabriel Lippmann, a Luxembourger physicist who won the Nobel Prize.
• 1946 – Alfred Stieglitz, an American photographer.
• 1951 – Arnold Schoenberg, an Austrian-American composer.
• 1954 – Frida Kahlo, a famous Mexican painter.
• 1967 – Tom Simpson, an English cyclist.
• 1974 – Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett, an English physicist who won the Nobel Prize.
• 1980 – Seretse Khama, the first President of Botswana.
• 1993 – Davey Allison, an American race car driver.
• 2003 – Compay Segundo, a Cuban singer-songwriter.
• 2010 – George Steinbrenner, an American businessman and owner of the New York Yankees.
• 2013 – Cory Monteith, a Canadian actor and singer.
• 2014 – Nadine Gordimer, a South African novelist and activist who won the Nobel Prize in Literature.
• 2020 – Grant Imahara, an American electrical engineer and television host, known from MythBusters.
• 2020 – Zindzi Mandela, a South African politician and diplomat, and daughter of Nelson Mandela.

Holidays and Celebrations

• Christian Feast Days: Many Christian churches celebrate various saints and important figures on this day, including Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor and Silas.
• Feast of Kalimát: This is the first day of the seventh month in the Baháʼí calendar for followers of the Baháʼí Faith.
• Statehood Day (Montenegro): This day celebrates when Montenegro became a state.
• The Last Day of Naadam: This is the final day of a traditional festival in Mongolia that includes sports like wrestling, horse racing, and archery.
• Kashmir Martyrs' Day: Observed in Pakistan to remember those who died in Kashmir.

See also

In Spanish: 13 de julio para niños