Vice President of Peru facts for kids

Quick facts for kids First Vice President and Second Vice President of the Republic of Peru
Great Seal of the State
Incumbent First Vice President: Vacant (latest incumbent Dina Boluarte) Second Vice President: Vacant (latest incumbent Mercedes Aráoz) since 7 December 2022 (First) and 7 May 2020 (Second)
Residence	Government Palace
Appointer	Only direct popular election
Term length	Five years, renewable indefinitely
Inaugural holder	Diego de Aliaga (1823) Juan Antonio Pezet and Pedro Diez Canseco (1862)
Formation	1823 (Vice President) 1862 (First Vice President and Second Vice President)
Succession	First and Second

The Republic of Peru has two vice presidents, the First Vice President and the Second Vice President, who are elected along with the President in democratic elections. Their only constitutional mission is to replace the President in case of death, permanent or temporary incapacity, resignation, being abroad without the permission of Congress, failure to return from abroad at fixed time, and/or dismissal or removal from office as allowed by the Constitution. They cannot be appointed outside of general elections.

The First and Second Vice Presidents are first and second in the presidential line of succession. The leader of Congress, the President of the Congress, follows the First Vice President and the Second Vice President in the line of succession.

In modern Peruvian history, two Vice Presidents have acceded to the presidency after the President could no longer serve, Martín Vizcarra and Dina Boluarte. The 32nd First Vice President Martín Vizcarra assumed the office of the presidency in 2018 after the graft scandal that led to the resignation of President Pedro Pablo Kuczynski. The 33rd First Vice President Dina Boluarte assumed the office of the presidency in 2022 after President Pedro Castillo attempted to dissolve Congress and was impeached and removed from the presidency.

Historically, the position was one of a sole Vice President, which was in place in the years 1829–1831 and 1858–1862. The dual positions of First and Second Vice Presidents have been in place since 1862.

The office of the First Vice President is currently vacant, the most recent First Vice President having been Dina Boluarte. The office of the Second Vice President is also currently vacant, the most recent Second Vice President having been Mercedes Aráoz.

History

Vice President

The position of Vice President of Peru appeared for the first time in the Constitution of 1823:

"ARTICLE 76: There will be a Vice President in whom the same qualities concur. He/she will administer and withhold Executive Power in event of the death, resignation, or impeachment of the President, or when the president is unable to control the armed forces." Constitution of 1823

The Constitution of 1828 and the Life Constitution of 1826 also proposed only one vice president, who had to be appointed by the president. In the Constitution of 1834, the office was disbanded until the Magna Carta of 1856, which reinstated the sole vice-presidency.

First Vice President and Second Vice President

The Constitution of 1860 established two vice-presidents, elected jointly with the President.

Article 89: "There will be two Vice Presidents of the Republic, named first and second, who will be elected at the same time, with the same qualities and for the same period as the President. Constitution of 1860

In the Constitution of 1867, the power of vice-presidents was eminently curtailed. However, this constitution held in place for a short period until a successful revolution of that same year restored the Constitution of 1860.

Similarly, the Constitution of 1920 abolished the positions of vice-presidents. The Constitution of 1933 failed to change this, but the office was eventually restored by the second presidency of Óscar R. Benavides, by law on 1 April 1936. In 1939, via plebiscitary consultation, a constitutional amendment was made restoring the office of vice president and second vice president.

The 1993 Constitution and the current constitution in force — put forth by President Alberto Fujimori — recognizes the double vice-presidency in the Executive Branch.

In recent history, there have been two instances where the First Vice President has acceded to the presidency after the President could no longer serve. The 32nd First Vice President Martín Vizcarra assumed the office of the presidency in 2018 after the graft scandal that led to the resignation of President Pedro Pablo Kuczynski. The 33rd First Vice President Dina Boluarte assumed the office of the presidency in 2022 after President Pedro Castillo attempted to dissolve Congress and was impeached and removed from the presidency. No Second Vice President has recently acceded to the presidency.

Current officeholders

The office of the First Vice President is currently vacant. The most recent First Vice President is Dina Boluarte, who held the office until 7 December 2022 after President Pedro Castillo's self-coup d'état attempt and removal from the presidency. The office of the Second Vice President is also currently vacant because Castillo's second running mate, Vladimir Cerrón, was disqualified by the National Jury of Elections to run as Second Vice President in the 2021 election due to Cerrón having served a prison sentence for corruption since 2019.

The most recent Second Vice President is Mercedes Aráoz, who held the office until her resignation was accepted by Congress on 7 May 2020. Earlier, on 30 September 2019, the Peruvian Congress had been in the midst of the 2019 Peruvian constitutional crisis and named Aráoz as Acting President after having declared President Martín Vizcarra unfit for office. Given that Congress had itself been dissolved earlier that day by President Vizcarra and that Aráoz supported the Vizcarra's call for new congressional elections, she irrevocably resigned as Second Vice President on 1 October 2019, to leave Vizcarra as the sole claimant to the presidency. Aráoz's resignation was not accepted until 7 May 2020, by a newly elected Congress.

List of vice presidents of Peru

Portrait	Pos.	Vice President	Political party	Inaugurated	Left office	President	Notes
	-	Diego de Aliaga		November 1823	February 1824	José Bernardo de Tagle
	-	Manuel Salazar y Baquíjano		August 1827	June 1829	José de la Mar
	-	Antonio Gutiérrez de la Fuente		1 September 1829	16 April 1831	Agustín Gamarra
	-	Juan Manuel del Mar		24 October 1858	16 June 1862	Ramón Castilla
	First	Juan Antonio Pezet	Military	24 October 1862	5 August 1863	Miguel de San Román
	Second	Pedro Diez Canseco
	First	Mariano Herencia Zevallos	Military	2 August 1868	27 July 1872	José Balta
	Second	Francisco Diez Canseco
	First	Manuel Costas Arce	Civilista Party	2 August 1872	2 August 1876	Manuel Pardo y Lavalle
	Second	Francisco Garmendia Puértolas
	First	Luis La Puerta		2 August 1876	18 December 1879	Mariano Ignacio Prado
	Second	José Francisco Canevaro
	First	Lizardo Montero Flores		12 March 1881	6 November 1881	Francisco García Calderón
	Second	Andrés Avelino Cáceres
	First	Remigio Morales Bermúdez	Constitutional Party	3 June 1886	10 August 1890	Andrés Cáceres
	Second	Aurelio Denegri
	First	Pedro Alejandrino del Solar	Constitutional Party	10 August 1890	1 April 1894	Remigio Morales Bermúdez
	Second	Justiniano Borgoño
	First	César Canevaro	Constitutional Party	10 August 1894	20 March 1895	Andrés Cáceres
	Second	Cesáreo Chacaltana Reyes
	First	Guillermo Billinghurst	Democratic Party	8 September 1895	8 September 1899	Nicolás de Piérola
	Second	Augusto Seminario Váscones
	First	Isaac Alzamora	Alianza Civil-Demócrata	8 September 1899	8 September 1903	Eduardo López de Romaña
	Second	Federico Bresani
	First	Lino Alarco Brediñana	Civilista Party	-	-	Manuel Candamo	Died 13 June 1903 before taking office
	Second	Serapio Calderón		8 September 1903	7 May 1904
	First	José Salvador Cavero Ovalle	Civilista Party	24 September 1904	24 September 1908	José Pardo y Barreda
	Second	Serapio Calderón			1907
	First	Eugenio Larrabure y Unanue	Civilista Party	24 September 1908	24 September 1912	Augusto Leguía
	Second	Belisario Sosa	Constitutional Party
	First	Roberto Leguía	Civilista Party	24 September 1912	4 February 1914	Guillermo Billinghurst
	Second	Miguel Echenique
	First	Ricardo Bentín Sánchez	Alianza Civil-Constitucional-Liberal	18 August 1915	4 July 1919	José Pardo y Barreda
	Second	Melitón Carvajal
	First	César Canevaro		12 October 1919	31 October 1922	Augusto Leguía
	Second	Agustín de la Torre González			12 October 1924
	First	Ernesto Montagne Markholz	Peruvian Army	13 April 1936	8 December 1939	Óscar R. Benavides
	Second	Antonio Rodríguez Ramírez
	First	Rafael Larco Herrera	Conservative	8 December 1939	28 July 1945	Manuel Prado Ugarteche
	Second	Carlos D. Gibson
	First	José Gálvez Barrenechea	National Democratic Front	28 July 1945	29 October 1948	José Bustamante y Rivero
	Second	Eduardo Ganoza y Ganoza
	-	Zenón Noriega Agüero	Peruvian Army	29 October 1948	1 June 1950	Manuel A. Odría	De facto
	First	Héctor Boza	Odriíst National Union	28 July 1950	28 July 1956
	Second	Federico Bolognesi
	First	Luis Gallo Porras	Peruvian Democratic Movement	28 July 1956	18 July 1962	Manuel Prado Ugarteche
	Second	Carlos Moreyra y Paz Soldán
	First	Nicolás Lindley López	Peruvian Army	18 July 1962	3 March 1963	Ricardo Pérez Godoy	De facto
	Second	Pedro Vargas Prada					De facto
	First	Edgardo Seoane Corrales	Popular Action	28 July 1963	3 October 1968	Fernando Belaúnde Terry
	Second	Mario Polar Ugarteche	Christian Democracy
	-	Luis Edgardo Mercado Jarrín	Peruvian Army	3 October 1968	30 August 1975	Juan Velasco Alvarado	De facto
	-	Pedro Richter Prada		30 August 1975	28 July 1980	Francisco Morales Bermúdez	De facto
	First	Fernando Schwalb	Popular Action	28 July 1980	28 July 1985	Fernando Belaúnde Terry
	Second	Javier Alva Orlandini
	First	Luis Alberto Sánchez	Peruvian Aprista Party	28 July 1985	28 July 1990	Alan García Pérez
	Second	Luis Alva Castro
	First	Máximo San Román	Change 90	28 July 1990	5 April 1992	Alberto Fujimori
	Second	Carlos García y García
	First	Ricardo Márquez Flores	Change 90-New Majority	28 July 1995	28 July 2000
	Second	César Paredes Canto
	First	Francisco Tudela	Peru 2000	28 July 2000	22 November 2000		Resigned.
	Second	Ricardo Márquez Flores
	First	Raúl Diez Canseco	Popular Action	28 July 2001	14 December 2004	Alejandro Toledo Manrique	Resigned
	Second	David Waisman	Possible Peru		28 July 2006
	First	Luis Giampietri	Peruvian Aprista Party	28 July 2006	28 July 2011	Alan García Pérez
	Second	Lourdes Mendoza
	First	Marisol Espinoza	Peruvian Nationalist Party (until 2015) Alliance for Progress (since 2015)	28 July 2011	28 July 2016	Ollanta Humala
	Second	Omar Chehade	Peruvian Nationalist Party		16 January 2012		Resigned
	First	Martín Vizcarra	Peruvians for Change	28 July 2016	23 March 2018	Pedro Pablo Kuczynski	Succeeded Kuczynski as President
	Second	Mercedes Aráoz	Independent politician		-
	First	Vacant		23 March 2018	10 November 2020	Martín Vizcarra	Vacant upon Martín Vizcarra's accession to the presidency
	Second	Mercedes Aráoz	Independent politician	-	7 May 2020		Submitted her resignation on 1 October 2019 amidst the 2019–2020 Peruvian constitutional crisis, but her resignation was not officially accepted by Congress until 7 May 2020
	First	Vacant		10 November 2020	15 November 2020	Manuel Merino
	Second	Vacant
	First	Vacant		17 November 2020	28 July 2021	Francisco Sagasti
	Second	Vacant
	First	Dina Boluarte	Free Peru (until 2022) Independent (since 2022)	28 July 2021	7 December 2022	Pedro Castillo	Succeeded Castillo as President
	Second	Vacant					President Pedro Castillo's winning ticket in the 2021 election originally had Vladimir Cerrón as nominee for Second Vice President before Cerrón's removal from the ticket due to his conviction on corruption charges
	First	Vacant		7 December 2022		Dina Boluarte	Vacant since Dina Boluarte's accession to the presidency
	Second	Vacant

See also

In Spanish: Vicepresidente del Perú para niños

• List of current vice presidents