Dedham, Massachusetts facts for kids

Quick facts for kids Dedham, Massachusetts
Town
Town of Dedham
The Ames Schoolhouse, Dedham's Town Hall
Flag Seal
Motto(s):  Contentment
Location of Dedham in Norfolk County, Massachusetts
Country	United States
State	Massachusetts
County	Norfolk
Settled	1635
Incorporated	1636
Named for	Dedham, Essex
Government
• Type	Representative town meeting
Area
• Total	10.6 sq mi (27.6 km2)
• Land	10.5 sq mi (27.1 km2)
• Water	0.2 sq mi (0.5 km2)
Elevation	120 ft (37 m)
Population  (2020)
• Total	25,364
• Density	2,415.62/sq mi (935.94/km2)
Ethnicity
• White alone	79.4%
• Black or African American alone	6.24%
• American Indian and Alaska Native alone	0.23%
• Asian	3.79%
• Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone	0.02%
• Some Other Race alone	0.3%
• Two or more races	6.45%
Hispanic or Latino
• Hispanic or Latino	8.38%
• Not Hispanic or Latino	91.62%
Time zone	UTC−5 (Eastern)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−4 (Eastern)
ZIP code	02026 (02027 for P.O. Boxes)
Area code(s)	781 / 339
FIPS code	25-16495
GNIS feature ID	0618318
Website	http://www.dedham-ma.gov

Dedham (/ˈdɛdəm/ DED-əm) is a town in, and the county seat of, Norfolk County, Massachusetts, United States. Located on Boston's southwestern border, the population was 25,364 at the 2020 census.

First settled by English colonists in 1635 and incorporated in 1636, Dedham established the first public school in America in 1643. Dedham is home to the Fairbanks House, the oldest surviving timber-frame house in the United States. On January 1, 1643, by unanimous vote, Dedham authorized the first taxpayer-funded public school, "the seed of American education." The first man-made canal in North America, Mother Brook, was created in Dedham in 1639.

The town took an active part in the American Revolution and was home to the Dedham Liberty Pole in the late 18th century. When a split occurred at the First Church and Parish in Dedham, the resulting lawsuit became known as The Dedham Case, an important landmark in the separation of church and state. In 1921, the historic Sacco and Vanzetti trial was held in the Norfolk County Courthouse. Dedham is sometimes called the "mother of towns" because 14 present-day communities were included within its original broad borders.

Dedham is governed by a representative town meeting, a select board which appoints the town manager, and various other boards and committees. The town is served by the MBTA commuter rail and bus service. The Dedham Public Schools operates seven schools, and a number of private schools also operate within the town.

History

17th century

Settled in 1635 by people from Roxbury and Watertown, Dedham was incorporated in 1636. It became the county seat of Norfolk County when the county was formed from parts of Suffolk County on March 26, 1793. When the Town was originally incorporated, the residents wanted to name it "Contentment." The Massachusetts General Court overruled them and named the town after Dedham, Essex in England, where some of the original inhabitants were born. The boundaries of the town at the time stretched to the Rhode Island border.

At the first public meeting on August 15, 1636, eighteen men signed the town covenant. They swore that they would "in the fear and reverence of our Almighty God, mutually and severally promise amongst ourselves and each to profess and practice one truth according to that most perfect rule, the foundation whereof is ever lasting love."

They also agreed that "we shall by all means labor to keep off from us all such as are contrary minded, and receive only such unto us as may be probably of one heart with us, [and such] as that we either know or may well and truly be informed to walk in a peaceable conversation with all meekness of spirit, [this] for the edification of each other in the knowledge and faith of the Lord Jesus…" The covenant also stipulated that if differences were to arise between townsmen, they would seek arbitration for resolution and each would pay his fair share for the common good.

Dedham is home to the Fairbanks House, the oldest surviving timber-frame house in the United States, scientifically dated to 1637. On January 1, 1643, by unanimous vote, Dedham authorized the first taxpayer-funded public school, "the seed of American education." Its first schoolmaster, Rev. Ralph Wheelock, a Clare College graduate, was paid 20 pounds annually to instruct the youth of the community. Descendants of these students would become presidents of Dartmouth College, Yale University, and Harvard University.

The first man-made canal in North America, Mother Brook, was created in Dedham in 1639. It linked the Charles River to the Neponset River. Although both are slow-moving rivers, they are at different elevations. The difference in elevation made the canal's current swift enough to power several local mills.

18th century

Just 15 months after asking for their own church, 40 men living on the north side of the Charles River suddenly asked the General Court to separate them from Dedham. Their petition cited the inadequate services provided, namely schools and churches. They also said that, if they were simply to be made a precinct instead of a separate town, that they would suffer political reprisals. Dedham agreed that the services were inadequate and did not oppose the separation, but did try to reduce the amount of land the separatists were seeking. Dedham also asked for a delay of one year. The General Court agreed with the petitioners, however, and created the new town of Needham with the original boundaries requested. Those who remained in Dedham still held rights to the unallotted lands in Needham, however, and any decrease in taxes would be offset by a decrease in expenditures. There may have also been some satisfaction in separating themselves from those on the other side of the 1704 power struggle.

In November 1798, David Brown led a group in Dedham protesting the federal government; they set up a liberty pole, as people had before the American Revolution. It carried the words, "No Stamp Act, No Sedition Act, No Alien Bills, No Land Tax, downfall to the Tyrants of America; peace and retirement to the President; Long Live the Vice President", referring to then-President John Adams and Vice President Thomas Jefferson. Brown was arrested in Andover but because he could not afford the $4,000 bail, he was taken to Salem for trial. Brown was tried in June 1799. Although he wanted to plead guilty, Justice Samuel Chase urged him to name those who had helped him or subscribed to his writings in exchange for freedom. Brown refused, was fined $480, and sentenced to eighteen months in prison. It was the most severe sentence up to then imposed under the Alien and Sedition Acts.

19th century

In 1818, though citizens were still taxed for the support of ministers and other "public teachers of religion", Dedham set a precedent toward the separation of church and state. Residents of the town selected a minister different than that chosen by the church members; the selection by residents was confirmed by the Supreme Judicial Court. This decision increased support for the disestablishment of the Congregational churches.

The local Endicott Estate burned to the ground in 1904 after the local volunteer fire department, responding to three separate fires burning simultaneously, reached the Endicott fire last. By the time they arrived, only ashes remained. It is said that the estate's owner, Henry Bradford Endicott (also founder of the Endicott Johnson Corporation) took the burning of the homestead as a divine command to rebuild (which he did). The rebuilt Endicott Estate is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The estate and surrounding grounds are open to the public, upholding Henry's stepdaughter Katherine's wish to use the house and property for "educational, civic, social and recreational purposes."

20th century

In 1921, the historic Sacco and Vanzetti trial was held in the Norfolk County Courthouse. Dedham Pottery is a cherished class of antiques, characterized by a distinctive crackle glaze, blue-and-white color scheme, and a frequent motif of rabbits and other animals. Dedham is sometimes called the "mother of towns" because 14 present-day communities were included within its original broad borders.

21st century

In March 2023, Dedham dedicated a 84,000 square-foot public safety complex on the site of the former Town Hall at 26 Bryant Street.

Geography

Dedham is located at 42°14′40″N 71°9′55″W / 42.24444°N 71.16528°W / 42.24444; -71.16528 (42.244609, −71.165531). On the northwest it is bordered by Needham, on the southwest by Westwood, and on the southeast by Canton.

On the northeastern corner of High Street and Court Street, the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey placed a small medallion into a granite block showing an elevation of 112.288 feet. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 10.6 square miles (27 km²), of which 10.4 square miles (27 km²) is land and 0.2 square miles (0.52 km²) (1.79%) is water.

Dedham is made up of a number of neighborhoods:

• In the geographical center of town is Oakdale. This is roughly defined by East Street to the west, Cedar Street to the south and east, and Whiting Ave to the north.
  • The houses in the area around Woodleigh Road, which was declared to be one of the best streets in Greater Boston, have many homes designed by Henry Bailey Alden, who also designed the Endicott Estate.
  • The subdivision consisting of Morse Avenue, Fulton Street, and Edison Avenue, is named Whiting Park.
• Riverdale is an island surrounded by the Charles River and Long Ditch.
• Greenlodge runs along the axis of Greenlodge Street. In its early days, it became known as the Peanut Butter Valley, as it was said that after paying for their expensive new homes, that residents could only afford to eat peanut butter sandwiches.
• The Manor comprises the neighborhood south of Sprague Street.
• East Dedham falls between Mother Brook and the Boston line.
• Precinct One, or Upper Dedham, is in the northwestern corner of the town, between High Street and Common Street and the Westwood and Needham lines.
  • Job's Island, named for Job Richard, is now a peninsula at 91 Common Street.
  • Highland Street, near Lowder Street, runs up Earwicker's Hill.
• Ashcroft is the neighborhood between Cedar Street and Sprague Street. It includes Paul Park and the Capen School.
  • The undeveloped strip of land between Beech Street and Turner Street is known as Ogden's Woods.
• Fairbanks is the neighborhood between East Street and Wigwam Pond.

Climate

Dedham has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Dfb under the Köppen climate classification system), with high humidity and precipitation year-round.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 23,464 people, 8,654 households, and 6,144 families residing in the town. The population density was 2,244.6 inhabitants per square mile (866.6/km²). There were 8,908 housing units at an average density of 852.2 per square mile (329.0/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 94.51% White, 1.54% Black or African American, 0.16% Native American, 1.87% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.80% from other races, and 1.08% from two or more races. 2.42% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. As of 2024, the most common ethnic groups are those of Irish or Italian heritage, with many descended from those who came to work in the mills along Mother Brook. The largest religious group are Catholics.

There were 8,654 households, of which 30.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them. 56.3% were married couples living together, 11.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.0% were non-families. 23.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.14.

Dedham's population was spread out, with 22.2% under the age of 18, 5.8% from 18 to 24, 31.1% from 25 to 44, 24.2% from 45 to 64, and 16.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.0 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $61,699, and the median income for a family was $72,330. Males had a median income of $46,216 versus $35,682 for females. The per capita income for the town was $28,199. About 3.2% of families and 4.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.9% of those under age 18 and 6.5% of those age 65 or over.

Religion

Seal and flag

The town's seal was originally designed by a member of the Dedham Historical Society. In the center is a crest containing the Old Avery Oak. When the tree was finally felled, the gavel used by the Moderator at Town Meeting was carved out of it. Above the tree are the scales of justice, representing Dedham as the county seat and home to Norfolk County's courts. On the left of the tree are agricultural instruments, and on the right is a factory, showing Dedham's history first as a town of farmers and then as one with a number of mills and factories, particularly along Mother Brook. Below the tree is a banner with the word "Contentment", the name of the original plantation.

The town flag is red with the seal prominent and in the center. In the lower left corner is part of the Avery Oak, and in the lower right is part of the Fairbanks House. It hangs in the select board's chambers at town hall and in the Great Hall of the Massachusetts State House.

Television and film

Dedham District Court

Dedham has been featured on both television and film screens.

• William Desmond Taylor's 1919 silent film Anne of Green Gables was filmed in Dedham. It was the favorite role of star Mary Miles Minter, but no copies of the film are known to have survived. The film also starred Paul Kelly.
• The 1973 film The Friends of Eddie Coyle was partially filmed in Dedham and starred Robert Mitchum, Peter Boyle, and Alex Rocco.
• In the 1980s, the Endicott Estate was featured in an episode of Spenser: For Hire.
• The 1982 film Pieces was filmed mainly in Madrid, but also included the same Dedham Square robbed in 'Eddie Coyle'.
• The Endicott Estate was also featured in the 2000 film The Perfect Storm.
• The award-winning 2000 film State and Main was filmed in Dedham, and Alec Baldwin's character slept in the Endicott Estate.
• In a 2004 episode of The Practice, viewers learned that Alan Shore grew up in the town, and numerous references to the Sacco and Vanzetti trial were also made. Images of Dedham Square, the Dedham Historical Society building and the courthouses were shot on location. In addition, "extremely rare" interior and exterior photos of the courthouses from the turn of the 20th century were shown.
• The 2010 thriller Shutter Island was partially filmed in Dedham.
• The 2014 film The Judge was filmed partly in Dedham Square.
• Kathryn Bigelow's 2017 film, Detroit, utilized the Dedham District Court as a filming location.
• The film I Care a Lot was filmed at the Norfolk County Courthouse and Norfolk County Registry of Deeds.

Infrastructure

Transportation

Commuter rail service from Boston's South Station is provided by the MBTA with stops at [[{{{station}}} (MBTA station)|{{{station}}}]] and [[{{{station}}} (MBTA station)|{{{station}}}]] on its Franklin/Foxboro Line. Also, MBTA bus routes 34 Dedham Square to Forest Hills serves Washington Street, Dedham Square, and the Dedham Mall, route 34E Walpole Center to Forest Hills serves Washington Street and Dedham Square, and route 35 Dedham Mall to Forest Hills serves Washington Street and the Dedham Mall.

Police and Fire

Public Safety complex

In March 2023, Dedham opened a 84,000 square-foot public safety complex on the site of the former Town Hall at 26 Bryant Street. The complex combines the equipment and personnel of the town's fire, police, and dispatch departments. This building replaced the previous police station at 600 High Street (built 1962) and fire station at 436 Washington Street (built 1952).

Education

Public education

The Dedham Public Schools operates seven schools and is known for the first implementation of a tax supported, free public school system, now used nationally.

• Dedham High School
• Dedham Middle School
• Avery Elementary School
• Oakdale Elementary School
• Greenlodge Elementary School
• Riverdale Elementary School
• Dr. Thomas J. Curren Early Childhood Education Center

Private education

In addition, there are several private schools in the town, including:

• Noble and Greenough School, a private, co-educational day and boarding school for students in grades 7–12
• Dedham Country Day School, a private, co-educational, day school for students in pre-kindergarten to eighth grade
• Ursuline Academy, an independent college preparatory day school for young women in grades 7–12.
• The Rashi School, a Reform Jewish elementary and middle school.
• Little Sprouts Early Education and Childcare, a preschool and kindergarten.
• Regina Caeli Academy, based at St. Mary's Church.

Former schools

• Ames School, a former public elementary school named after distinguished Dedham resident Fisher Ames.
• Charles J. Capen School, operated from 1931 to 1981.
• St. Mary of the Assumption School, a former Catholic elementary school that operated as a part of St. Mary of the Assumption Parish until 1975.
• The Quincy School, a former public elementary school that operated until 1982.
• The Dexter School, a former public elementary school now operating as a private preschool and kindergarten, Little Sprouts Early Education and Childcare, Dedham location.

Higher education

• Queen of Apostles Seminary, a former Catholic minor seminary run by the Society of African Missions, closed in the late 1960s
• Northeastern University Dedham Campus, a satellite campus located in the Queen of Apostles Seminary's former building

Places of worship

Churches in Dedham

First Church and Parish

St. Paul's Episcopal

Allin Congregational

Former First Church of Christ, Scientist

Points of interest

Mill Pond Park

• Organizations
  • Dedham Historical Society and Museum
  • Dedham Public Library
  • Christmas light display at the Civitarese-Cushman House
• Businesses
  • Dedham Health and Athletic Complex
  • Legacy Place, outdoor shopping center.
  • Moseley's on the Charles, the oldest continuous-running ballroom in the country
• Historic Districts

Three districts have been recognized for their historic and architectural significance:

• • Dedham Village Historic District
  • Connecticut Corner District
  • Federal Hill District
• Buildings
  • 19 Court Street, a building with several uses over several centuries
  • 369 Washington Street, the Knights of Columbus building
  • 601-603 High Street, a commercial building in Dedham Square
  • East Dedham Firehouse, possibly the oldest wood framed firehouse in use in the United States. Originally built in 1855, it was designed with stables in the basement for the horses that carried the apparatus.
  • Ames Schoolhouse, schoolhouse built in 1897, now the Dedham town hall and senior center
  • Endicott Estate
  • Fairbanks House
  • MIT Endicott House
  • Norfolk County Correctional Center, situated in the median of Route 128.
  • Old Norfolk County Jail
• Cemeteries
  • Baby Cemetery
  • Brookdale Cemetery
  • Fairview Cemetery
  • Old Village Cemetery
  • Boston United Hand in Hand Cemetery is located on Lower East Street straddling the West Roxbury line. Dating back to 1875, the original plot was full by 1896 but subsequently expanded a number of times. There are graves as recent as 1980 in the West Roxbury portion; the Dedham portion is still active. Chestnut Hill's Congregation Mishka Tefila currently owns the property.

Notable people

Sports

• Buck Danner, infielder for the Philadelphia Athletics
• Pete Hamilton, NASCAR driver
• Bill Hunnefield, infielder for Chicago White Sox (1926–1930), Cleveland Indians (1931), Boston Braves (1931) and New York Giants (1931)
• John Frederick Kiley, outfielder for the Washington Nationals (1884) and Boston Beaneaters (1891)
• Lefty Mills, early American one-armed baseball player
• Sarah Parsons, member of the 2006 Winter Olympics women's hockey team
• Freddy Roach, professional boxer
• Warren Cummings Smith, alpine skier in the 2014 Winter Olympics men's giant slalom and slalom

Arts and literature

• Louisa May Alcott, author of Little Women, lived and worked for seven weeks during 1851 as a domestic helper in Dedham
• Tim Costello (1945–2009), labor and anti-globalization advocate and author
• Jacques d'Amboise, ballet dancer and choreographer
• George Derby, humorist
• Alvan Fisher, artist
• Reuben Guild, librarian and author
• Lilian Westcott Hale, artist
• Henry Hitchings, landscape painter and lithographer
• Connie Hines, television actress
• Peter H. Reynolds, children's author and illustrator
• Anita Shreve, author
• Richard Trethewey, plumber on This Old House

Military

• John Andrew Barnes, III, war hero, Medal of Honor recipient
• Ebenezer Battelle, Revolutionary War veteran
• Leon A. Edney, former Supreme Allied Commander, NATO Atlantic Forces, United States Atlantic Command, Commodore Admiral, US Navy
• William B. Gould, formerly enslaved Union Navy sailor
• James William Augustus Nicholson, Rear Admiral, U.S. Navy
• Thomas Sherwin, General in the Civil War
• Stephen Minot Weld Jr., Civil War hero

Religious

• Eliphalet Adams (1677–1753), clergyman and missionary to the Native Americans
• John Allin, patriarch of New England and signatory to the Dedham Covenant
• Charles A. Finn, oldest Catholic priest in the United States

Nathaniel Ames House

Miscellaneous

• Weaver W. Adams, chess master
• Nathaniel Ames, almanac-maker and physician
• Faxon Atherton, businessman and namesake of Atherton, California
• Jason Fairbanks, murderer
• Jonathan Fairbanks, builder of the Fairbanks House
• Temple Grandin, professor of animal science, inventor and autism advocate
• Samuel Foster Haven, archaeologist and anthropologist
• Eli Sagan (1927–2015), clothing manufacturer, lecturer and author in cultural anthropology and political activist who served on the national finance committee for George McGovern's 1972 presidential campaign, a role that earned him a spot on Richard Nixon's Enemies List in 1973
• Tommy Vietor, National Security Council spokesperson, podcast host of Pod Save America