October 14 facts for kids

October 14th is a day filled with many important events throughout history, from ancient battles to modern scientific achievements. It's a day when leaders were born, new inventions changed the world, and significant moments shaped nations.

Historic Events

Early Times (Before 1600)

• 1066 – The Norman conquest of England began with the famous Battle of Hastings. This battle changed England's history forever.
• 1322 – Robert the Bruce, the King of Scotland, defeated King Edward II of England at the Battle of Old Byland. This victory made England accept Scotland's independence.
• 1586 – Mary, Queen of Scots, faced a trial because she was accused of planning against Queen Elizabeth I of England.

Big Changes (1601–1900)

• 1656 – In the Massachusetts Bay Colony, new laws were made against the Religious Society of Friends, also known as Quakers.
• 1758 – During the Seven Years' War, Frederick the Great lost a battle at Battle of Hochkirch. This was a rare defeat for him.
• 1773 – The first official education department, called the Commission of National Education, was created in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
• 1774 – In the lead-up to the American Revolution, the First Continental Congress spoke out against unfair British laws and demanded changes.
• 1791 – The revolutionary group called the United Irishmen was formed in Ireland. This group later led to a major rebellion in 1798.
• 1805 – During the War of the Third Coalition, a French army defeated Austrian forces who were trying to escape at Ulm.
• 1806 – In the War of the Fourth Coalition, Napoleon's army strongly defeated Prussia at the Battle of Jena–Auerstedt.
• 1808 – The Republic of Ragusa, a small state, was taken over by France.
• 1843 – Irish leader Daniel O'Connell was arrested by the British government.
• 1863 – During the American Civil War, Confederate soldiers tried but failed to completely push the Union Army out of Virginia.
• 1884 – George Eastman received a patent for his new paper-strip photographic film, which made photography much easier.
• 1888 – Louis Le Prince filmed what is considered the first ever motion picture, called Roundhay Garden Scene.
• 1898 – The steamship SS Mohegan sank near Lizard peninsula in England, and 106 people lost their lives.

Modern Era (1901–Present)

• 1908 – The Chicago Cubs won the 1908 World Series. This was a huge win for them, and it would be their last World Series victory until 2016!
• 1910 – English pilot Claude Grahame-White landed his aircraft near the White House in Washington, D.C.
• 1912 – Former president Theodore Roosevelt was shot and wounded, but he still gave his planned speech with the bullet inside him.
• 1913 – The Senghenydd colliery disaster, the worst coal mining accident in the United Kingdom, killed 439 miners.
• 1915 – In World War I, Bulgaria joined the Central Powers.
• 1920 – Finland and Soviet Russia signed the Treaty of Tartu, which settled some land disputes between them.
• 1923 – After the Irish Civil War, thousands of Irish republican prisoners went on hunger strike to protest being held without a trial.
• 1930 – K. J. Ståhlberg, the first President of Finland, and his wife were kidnapped from their home by a far-right group.
• 1933 – Germany decided to leave the League of Nations and the World Disarmament Conference.
• 1939 – During World War II, a German submarine sank the British battleship HMS Royal Oak in Scotland.
• 1940 – In World War II, the Balham underground station disaster killed sixty-six people during the London Blitz.
• 1943 – In the Sobibor extermination camp, prisoners bravely rebelled, killing many officers and staging a mass escape.
• 1947 – Chuck Yeager became the first person to fly faster than the speed of sound.
• 1949 – In the United States, eleven leaders of the Communist Party were found guilty of planning to overthrow the government.
• 1952 – The Battle of Triangle Hill was the largest and most intense battle of the Korean War in 1952.
• 1956 – Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, a leader for India's "Untouchable" caste, converted to Buddhism along with many followers.
• 1962 – The Cuban Missile Crisis began when an American spy plane took photos of Soviet missiles being set up in Cuba.
• 1964 – Martin Luther King Jr. received the Nobel Peace Prize for his peaceful fight against racial inequality.
• 1964 – Nikita Khrushchev "voluntarily" retired from his leadership roles in the Soviet Union.
• 1966 – The city of Montreal opened its underground train system, the Montreal Metro.
• 1968 – The Apollo 7 crew made the first live television broadcast from American astronauts in space.
• 1968 – Jim Hines became the first man to run the 100-meter sprint in under 10 seconds.
• 1973 – In Thailand, over 100,000 people protested against the military government. Many were killed or injured.
• 1979 – The first National March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights brought together about 100,000 people.
• 1981 – Hosni Mubarak was elected as the President of Egypt.
• 1982 – U.S. President Ronald Reagan announced a "War on Drugs."
• 1991 – Burmese opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
• 1994 – Yasser Arafat, Yitzhak Rabin, and Shimon Peres received the Nobel Peace Prize for their work on the Oslo Accords, which aimed for peace in the Middle East.
• 2003 – The Steve Bartman Incident happened at a baseball game in Chicago, Illinois.
• 2012 – Felix Baumgartner successfully jumped to Earth from a balloon high up in the stratosphere, breaking several records.
• 2014 – A severe snowstorm and avalanche in the Nepalese Himalayas killed 43 people.
• 2017 – A huge truck bombing in Somalia killed 358 people and injured many more.
• 2021 – About 10,000 American employees of John Deere went on strike.

Famous Births

Born Before 1600

• 1257 – Przemysł II of Poland.
• 1404 – Marie of Anjou, a French queen.
• 1425 – Alesso Baldovinetti, an Italian painter.
• 1465 – Konrad Peutinger, a German scholar who studied ancient times.
• 1542 – Philip IV, Count of Nassau-Weilburg.
• 1563 – Jodocus Hondius, a Flemish mapmaker.
• 1569 – Giambattista Marino, an Italian poet.

Born Between 1601 and 1900

• 1630 – Sophia of Hanover, a German princess.
• 1633 – James II of England, a King of England, Scotland, and Ireland.
• 1644 – William Penn, an English businessman who founded Pennsylvania in America.
• 1712 – George Grenville, a British Prime Minister.
• 1784 – Ferdinand VII of Spain, a King of Spain.
• 1801 – Joseph Plateau, a Belgian physicist who invented the Phenakistiscope, an early animation device.
• 1840 – Dmitry Pisarev, a Russian writer and critic.
• 1861 – Julia A. Ames, an American journalist and reformer.
• 1867 – Masaoka Shiki, a Japanese poet.
• 1871 – Alexander von Zemlinsky, an Austrian composer.
• 1882 – Éamon de Valera, an American-Irish politician who became the 3rd President of Ireland.
• 1888 – Katherine Mansfield, a famous New Zealand writer.
• 1890 – Dwight D. Eisenhower, an American general who became the 34th President of the United States.
• 1893 – Lillian Gish, a pioneering American actress.
• 1894 – E. E. Cummings, an American poet.
• 1894 – Victoria Drummond, a British marine engineer.
• 1900 – W. Edwards Deming, an American statistician and author.

Born After 1900

• 1906 – Hannah Arendt, a German-American philosopher.
• 1910 – John Wooden, a legendary American basketball coach.
• 1911 – Lê Đức Thọ, a Vietnamese general and politician who won the Nobel Peace Prize.
• 1914 – Raymond Davis Jr., an American physicist who won a Nobel Prize.
• 1916 – C. Everett Koop, the 13th United States Surgeon General.
• 1927 – Roger Moore, a famous English actor, known for playing James Bond.
• 1930 – Mobutu Sese Seko, a soldier and politician who became President of Zaire.
• 1938 – Farah Pahlavi, the Empress of Iran.
• 1939 – Ralph Lauren, a famous American fashion designer.
• 1940 – Cliff Richard, a popular English singer.
• 1943 – Mohammad Khatami, the 5th President of Iran.
• 1946 – Justin Hayward, an English singer and guitarist.
• 1946 – Craig Venter, an American biologist and geneticist.
• 1952 – Harry Anderson, an American actor.
• 1958 – Thomas Dolby, an English singer and producer.
• 1965 – Steve Coogan, an English actor and comedian.
• 1968 – Matthew Le Tissier, an English footballer.
• 1973 – George Floyd, an American man whose death led to global protests.
• 1974 – Natalie Maines, an American singer.
• 1978 – Usher, a famous American singer and actor.
• 1979 – Stacy Keibler, an American wrestler and actress.
• 1980 – Ben Whishaw, an English actor.
• 1981 – Gautam Gambhir, an Indian cricketer.
• 1983 – Lin Dan, a Chinese badminton player.
• 1984 – Alex Scott, an English footballer.
• 1988 – Glenn Maxwell, an Australian cricketer.
• 1992 – Ahmed Musa, a Nigerian footballer.
• 1993 – Ashton Agar, an Australian cricketer.
• 1994 – Jared Goff, an American football player.
• 1998 – Ariela Barer, an American actress.
• 1999 – Quinn Hughes, an American ice hockey player.
• 2001 – Rowan Blanchard, an American actress.

Notable Deaths

Died Before 1600

• 996 – Al-Aziz Billah, a Fatimid caliph.
• 1066 – During the Battle of Hastings, Harold Godwinson, the English king, and his brothers Leofwine Godwinson and Gyrth Godwinson were killed.
• 1092 – Nizam al-Mulk, a Persian scholar and politician.
• 1184 – Yusuf I, an Almohad caliph.
• 1240 – Razia Sultana, the only female sultan of Delhi.
• 1318 – Edward Bruce, the High King of Ireland.
• 1536 – Garcilaso de la Vega, a Spanish poet.
• 1568 – Jacques Arcadelt, a Dutch composer.

Died Between 1601 and 1900

• 1619 – Samuel Daniel, an English poet and historian.
• 1631 – Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow, a queen of Denmark and Norway.
• 1669 – Antonio Cesti, an Italian composer.
• 1703 – Thomas Kingo, a Danish bishop and poet.
• 1831 – Jean-Louis Pons, a French astronomer.

Died After 1900

• 1911 – John Marshall Harlan, an American lawyer.
• 1929 – Henri Berger, a German composer.
• 1944 – Erwin Rommel, a German field marshal during World War II.
• 1958 – Douglas Mawson, an Australian geologist and explorer.
• 1959 – Errol Flynn, a famous Australian-American actor.
• 1960 – Abram Ioffe, a Russian physicist.
• 1961 – Paul Ramadier, a French politician who served as Prime Minister.
• 1977 – Bing Crosby, a beloved American singer and actor.
• 1984 – Martin Ryle, an English astronomer and physicist who won a Nobel Prize.
• 1990 – Leonard Bernstein, a famous American pianist, composer, and conductor.
• 1999 – Julius Nyerere, the first President of Tanzania.
• 2006 – Freddy Fender, an American singer.
• 2010 – Benoit Mandelbrot, a Polish-American mathematician known for fractals.
• 2012 – Arlen Specter, an American politician.
• 2013 – Bruno Metsu, a French football manager.
• 2014 – Elizabeth Peña, an American actress.
• 2015 – Mathieu Kérékou, a soldier and politician who was President of Benin.
• 2019 – Harold Bloom, an American literary critic.
• 2019 – Sulli, a South Korean actress and singer.
• 2022 – Robbie Coltrane, a Scottish actor, known for playing Hagrid in the Harry Potter films.

Holidays and Observances

• Christian feast day:
  • Angadrisma
  • Fortunatus of Todi
  • Joseph Schereschewsky (Episcopal Church (USA))
  • Pope Callixtus I
  • October 14 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
  • Intercession of the Theotokos
• Day of the Cathedral of the Living Pillar (Georgian Orthodox Church)
• Mother's Day (Belarus)
• National Education Day (Poland), formerly Teachers' Day
• Nyerere Day (Tanzania)
• Second Revolution Day (Yemen)
• World Standards Day (International)

See also

In Spanish: 14 de octubre para niños