November 30 facts for kids

November 30 is the 334th day of the year (335th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 31 days remain until the end of the year.

Today, November 30th, is a day filled with many interesting events throughout history, from important battles and peace treaties to the births of famous people and the launch of new technologies. It's a day when countries gained independence, and groundbreaking inventions changed the world. Let's explore some of the most notable moments that happened on this day!

Historical Events

Battles and Conflicts

• 978 – During a war between France and Germany, Emperor Otto II ended his attack on Paris and pulled his troops back.
• 1707 – In the Queen Anne's War, the second attack on Pensacola in Spanish Florida failed. The British Empire and their Creek allies could not capture the city.
• 1718 – King Charles XII of Sweden died during a siege (an attack to capture a fortress) of Fredriksten in Norway.
• 1782 – In the American Revolutionary War, representatives from the United States and Great Britain signed early peace agreements in Paris. These agreements later became the official Treaty of Paris in 1783, ending the war.
• 1853 – During the Crimean War, the Imperial Russian Navy completely destroyed the Ottoman fleet at Sinop, a port city in northern Turkey.
• 1864 – In the American Civil War, the Confederate Army of Tennessee suffered heavy losses during an attack on the Union Army of the Ohio in the Battle of Franklin.
• 1939 – World War II: The Soviet Red Army crossed into Finland and bombed several cities, including Helsinki. This started the Winter War.
• 1941 – The Holocaust: During World War II, the SS-Einsatzgruppen gathered about 25,000 Jewish people from the Riga Ghetto and killed them in the Rumbula massacre.
• 1942 – World War II: In the Battle of Tassafaronga, a smaller group of Imperial Japanese Navy destroyers defeated a U.S. Navy cruiser force.
• 1947 – The Civil War in Mandatory Palestine began. This conflict eventually led to the creation of the State of Israel and the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.
• 1995 – Operation Desert Storm, a major military operation, officially ended.

Important Discoveries and Changes

• 1786 – The Grand Duchy of Tuscany, led by Pietro Leopoldo I, became the first modern state to officially stop using the death penalty. This day is now remembered as Cities for Life Day.
• 1803 – The Balmis Expedition began in Spain. Its goal was to vaccinate millions of people against smallpox in Spanish America and the Philippines.
• 1803 – In New Orleans, Spanish officials formally handed over the Louisiana Territory to the French First Republic. This was a huge land transfer!
• 1872 – The first-ever international football match took place in Glasgow, Scotland, between the Scottish and English national teams.
• 1916 – Costa Rica signed the Buenos Aires Convention, an agreement about copyright (protecting creative works).
• 1936 – In London, the famous Crystal Palace building was destroyed by a fire.
• 1966 – Decolonization: Barbados became an independent country, no longer ruled by the United Kingdom.
• 1967 – Decolonization: South Yemen also gained its independence from the United Kingdom.
• 1967 – The Pakistan Peoples Party was founded by Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, who became its first leader.
• 1971 – Iran took control of the Greater and Lesser Tunbs islands from the Emirates of Sharjah and Ras Al Khaimah.
• 1972 – Vietnam War: The White House announced that there would be no more public updates on American troop withdrawals from Vietnam, as troop levels were very low.
• 1981 – Cold War: In Geneva, representatives from the United States and the Soviet Union started talks to reduce the number of nuclear weapons in Europe.
• 1999 – Exxon and Mobil agreed to merge, creating ExxonMobil, which became the world's largest company at the time.
• 1999 – In Seattle, protests against a World Trade Organization meeting caught police off guard and forced the cancellation of opening ceremonies.
• 1999 – British Aerospace and Marconi Electronic Systems merged to form BAE Systems, which became Europe's largest defense company.
• 2000 – NASA launched STS-97, the 101st Space Shuttle mission into space.
• 2005 – John Sentamu became the first black archbishop in the Church of England when he was made the 97th Archbishop of York.
• 2018 – A strong magnitude 7.1 earthquake near Anchorage, Alaska caused a lot of damage but thankfully no deaths.
• 2021 – Barbados changed its government from a monarchy to a republic.
• 2022 – The amazing AI chatbot ChatGPT was launched by OpenAI.

Famous Births

Many notable people were born on November 30th! Here are some of them:

Pre-1900

• 1427 – Casimir IV Jagiellon, who became the King of Poland.
• 1466 – Andrea Doria, a famous Italian admiral.
• 1508 – Andrea Palladio, a very influential Italian architect who designed famous buildings like the Church of San Giorgio Maggiore.
• 1667 – Jonathan Swift, a well-known Irish writer, famous for his satire and essays.
• 1756 – Ernst Chladni, a German physicist who studied sound and vibrations.
• 1810 – Oliver Winchester, an American businessman who founded the Winchester Repeating Arms Company.
• 1817 – Theodor Mommsen, a German historian and scholar who won the Nobel Prize in Literature.
• 1835 – Mark Twain, one of America's most beloved novelists, humorists, and critics, known for books like The Adventures of Tom Sawyer.
• 1858 – Jagadish Chandra Bose, an Indian physicist, biologist, and botanist.
• 1863 – Andrés Bonifacio, a Filipino activist who helped found the Katipunan movement for independence.
• 1869 – Gustaf Dalén, a Swedish physicist and engineer who won a Nobel Prize for his inventions in lighthouse technology.
• 1874 – Winston Churchill, a famous English politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom during World War II and won the Nobel Prize in Literature.
• 1874 – Lucy Maud Montgomery, a beloved English-Canadian author, famous for creating Anne of Green Gables.
• 1889 – Edgar Adrian, 1st Baron Adrian, an English physiologist who won a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on nerves.

1901–Present

• 1912 – Gordon Parks, an American photographer and director.
• 1915 & Henry Taube, a Canadian-American chemist who won a Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
• 1924 – Shirley Chisholm, an American activist, educator, and politician, who was the first black woman elected to the U.S. Congress.
• 1925 – William H. Gates, Sr., an American lawyer and philanthropist, and father of Bill Gates.
• 1929 – Dick Clark, a famous American television host and producer.
• 1929 – Joan Ganz Cooney, an American producer who helped create Sesame Street.
• 1935 – Woody Allen, an American actor, director, and screenwriter.
• 1936 – Abbie Hoffman, an American activist who co-founded the Youth International Party.
• 1937 – Ridley Scott, a well-known English director and producer, famous for movies like Alien and Blade Runner.
• 1952 – Mandy Patinkin, an American actor and singer.
• 1955 – Kevin Conroy, an American actor, famous for voicing Batman.
• 1955 – Billy Idol, a popular English singer-songwriter.
• 1957 – Colin Mochrie, a Scottish-Canadian comedian and actor.
• 1959 – Cherie Currie, an American singer and actress.
• 1960 – Gary Lineker, a famous English footballer and sportscaster.
• 1962 – Bo Jackson, an American athlete who played both professional football and baseball.
• 1965 – Fumihito, Prince Akishino, a member of the Japanese royal family.
• 1965 – Ben Stiller, a popular American actor, director, and screenwriter.
• 1973 – Christian Cage, a Canadian professional wrestler.
• 1977 – Steve Aoki, a famous American DJ and music producer.
• 1978 – Gael García Bernal, a well-known Mexican actor and producer.
• 1982 – Elisha Cuthbert, a Canadian actress.
• 1984 – Nigel de Jong, a Dutch footballer.
• 1985 – Kaley Cuoco, an American actress, known for her roles in TV shows.
• 1985 – Chrissy Teigen, an American model and TV personality.
• 1987 – Naomi, an American wrestler and dancer.
• 1987 – Daniel Noboa, the current President of Ecuador.
• 1990 – Magnus Carlsen, a Norwegian chess grandmaster, considered one of the greatest chess players of all time.

Notable Deaths

Here are some of the famous people who passed away on November 30th:

Pre-1900

• 1016 – Edmund Ironside, an English king.
• 1603 – William Gilbert, an English scientist who studied magnetism.
• 1694 & Marcello Malpighi, an Italian physician and biologist, known for his work on anatomy.
• 1718 – Charles XII of Sweden, the King of Sweden.
• 1900 – Oscar Wilde, a famous Irish playwright, novelist, and poet, known for his wit and works like The Picture of Dorian Gray.

1901–Present

• 1930 – Mary Harris Jones, an American labor organizer, known as "Mother Jones," who fought for workers' rights.
• 1935 – Fernando Pessoa, a very important Portuguese poet and philosopher.
• 1954 – Wilhelm Furtwängler, a renowned German conductor.
• 1979 – Zeppo Marx, an American actor and comedian, one of the Marx Brothers.
• 1996 – Tiny Tim, an American singer and ukulele player.
• 2013 – Paul Walker, an American actor, known for his roles in the Fast & Furious film series.
• 2018 – George H. W. Bush, the 41st President of the United States.
• 2022 – Jiang Zemin, a former leader of China.
• 2022 – Christine McVie, an English singer-songwriter and keyboard player, known for her work with Fleetwood Mac.
• 2023 – Shane MacGowan, an Irish singer-songwriter and frontman of the band The Pogues.

Holidays and Observances

• Bonifacio Day (Philippines)
• Christian feast day:
  • Andrew and its related observances.
  • Joseph Marchand (one of Vietnamese Martyrs)
  • November 30 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Commemoration Day (United Arab Emirates)
• Day to Mark the Departure and Expulsion of Jews from the Arab Countries and Iran (Israel)
• Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Barbados from the United Kingdom in 1966.
• National Day (Benin)
• Regina Mundi Day (South Africa)
• Saint Andrew's Day (Scotland)

See also

In Spanish: 30 de noviembre para niños