Minerva facts for kids
Minerva ( Etruscan: Menrva) is the Roman goddess of wisdom, justice, law, victory, and the sponsor of arts, trade, and strategy. She is also a goddess of warfare.
Her domain includes music, poetry, medicine, wisdom, commerce, weaving, and the crafts. Minerva is often depicted with her sacred creature, an owl usually named the "owl of Minerva", which symbolised her association with wisdom and knowledge. She is commonly depicted as tall with an athletic and muscular build. She is often wearing armour and carrying a spear. As an important Roman goddess, she is highly revered, honored, and respected.
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Origin
The myth of Minerva's birth follows that of Athena. Jupiter fell in love with the titaness Metis. When Metis was about to give birth to their child, Jupiter recalled the prophecy that his own child would overthrow him, just as he himself had overthrown his father Saturn, and in turn, Saturn had overthrown his father Caelus. Fearing that their child would be male, and would grow stronger than he was and rule the Heavens in his place, Jupiter swallowed Metis whole after tricking her into turning herself into a fly. The Titaness gave birth to Minerva and forged weapons and armour for her child while within Jupiter's body. The constant pounding and ringing left Jupiter with agonizing pain. To relieve the pain, Vulcan used a hammer to split Jupiter's head and, from the cleft, Minerva emerged, as a grown adult and in full battle armour.
Attributes and symbols
Minerva is often depicted wearing a helmet, a symbol of her military prowess and strategic thinking. The helmet is often adorned with intricate designs, reflecting her connection to artistry and craftsmanship. She carries a spear, representing her role as a warrior goddess, and a shield, often the aegis, a shield adorned with the head of Medusa, a symbol of protection and power. The owl, a creature known for its wisdom and keen eyesight, is her sacred animal. The olive tree, a symbol of peace and prosperity, is also associated with her.
Roles
Minerva's influence extended far beyond the battlefield. She was the patron goddess of numerous crafts and skills. Weaving, pottery, metalworking, and medicine were all under her protection. Artists and artisans would pray to her for inspiration, skill, and success in their endeavors. Her patronage extended to education and learning, making her a beloved figure among scholars and students. The Romans believed that Minerva guided their intellectual pursuits, fostering creativity and innovation.
Minerva in Roman life
Minerva's importance in Roman society is evident in the numerous temples, festivals, and rituals dedicated to her. The most famous temple dedicated to Minerva was located on the Capitoline Hill in Rome, one of the seven hills of Rome, alongside temples dedicated to Jupiter and Juno, forming a powerful triad of deities. This location highlights her elevated status within the Roman pantheon. The temple was a magnificent structure. The construction of this temple likely began in the 6th century BC. The temple underwent several reconstructions and renovations throughout Roman history.
The Romans celebrated Minerva with festivals throughout the year, the most significant being the Quinquatrus, a five-day festival held in March. This festival was a time for celebrating crafts and skills, with artisans and students participating in processions and offerings to the goddess. The festival included games, competitions, and sacrifices, all aimed at honoring Minerva and seeking her blessings.
In art and literature
Minerva's image is ubiquitous in Roman art and literature. She is depicted in countless sculptures, mosaics, and frescoes, often showcasing her attributes and roles. Her helmet, spear, shield, and owl are recurring motifs, instantly identifying her in artistic representations. Roman writers frequently invoked Minerva in their works, highlighting her wisdom, strategic thinking, and protective nature. Her image appeared on coins, further emphasizing her importance in Roman society. The artistic representations of Minerva often reflect the specific context and purpose of the artwork, whether it's a celebration of military victory, a dedication to craftsmanship, or a simple expression of reverence.
Legacy
Minerva's influence extends far beyond ancient Rome. Her name and attributes have resonated throughout history, inspiring artists, writers, and thinkers. The word "Minerva" itself has become synonymous with wisdom, intelligence, and strategic thinking.
Interesting facts about Minerva
- The name Minerva stems from Proto-Italic *meneswo ("intelligent, understanding"), and ultimately from Proto-Indo-European (PIE) *menos ("thought").
- Minerva is thought to have invented the flute by piercing holes into boxwood.
- She is featured on the coinage of different Roman emperors.
- The Seal of California depicts the goddess.
- The U.S Military Medal of Honor for the Army, Navy/Marine Corps, and Coast Guard depicts Minerva in the center of it.
Related pages
- Menrva - Etruscan mythology version of Minerva
- Athena - Greek mythology version of Minerva
Images for kids
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Mosaic of the Minerva of Peace in the Library of Congress
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Fresco of Minerva (helmeted figure on right) from the Villa San Marco, Stabiae (1st century AD)
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Raised-relief image of Minerva on a Roman gilt silver bowl, first century BC
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A head of "Sulis-Minerva" found in the ruins of the Roman baths in Bath
See also
In Spanish: Minerva para niños
 | Isaac Myers |
 | D. Hamilton Jackson |
 | A. Philip Randolph |
