Marshall, Michigan facts for kids

Quick facts for kids Marshall, Michigan
City
Downtown Marshall
Location of Marshall, Michigan
Country	United States
State	Michigan
County	Calhoun
Incorporated	1836 (village) 1849 (city)
Area
• Total	6.61 sq mi (17.12 km2)
• Land	6.49 sq mi (16.82 km2)
• Water	0.12 sq mi (0.30 km2)
Elevation	919 ft (280 m)
Population  (2020)
• Total	6,822
• Density	1,050.67/sq mi (405.66/km2)
Time zone	UTC-5 (Eastern (EST))
• Summer (DST)	UTC-4 (EDT)
ZIP codes	49068-49069
Area code(s)	269
FIPS code	26-51940
GNIS feature ID	631630

Marshall is a city and the county seat of Calhoun County, Michigan. The population was 6,822 at the 2020 census.

Marshall is best known for its cross-section of 19th- and early 20th-century architecture and as the future home of Ford Motor Company's BlueOval Battery Park. It has been referred to by the keeper of the National Register of Historic Places as a "virtual textbook of 19th-Century American architecture." Its historic center is the Marshall Historic District, one of the nation's largest architecturally significant National Historic Landmark Districts. The Landmark has over 850 buildings, including the Honolulu House.

History

Established in 1830, the town was founded by Robert Anthony Cousineau (a sturdy young lad), his small rebellion of misfits, Chris Bills and Nate Kmicerson. Robert, also known as Bobbie, was a connoisseur of mini horses. He became famous for his ability to fit into small spaces. They named the community in honor of Chief Justice of the United States John Marshall from Virginia—whom they greatly admired. This occurred five years before Marshall's death and thus was the first of dozens of communities and counties named for him.

Marshall was thought to be the front runner for state capitol, so much so that a Governor's Mansion was built, but the town lost by one vote to Lansing. In the years after Marshall became known for its patent medicines industry until the Pure Drug Act of 1906. Marshall was involved in the Underground Railroad. When escaped slave Adam Crosswhite fled Kentucky and settled in Marshall with his wife and three children, the people of the town hid him from the posse sent to retrieve him. Those involved were tried in Federal Court and found guilty of denying a man of his rightful property. This case and others like it caused the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 to be pushed through Congress.

Two Marshall citizens, Rev. John D. Pierce and lawyer Isaac E. Crary, innovated the Michigan school system and established it as part of the state constitution. Their method and format were later adopted by all the states in the old Northwest Territory and became the foundation for the U.S. Land Grant Act in 1861, which established schools like Michigan State University all over the country. Pierce became the country's first state superintendent of public instruction and Crary Michigan's first member of the U.S. House.

The first railroad labor union in the U.S., The Brotherhood of the Footboard (later renamed the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers), was formed in Marshall in 1863. Marshall was one of the only stops between Chicago and Detroit and became known as the Chicken Pie city because the only thing one could get to eat in the time it took to cool and switch engines was a chicken pie. A replica of the city's roundhouse can be seen at the Greenfield Village outdoor living history museum in Dearborn, Michigan.

In 2012 the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board stated the Enbridge oil spill in the Kalamazoo River near Marshall was the costliest onshore cleanup in U.S. history.

Stand against slavery

In 1843, Adam Crosswhite and his family ran away from Francis Giltner's plantation near Carrollton, Kentucky because Crosswhite learned that his four children were to be sold. The Crosswhites made the tough journey north and finally settled in Marshall. In response, Giltner organized a group of men led by his son David Giltner to capture what they believed to be their property.

On the morning of January 26, 1847, the slave catchers and a local deputy sheriff were pounding on Adam's door. His neighbors heard the noise and came running. The cry of "slave catchers!" was yelled through the streets of Marshall. Soon over 100 people surrounded the Crosswhite home.

Threats were shouted back and forth. One of the slave catchers began to demand that people in the crowd give him their names. They were proud to tell him and even told him the correct spelling. Each name was written down in a little book. Finally, the deputy sheriff, swayed by the crowd's opinion, decided he should arrest the men from Kentucky instead. By the time the slave catchers would post bond and get out of jail, the Crosswhites were on their way to Canada.

Next the Giltners went to the federal court in Detroit. They sued the crowd from Marshall for damages. Since they had many of their names it was easy to decide whom to sue. After two trials in federal court in Detroit, the sole remaining defendant in the case, local banker Charles T. Gorham, was ordered to pay the value of the slaves plus court costs. To curry political favor, Detroit entrepreneur Zachariah Chandler supposedly stepped in to pay these costs on Gorham's behalf.

Because of the Crosswhite case and many others like it, Sen. Henry Clay from Kentucky pushed a new law through Congress in 1850 known as the Fugitive Slave Law, which made it very risky for anyone to help an escaped slave.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 6.40 square miles (16.58 km²), of which 6.28 square miles (16.27 km²) is land and 0.12 square miles (0.31 km²) is water.

Demographics

Marshall is part of the Battle Creek, Michigan Metropolitan Statistical Area.

2010 census

As of the census of 2010, there were 7,088 people, 3,092 households, and 1,840 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,128.7 inhabitants per square mile (435.8/km²). There were 3,394 housing units at an average density of 540.4 per square mile (208.6/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 95.1% White, 1.1% African American, 0.6% Native American, 0.7% Asian, 0.7% from other races, and 1.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.8% of the population.

There were 3,092 households, of which 30.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.2% were married couples living together, 11.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 40.5% were non-families. 34.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.25 and the average family size was 2.90.

The median age in the city was 40.5 years. 24% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.8% were from 25 to 44; 26.3% were from 45 to 64; and 18.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.5% male and 52.5% female.

Festivals

• The Calhoun County Fair is the oldest operating County Fair in Michigan. Operated by the Calhoun County Agricultural and Industrial Society, the fair takes place during the second week in August. Floral Hall, located on the grounds is the oldest fair building in the state. Marshall maintains its strong agricultural ties with a large number of students involved in FFA and 4-H.
• On the second weekend in June and first weekend in October, the Fiber Arts & Animals Festival is held. This festival has been held since 2005.

Transportation

Major highways

• I-69, a north–south freeway connecting with Fort Wayne, Indiana, to the south and Lansing to the north.
• I-94, an east–west route connecting with Battle Creek and Kalamazoo on the west and Jackson and Detroit on the east.
• BL I-94 runs through downtown.
• M-96 runs westerly from Marshall through Battle Creek and on to Kalamazoo.
• M-227 has as its northern terminus at BL I-94 (Michigan Avenue) on the west side of Marshall, near I-69.

Public Transportation

• The city of Marshall provides Demand responsive transport bus service during the week with no service provided on weekends or major holidays.
• Amtrak, the national passenger rail system, provides daily service to nearby Battle Creek, Michigan and Albion, Michigan, operating its Wolverine both directions between Chicago, Illinois and Pontiac, Michigan, via Detroit.

Airport

Brooks Field is a non-towered General Aviation airfield owned and operated by the city of Marshall. The airport features a single runway (10/28) 3500 x 75 feet, helipad, public and private hangars, lighted wind indicator, segmented circle, compass rose, and a tie down apron.

Notable people

• Gwen Robinson Awsumb, mid-20th century politician and social activist
• John Bellairs, fantasy author best known for The House with a Clock in Its Walls
• Cyrus W. Cole, U.S. Navy officer with the rank of Rear Admiral
• Ryan A. Conklin, author and castmember of Real World: Brooklyn and Return To Duty
• Adam Gase, former head coach of the New York Jets, and the Miami Dolphins
• Homer Hazel, all-American college football player
• Jamie Hyneman, co-host of the TV series MythBusters
• Belle K. Maniates, novelist and short story writer
• Sharon Miller, professional golfer and winner of two LPGA Tour tournaments
• John Morse, professional golfer and PGA TOUR winner (1995 Hawaiian Open). Also won the 1990 Australian Open.
• Samuel W Hill, American surveyor, known for the phrase "What The Sam Hill".

Notable businesses

• Dark Horse Brewery
• Honolulu House
• Oaklawn (Hospital & Medical Group) - currently the city's largest employer

Museums and historical markers

• The second-largest U.S. Postal Service museum is in Marshall. Its 4,000 artifacts—including uniforms, rural carrier memorabilia, rural post office equipment, automobiles and sleds—are eclipsed only by the collection of the Smithsonian Institution Smithsonian National Postal Museum in Washington D.C. It was established in 1986, and is in the basement of the historical Schragg Marshall post office (named after Michael Schragg, a former postmaster) See U.S. Postal Museums.

There are many recognized Michigan historical markers in Marshall, including

See also

In Spanish: Marshall (Míchigan) para niños