Francisco Luis Héctor de Carondelet facts for kids
Quick facts for kids
The Most Excellent
The Baron of Carondelet
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Portrait by unknown artist
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| 2nd Spanish Governor of San Salvador | |
| In office 1789–1791 |
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| Monarch | Charles IV |
| Preceded by | José Ortiz de la Peña |
| Succeeded by | José Antonio María de Aguilar |
| 7th Spanish Governor of Louisiana | |
| In office 1791–1797 |
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| Monarch | Charles IV |
| Preceded by | Esteban Rodríguez Miró |
| Succeeded by | Manuel Gayoso de Lemos |
| 27th President of the Real Audiencia of Quito |
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| In office 1799–1807 |
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| Monarch | Charles IV |
| Preceded by | Luis Antonio de Guzmán |
| Succeeded by | Manuel Ruiz Urriés de Castilla |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
Francisco Luis Héctor de Carondelet y Bosoist
July 29, 1748 Noyelles-sur-Selle, French Flanders, France |
| Died | August 10, 1807 (aged 59) Quito, Ecuador |
| Resting place | Cathedral of Quito |
| Spouse | Maria Concepción Castaños y Aragorri |
| Parents | Jean Louis de Carondelet and Marie Angélique Bernarde de Rasoir |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  Viceroyalty of New Spain Kingdom of Spain |
| Branch/service | Spanish Army |
| Battles/wars | American Revolutionary War |
Francisco Luis Héctor de Carondelet y Bosoist was an important Spanish leader. He worked for the Spanish Empire and held several high-ranking positions. He was born in 1748 in Flanders and passed away in 1807 in Quito, Ecuador. He was also a special knight, known as a Knight of Malta.
Contents
Biography of Carondelet
Early Life and Military Service
Francisco de Carondelet began serving the King of Spain in 1762. He was only fifteen years old at the time. By 1781, he was a commander in the army. His division fought in the Siege of Pensacola in 1781. This was a major battle during the American Revolutionary War.
After returning to Spain in 1787, he became an Infantry Colonel. He also joined the Order of Malta. During this time, he married Maria Concepción Castaños y Aragorri. Her family was very powerful at the royal court.
Governor of El Salvador (1789 – 1791)
In 1789, Carondelet was chosen to be the governor of El Salvador. The local native population who worked in the indigo industry had become much smaller. Indigo is a plant used to make blue dye.
To help the industry, Carondelet brought in Spanish workers. Some people in Chalatenango Department today are their descendants. They are known for having fair skin and blonde hair.
Governor of Louisiana (1791 – 1797)
After his time in El Salvador, Carondelet became the governor of Louisiana and West Florida. These were Spanish colonies. He served from 1791 to 1797.
Since French was his first language, the French Creole people liked him. He started Louisiana's first newspaper, called Le Moniteur. He also made many improvements in New Orleans. These included the Carondelet Canal and the city's first street lights. The people who took care of the street lights also acted as watchmen and police.
Around 1793, he gave land near Cape Girardeau, Missouri, to a group of Shawnee Native Americans. This group was led by Black Bob.
Dealing with U.S. Expansion
Carondelet was worried about the United States expanding westward. He was involved in a disagreement called the West Florida Controversy. This was about the border between West Florida and the United States.
He wanted to stop the U.S. from getting full access to the Mississippi River. Spanish officials feared this would threaten Louisiana's independence. Carondelet worked with Native American tribes. He managed to slow down American expansion for several years.
However, the U.S. eventually signed Pinckney's Treaty in 1795. This treaty was also known as the Treaty of San Lorenzo. It created a friendly relationship between the U.S. and Spain. It also set the borders between the U.S. and the Spanish colonies. The treaty gave the United States rights to use the Mississippi River for travel.
New Rules for Enslaved People
When Carondelet started his job, he had to deal with an uprising. This was the Mina uprising near New Roads. He also took office right after the start of the Haitian Revolution.
Carondelet was concerned that treating enslaved people badly could cause more rebellions. So, he quickly introduced a new set of rules for enslaved people. This code gave some protection to enslaved people. It set standards for how much and what kind of food and clothing they should receive.
This idea caused some disagreement with the slaveholders. Carondelet then built stronger relationships with enslaved people and free people of color. He gave military positions to 29 free men of color. He was proud of the three military companies he formed with soldiers of African descent.
President of the Real Audiencia de Quito (1799 – 1807)
After his time in Louisiana, Carondelet became the President of the Real Audiencia de Quito. He served from 1799 until his death in 1807. This area included parts of present-day Ecuador, Peru, and Colombia.
He was known as a fair and moderate person. He avoided being arrogant or unfair, which was common for officials at the time. In 1803, he helped naturalists Alexander von Humboldt and Aimé Bonpland. They visited Quito to study nature.
Carondelet was an educated man with modern interests. He also helped the naturalist Francisco José de Caldas and the speaker José Mejía Lequerica.
In 1803, there were Native American uprisings in Guamote, Columbe, and Yaruquies. Carondelet rewarded José Leandro Zepla y Oro, a local leader, for his loyalty. In 1805, he gave him a position in the government of Riobamba.
Carondelet also improved the road to Guayaquil. He supported the building of the dome of the Cathedral of Quito. After he passed away on August 10, 1807, he was buried in the Cathedral.
Places Named After Carondelet
Many places in North and South America are named after Francisco de Carondelet:
- The Carondelet Canal in New Orleans was built because he ordered it. It was named for him.
- The canal was filled in during the 1930s. Its turning basin gave the name to Basin Street.
- Carondelet Street in New Orleans.
- Carondelet Farm in San Diego, California, is named after the New Orleans street.
- Carondelet Street in Mandeville, Louisiana.
- Carondelet, a neighborhood in St. Louis, Missouri.
- Fort Carondelet, a fort on the Osage River in Vernon County, Missouri.
- Carondelet Presidential Palace in Quito, Ecuador.
- Carondelet Street in Dallas, TX. This street no longer exists.
See also
In Spanish: Francisco Luis Héctor de Carondelet para niños
