1391 facts for kids

The year 1391 was a time of big changes around the world. Empires fought battles, new leaders took charge, and important discoveries were made. This year saw events from fierce battles in Russia to new inventions in China. It was a year that shaped history in many places.

Important Events of 1391

Battles and Leaders

• On July 18, a major battle happened in what is now southeast Russia. A powerful leader named Timur won against Tokhtamysh from the Golden Horde. This was part of a big war between them.
• Manuel II Palaiologos became the new Byzantine Emperor. This happened after his father, John V Palaiologos, passed away. The Byzantine Empire was a very old and important empire.
• Yusuf II took over as the Nasrid Sultan of Granada in southern Spain. He followed Muhammed V as the ruler.
• Stjepan Dabiša became the King of Bosnia. He took over from his uncle, Stefan Tvrtko I.
• Shah Mansur became the new leader of the Muzaffarid Empire in central Persia. This area was controlled by the Timurids at the time.
• A group of Muzaffarids, led by Zafar Khan Muzaffar, started a new Sultanate. This new kingdom was in Gujarat in western India.
• Vytautas the Great, who wanted to be the ruler of Lithuania, made an alliance. He joined forces with Muscovy, a powerful state in Russia.
• Roman I became the Prince of Moldavia. This region is now part of Moldova and eastern Romania. He took over from Petru I.
• Konrad von Wallenrode became the Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights. This was a powerful military and religious group.

Other Key Happenings

• On August 5, sad events happened in Toledo, Spain and Barcelona. There were riots against Jewish people. Many Jews left Barcelona after these terrible events. However, a large number still stayed in the city.
• Bridget of Sweden was made a saint by Pope Boniface IX. This is a special honor given by the Catholic Church.
• Pirates called Ushkuiniks from Novgorod attacked towns in Muscovy. They raided Zhukotin and Kazan.
• The Chinese people invented something very useful. They created toilet paper for their Emperors to use.
• Henry I Sinclair, Earl of Orkney, took control of some islands. He gained power over the Shetland Islands and the Faroe Islands.
• The University of Ferrara was founded. This new university was started in what is now Italy.

People Born in 1391

• October 31 – King Edward of Portugal was born.
• November 6 – Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March, an English politician, was born.
• Gedun Drub, the 1st Dalai Lama, was born. He was a very important spiritual leader.
• Michelozzo, a famous Italian architect and sculptor, was born.
• Zhu Quan, a Chinese military leader, historian, and writer, was born.
• Thomas West, 2nd Baron West was born.

People Who Died in 1391

• February 16 – John V Palaeologus, the Byzantine Emperor, passed away.
• Muhammed V, the Sultan of Granada, died.
• King Stefan Tvrtko I of Bosnia passed away.
• November 1 – Amadeus VII of Savoy died.
• Nicholas Cabasilas, a Byzantine writer and religious thinker, passed away.