Alain Juppé facts for kids
Quick facts for kids
Alain Juppé
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Juppé in 2015
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| Member of the Constitutional Council | |
| Assumed office 12 March 2019 |
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| Appointed by | Richard Ferrand |
| President | Laurent Fabius |
| Preceded by | Lionel Jospin |
| Prime Minister of France | |
| In office 17 May 1995 – 2 June 1997 |
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| President | Jacques Chirac |
| Preceded by | Édouard Balladur |
| Succeeded by | Lionel Jospin |
| Minister of Foreign and European Affairs | |
| In office 27 February 2011 – 15 May 2012 |
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| President | Nicolas Sarkozy |
| Prime Minister | François Fillon |
| Preceded by | Michèle Alliot-Marie |
| Succeeded by | Laurent Fabius |
| In office 29 March 1993 – 18 May 1995 |
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| Prime Minister | Édouard Balladur |
| Preceded by | Roland Dumas |
| Succeeded by | Hervé de Charette |
| Minister of Defence and Veterans Affairs | |
| In office 14 November 2010 – 27 February 2011 |
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| President | Nicolas Sarkozy |
| Prime Minister | François Fillon |
| Preceded by | Hervé Morin (Defence) |
| Succeeded by | Gérard Longuet |
| Minister of Ecology and Sustainable Development | |
| In office 18 May 2007 – 18 June 2007 |
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| President | Nicolas Sarkozy |
| Prime Minister | François Fillon |
| Preceded by | Nelly Olin (Environment) |
| Succeeded by | Jean-Louis Borloo (Ecology, Energy, Sustainable Development and Sea) |
| Mayor of Bordeaux | |
| In office 8 October 2006 – 7 March 2019 |
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| Preceded by | Hugues Martin |
| Succeeded by | Nicolas Florian |
| In office 19 June 1995 – 13 December 2004 |
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| Preceded by | Jacques Chaban-Delmas |
| Succeeded by | Hugues Martin |
| Spokesperson of the Government | |
| In office 20 March 1986 – 10 May 1988 |
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| Prime Minister | Jacques Chirac |
| Preceded by | Georgina Dufoix |
| Succeeded by | Claude Évin |
| Delegate Minister of the Budget | |
| In office 20 March 1986 – 10 May 1988 |
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| Prime Minister | Jacques Chirac |
| Preceded by | Henri Emmanuelli |
| Succeeded by | Pierre Bérégovoy |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
Alain Marie Juppé
15 August 1945 Mont-de-Marsan, Aquitaine, France |
| Political party | RPR (before 2002) UMP (2002–15) The Republicans (2015–18) |
| Spouses |
Christine Leblond
(m. 1965; div. 1993)Isabelle Legrand-Bodin
(m. 1993) |
| Children | 3 |
| Alma mater | École normale supérieure Sciences Po École nationale d'administration |
Alain Marie Juppé (born 15 August 1945) is a French politician. He has held many important roles in the French government. He was the Prime Minister of France from 1995 to 1997 under President Jacques Chirac. During this time, he faced big strikes that caused problems across the country. He left office after his party lost the 1997 elections.
Before becoming Prime Minister, Juppé served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1993 to 1995. He was also the Minister of the Budget and a spokesperson for the government from 1986 to 1988. He led a political party called the Union for a Popular Movement (UMP) from 2002 to 2004. He was also the mayor of Bordeaux for many years, from 1995 to 2004, and again from 2006 to 2019.
After a period away from politics, Juppé was re-elected as mayor of Bordeaux in 2006. He briefly served as Minister of State for Ecology in 2007 but resigned after not being re-elected in the 2007 legislative election. He later became Minister of Defence from 2010 to 2011 and Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2011 to 2012.
In 2015, Juppé decided to run for his party's primary election to become a candidate for the 2017 presidential election. He finished second in the first round and lost to François Fillon in the final round. In 2019, he became a member of the French Constitutional Council, which meant he had to step down as mayor of Bordeaux.
Contents
Early Life and Education
Alain Marie Juppé was born on 15 August 1945, in Mont-de-Marsan, a town in France. His father, Robert Juppé, was a farmer who had fought in the French Resistance during World War II. His mother, Marie Darroze, was the daughter of a judge.
Alain Juppé finished his high school studies at the Lycée Victor-Duruy. When he was 17, he earned his Baccalauréat, which is a French high school diploma. He then moved to Paris to continue his studies.
He attended several top French schools. In 1964, he entered the École Normale Supérieure (ENS), where he studied Classics. He also studied at Sciences Po (graduating in 1968) and the École nationale d'administration (ENA) from 1970 to 1972. These schools are known for training future leaders and civil servants in France. Before starting his career, he completed his required military service from 1969 to 1970.
Political Career
Starting in Politics (1976–1986)
Alain Juppé's first job was as an Inspector of Finances, a high-level position in the French government. He later took time off from this job to serve in elected and appointed political roles.
In the late 1970s, he met Jacques Chirac, who was a major political figure. Juppé became an advisor to Chirac in the city council of Paris. He joined the RPR political party when it was founded in 1976.
Juppé tried to get elected in 1978 and 1979 but was not successful at first. He then moved to Paris to work closely with Jacques Chirac. In 1979, he was elected to the national board of the RPR party. Two years later, he helped manage Chirac's campaign for the 1981 presidential election.
Juppé also helped create a group called Club 89, which was like a think tank. It helped prepare the RPR-UDF alliance for the 1986 legislative elections. When this alliance won, President Mitterrand appointed Jacques Chirac as his Prime Minister.
Serving in the Cabinet (1986–1995)
From 1986 to 1988, Alain Juppé was the Minister of Budget and a spokesperson for Jacques Chirac's government. He helped with the government's economic policies during these years. He also played a key role in Chirac's 1988 presidential campaign.
After this, he became the secretary general of the Rally for the Republic (RPR) from 1988 to 1995. His job was to keep Chirac as the main leader of the party. In 1989, he led the RPR-UDF alliance for the European elections.
In 1992, Juppé and Chirac supported the Maastricht Treaty, which was important for European unity and the creation of the Euro. This was a big decision, as many members of their party did not agree with it.
In 1993, Juppé became the Minister of Foreign Affairs under Prime Minister Édouard Balladur. He supported France's involvement in Rwanda to help save lives during a difficult time. He defended the Turquoise Operation at the United Nations. Many people considered him one of France's best Foreign Ministers. In the 1995 presidential election, he supported Jacques Chirac, who then won the election.
Prime Minister of France (1995–1997)
Because he supported Jacques Chirac, Alain Juppé became Prime Minister in 1995. He also became the leader of the RPR party. President Chirac famously said that Juppé was "the best among us."
In late 1995, Juppé proposed changes to public services. These plans led to large strikes across France. He eventually had to change his plans. In 1997, President Chirac called for new legislative elections, but his party lost. Alain Juppé was then replaced by Lionel Jospin as Prime Minister. Juppé also stepped down as the leader of the RPR.
He worked to unite all the center-right parties behind Jacques Chirac. He helped create the Union for a Popular Movement (UMP), and he was its first president from 2002 to 2004.
While serving in the National Assembly, Juppé was elected Mayor of Bordeaux in 1995. He took over from former Prime Minister Jacques Chaban-Delmas.
Returning to Public Life (2006–2010)
Alain Juppé was re-elected as Mayor of Bordeaux in October 2006. This showed that voters still supported him after he had taken a break from politics.
In May 2007, he was appointed Minister of State for Ecology and Sustainable Development in the government of François Fillon. This was a very important position, making him the second-highest-ranking minister. It was rare for a former Prime Minister to return as a minister in another government.
Juppé ran in the 2007 legislative elections but did not win. Because of this, he resigned from the government. Prime Minister Fillon had said that any minister who ran in these elections and lost would have to leave the government.
On 9 March 2008, Juppé was re-elected as Mayor of Bordeaux, winning a strong majority of the votes in the first round.
Back in Government (2010–2012)
In 2010, after his party had a disappointing result in regional elections, President Nicolas Sarkozy asked Alain Juppé to return to the government. Juppé accepted the role of Minister of Defense.
In 2011, Juppé was appointed Foreign Minister. This was during the time of the Arab Spring, a series of protests and uprisings in Arab countries. He supported a military intervention in Libya. In November 2011, he stated that the Syrian government would soon fall and that its leader, Bashar al-Assad, should face international justice.
He supported Nicolas Sarkozy in the 2012 French presidential election. After Sarkozy lost, Juppé decided not to run in the June 2012 legislative elections.
Presidential Ambition (2012–2016)
After his party's defeat in 2012, Juppé stayed out of the party's internal struggles for a while. In March 2014, he was very successfully re-elected as mayor of Bordeaux. A few months later, he, along with former Prime Ministers François Fillon and Jean-Pierre Raffarin, temporarily led the UMP party until a new leader was chosen.
Juppé announced that he would run in the 2016 primary election for the Republicans party (formerly UMP). This election would decide who would be the party's candidate for the 2017 presidential election. He was seen as a popular and moderate politician. His main opponent was Nicolas Sarkozy. Juppé was supported by former President Jacques Chirac and by centrist parties. Polls suggested he might even get support from voters on the left.
His success as mayor of Bordeaux was often seen as a strong point in his campaign. However, his past as Prime Minister also drew some criticism.
Juppé came in second place in the first round of the Republican presidential primary on 20 November 2016. He then went into a run-off election against François Fillon, who had come in first. Juppé received 28.6% of the vote in the first round, while Fillon received 44.1%. A week later, Juppé lost to Fillon in the run-off, getting 33.5% of the votes. He then officially supported Fillon. This result was a surprise, as Juppé had often been ahead in the polls.
Constitutional Council (2019)
On 13 February 2019, it was announced that Juppé would become a member of the Conseil Constitutionnel in March 2019. This important role meant he had to resign as mayor of Bordeaux and as president of its metropolitan area. The Constitutional Council is a special court that makes sure laws follow the French Constitution.
Political Views
Social Issues
Alain Juppé received the Mesrob Mashdots Medal from Armenia. This award was given to him for his work in making the cooperation between the governments of Armenia and France stronger.
European Union
Alain Juppé's views on Europe have changed over time. In 1977, he supported a "Europe of the peoples," meaning he wanted a Europe where countries worked together but kept their own identities. He was against a "Europe of technocrats," which would be a more centralized, federal system.
However, fifteen years later, he convinced Jacques Chirac to agree to the Maastricht Treaty. This treaty was very important for European unity and the creation of the Euro. Juppé said the treaty was "common sense" and that the Euro was "a strategy for growth." In 2000, he even supported the idea of a European constitution to create a federal Europe.
By 2011, he seemed to have some regrets, saying that if the Maastricht Treaty had been better designed, Europe might not be facing the problems it was. But in the same year, he strongly supported the idea of a European federation to help solve the Euro crisis.
During the Greek debt crisis in 2015, he first suggested that Greece might leave the Eurozone but then changed his mind. After the Brexit vote in 2016, he said he was against France having a similar vote.
Immigration and Islam
In 1977, Juppé suggested giving French citizens priority for jobs. In 1990, he called immigration a "permanent and huge" problem. At that time, his party proposed strict rules, like closing borders and stopping immigration.
However, his views changed in the late 1990s. He supported a report that suggested France needed more immigrants for its job market. In 2002, he said that French people understood the need to welcome more foreigners into Europe and France. He also supported the idea of "integration" for migrants, meaning they should become part of French society while keeping their own identities. His views were sometimes criticized by those on the right wing of his party.
In 2010, he said in an interview that he did not support the French ban on face covering because he didn't want to "stigmatize Islam." In 2011, he stated that not all people who call themselves Islamists should be criticized, as some are committed to Islam and also accept the basic rules of democracy.
In October 2016, he called for changes to the Le Touquet Agreement, suggesting that the UK border control should be moved from Calais to Kent.
List of Offices
Government Roles
- Prime Minister: 1995–1997.
- Minister of Budget and government spokesperson: 1986–1988.
- Minister of Foreign Affairs: 1993–1995.
- Minister of Ecology, Development and Sustainable Planning: May–June 2007.
- Minister of State, Minister of Defense and Veterans Affairs: 2010–2011.
- Minister of State, Minister of Foreign and European Affairs: 2011–2012.
Elected Positions
European Parliament
- Member of European Parliament: 1984–1986 (became minister in 1986) / June–October 1989 (resigned).
National Assembly of France
- Member of the National Assembly of France for Paris (18th constituency): 1986–1993 (became minister in 1986 and 1993). Elected in 1986, reelected in 1988, 1993.
- Member of the National Assembly of France for Gironde (2nd constituency): 1997–2004 (resigned). Reelected in 2002.
Regional Council
- Regional councillor of Île-de-France: March–April 1992 (resigned).
City Council
- Mayor of Bordeaux: 1995–2004 (resigned) / 2006–2019. Reelected in 2001, 2006, 2008, 2014.
- Municipal councillor of Bordeaux: 1995–2004 (resigned) / 2006–2019. Reelected in 2001, 2006, 2008.
- Deputy-mayor of Paris XVIIIe: 1983–1995. Reelected in 1989.
- Councillor of Paris: 1983–1995. Reelected in 1989.
Urban Community Council
- President of the Urban Community of Bordeaux: 1995–2004 (resigned) / 2014–2019. Reelected in 2001, 2014.
- Vice-president of the Urban Community of Bordeaux: 2006–2014. Reelected in 2008.
- Member of the Urban Community of Bordeaux: 1995–2004 (resigned) / 2006–2019. Reelected in 2001, 2006, 2008, 2014.
Political Party Roles
- President of the Rally for the Republic: 1994–1997.
- President of the Union for a Popular Movement: 2002–2004.
Juppé's Cabinets
First Cabinet (May – November 1995)
- Alain Juppé – Prime Minister
- Hervé de Charette – Minister of Foreign Affairs
- Charles Millon – Minister of Defense
- Jean-Louis Debré – Minister of the Interior
- Alain Madelin – Minister of the Economy and Finance
- Jacques Toubon – Minister of Justice
- Yves Galland – Minister of Industry
- François Bayrou – Minister of National Education, Vocational Training, Higher Education and Research
- Jacques Barrot – Minister of Labour, Social Dialogue and Participation
- Pierre Pasquini – Minister of Veterans and War Victims
- Philippe Douste-Blazy – Minister of Culture
- Philippe Vasseur – Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food
- Corinne Lepage – Minister of the Environment
- Jean-Jacques de Peretti – Minister of Overseas
- Bernard Pons – Minister of Transport, Regional Planning and Equipment
- Roger Romani – Minister of Relations with Parliament
- Elisabeth Hubert – Minister of Public Health and Sickness Insurance
- Pierre-André Périssol – Minister of Housing
- Françoise de Panafieu – Minister of Tourism
- François Fillon – Minister of Information Technologies and Post
- Jean Puech – Minister of Civil Service
- Jean-Pierre Raffarin – Minister of Small and Medium-sized Companies, Commerce and Craft Industry
- Claude Goasguen – Minister of Reform of the State, Decentralisation and Citizenship
- Colette Codaccioni – Minister of Solidarity between Generations
- Eric Raoult – Minister of Integration and Fight against Exclusion
- Jean Arthuis – Minister of Planning
Changes in August 1995
- Jean Arthuis took over from Alain Madelin as Minister of Economy and Finance, while also remaining Minister of Planning.
Second Cabinet (November 1995 – June 1997)
- Alain Juppé – Prime Minister
- Hervé de Charette – Minister of Foreign Affairs
- Charles Millon – Minister of Defense
- Jean-Louis Debré – Minister of the Interior
- Jean Arthuis – Minister of the Economy and Finance
- Jacques Toubon – Minister of Justice
- Franck Borotra – Minister of Industry, Posts and Telecommunications
- François Bayrou – Minister of National Education, Vocational Training, Higher Education and Research
- Jacques Barrot – Minister of Labour and Social Affairs
- Philippe Douste-Blazy – Minister of Culture
- Philippe Vasseur – Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food
- Guy Drut – Minister of Youth and Sport
- Corinne Lepage – Minister of Environment
- Bernard Pons – Minister of Transport, Housing, Tourism and Equipment
- Roger Romani – Minister of Relations with Parliament
- Dominique Perben – Minister of Civil Service, Reform of the State and Decentralisation
- Jean-Claude Gaudin – Minister of City and Regional Planning
- Jean-Pierre Raffarin – Minister of Small and Medium-sized Companies, Commerce and Craft Industry
Books by Alain Juppé
- La Tentation de Venise, Grasset, 1993.
- Entre nous, NiL, 1996.
- Montesquieu, Perrin-Grasset, 1999.
- Entre quatre z'yeux, with Serge July, Grasset, 2001.
- France, mon pays : lettres d'un voyageur, with Isabelle Juppé, Laffont, 2006.
- Je ne mangerai plus de cerises en hiver, Plon, 2009.
- La Politique, telle qu'elle meurt de ne pas être, with Michel Rocard, J.-C. Lattès, 2010.
- Mes chemins pour l’école, J.-C. Lattès, 2015.
- Pour un État fort, Paris, J.-C. Lattès, 2016.
- De vous à moi, 2016.
See Also
In Spanish: Alain Juppé para niños
Images for kids
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French and Tunisian Foreign ministers Alain Juppé and Rafik Abdessalem at Tunis on 5 January 2012
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Alain Juppé logo in 2016 presidential primary
