Imagine special places across the United States where animals and plants that are in danger of disappearing forever get a safe home. These places are called National Wildlife Refuges (NWRs). This article lists NWRs created especially to protect one or more endangered species. These are species that are at high risk of becoming extinct.
What are National Wildlife Refuges?
National Wildlife Refuges are areas of land and water managed by the United States government. Their main goal is to protect wildlife and their homes. Think of them as safe havens where animals and plants can live and thrive without many threats. The first refuge was created in 1903 by President Theodore Roosevelt.
Why are these Refuges Important?
These special refuges help protect animals and plants that are struggling to survive. Many species face dangers like losing their homes, pollution, or climate change. By setting aside these areas, scientists and conservationists can work to help these species recover. It's like giving them a hospital and a safe neighborhood all in one!
What is an Endangered Species?
An endangered species is a type of animal or plant that is very likely to become extinct. Extinct means that every single one of that species has died out, and they are gone forever. The United States Fish and Wildlife Service keeps a list of these species. They work hard to protect them so they don't disappear.
How do Refuges Help Endangered Species?
National Wildlife Refuges protect endangered species in many ways:
- Protecting Homes: They save the natural places where these animals and plants live. This includes forests, wetlands, deserts, and more.
- Reducing Threats: They work to stop things that harm the species, like pollution or too much human activity.
- Helping Them Grow: Sometimes, scientists help endangered animals reproduce or plant more endangered plants. They might even raise young animals in safe places before releasing them.
- Research: Experts study these species to learn more about them. This helps them figure out the best ways to protect them.
National Wildlife Refuges for Endangered Species
The table below lists many National Wildlife Refuges that were created specifically to protect endangered species. You can see the state, the refuge name, the species they protect, and how large the refuge is.
State |
Unit name |
Species of concern |
Unit area (acres) |
Alabama |
Sauta Cave NWR |
Indiana bat, gray bat |
264 |
|
Fern Cave NWR |
Indiana bat, gray bat |
199 |
|
Key Cave NWR |
Alabama cavefish, gray bat |
1,060 |
|
Watercress Darter NWR |
Watercress darter |
25 |
Arizona |
Buenos Aires NWR |
Masked bobwhite quail |
116,585 |
|
Leslie Canyon NWR |
Gila topminnow, Yaqui chub, peregrine falcon |
2,765 |
|
San Bernardino NWR |
Gila topminnow, Yaqui chub, Yaqui catfish, beautiful shiner, Huachuca water umbel |
2,369 |
Arkansas |
Logan Cave NWR |
Cave crayfish, gray bat, Indiana bat, Ozark cavefish |
124 |
California |
Antioch Dunes NWR |
Lange's metalmark butterfly, Antioch Dunes evening-primrose, Contra Costa wallflower |
55 |
|
Bitter Creek NWR |
California condor |
14,054 |
|
Blue Ridge NWR |
California condor |
897 |
|
Castle Rock NWR |
Aleutian Canada goose |
14 |
|
Coachella Valley NWR |
Coachella Valley fringe-toed lizard |
3,592 |
|
Don Edwards San Francisco Bay NWR |
California clapper rail, California least tern, salt marsh harvest mouse |
21,524 |
|
Ellicott Slough NWR |
Santa Cruz long-toed salamander |
139 |
|
Hopper Mountain NWR |
California condor |
2,471 |
|
Sacramento River NWR |
Valley elderberry longhorn beetle, bald eagle, least Bell's vireo |
7,884 |
|
San Diego NWR |
San Diego fairy shrimp, San Diego mesa mint, Otay mesa mint, California Orcutt grass, San Diego button-celery |
1,840 |
|
San Joaquin River NWR |
Aleutian Canada goose |
1,638 |
|
Seal Beach NWR |
Light-footed clapper rail, California least tern |
911 |
|
Sweetwater Marsh NWR |
Light-footed clapper rail |
316 |
|
Tijuana Slough NWR |
Light-footed clapper rail |
1,023 |
Florida |
Archie Carr NWR |
Loggerhead sea turtle, green sea turtle |
29 |
|
Crocodile Lake NWR |
American crocodile |
6,686 |
|
Crystal River NWR |
West Indian manatee |
80 |
|
Florida Panther NWR |
Florida panther |
23,379 |
|
Hobe Sound NWR |
Loggerhead sea turtle, green sea turtle |
980 |
|
Lake Wales Ridge NWR |
Florida scrub jay, snakeroot, scrub blazing star, Carter's mustard, papery Whitlow-wort, Florida bonamia, scrub lupine, highlands scrub hypericum, Garrett's mint, scrub mint, pygmy fringe-tree, wireweed, Florida ziziphus, scrub plum, eastern indigo snake, bluetail mole skink, sand skink |
659 |
|
National Key Deer Refuge |
Key deer |
8,542 |
|
St. Johns NWR |
Dusky seaside sparrow |
6,255 |
Hawaii |
Hakalau Forest NWR |
Akepa, akiapolaau, 'o'u, Hawaiian hawk, Hawaiian creeper |
32,730 |
|
Hanalei NWR |
Hawaiian stilt, Hawaiian coot, Hawaiian gallinule, Hawaiian duck |
917 |
|
Huleia NWR |
Hawaiian stilt, Hawaiian coot, Hawaiian gallinule, Hawaiian duck |
241 |
|
James C. Campbell NWR |
Hawaiian stilt, Hawaiian coot, Hawaiian gallinule, Hawaiian duck |
164 |
|
Kakahaia NWR |
Hawaiian stilt, Hawaiian coot |
45 |
|
Kealia Pond NWR |
Hawaiian stilt, Hawaiian coot |
691 |
|
Pearl Harbor NWR |
Hawaiian stilt |
61 |
Iowa |
Driftless Area NWR |
Iowa Pleistocene snail |
521 |
Massachusetts |
Massasoit NWR |
Plymouth red-bellied turtle |
184 |
Michigan |
Kirtlands Warbler Wildlife Management Area |
Kirtland's warbler |
6,535 |
Mississippi |
Mississippi Sandhill Crane NWR |
Mississippi sandhill crane |
19,713 |
Missouri |
Ozark Cavefish NWR |
Ozark cavefish |
42 |
|
Pilot Knob NWR |
Indiana bat |
90 |
Montana |
Red Rock LakesNWR |
Trumpeter swan |
65,810 |
Nebraska |
Karl E. Mundt NWR |
Bald eagle |
19 |
Nevada |
Ash Meadows NWR |
Devil's Hole pupfish, Warm Springs pupfish, Ash Meadows Amargosa pupfish, Ash Meadows speckled dace, Ash Meadows naucorid, Ash Meadows blazing star, Amargosa niterwort, Ash Meadows milk-vetch, Ash Meadows sunray, spring-loving centaury, Ash Meadows gumplant, Ash Meadows ivesia |
13,268 |
|
Moapa Valley NWR |
Moapa dace |
32 |
Oklahoma |
Ozark Plateau NWR |
Ozark big-eared bat, gray bat |
2,208 |
Oregon |
Bear Valley NWR |
Bald eagle |
4,200 |
|
Julia Butler Hansen Refuge for the Columbian White-tail Deer |
Columbian white-tailed deer |
2,750 |
|
Nestucca Bay NWR |
Aleutian Canada goose |
457 |
Puerto Rico |
Cabo Rojo NWR |
Yellow-shouldered blackbird |
1,836 |
|
Culebra NWR |
Hawksbill sea turtle, leatherback sea turtle |
1,450 |
|
Desecheo NWR |
Hawksbill sea turtle, Puerto Rico applecactus |
360 |
|
Laguna Cartagena NWR |
Yellow-shouldered blackbird |
1,059 |
|
Vieques NWR |
Antillean manatee, hawksbill sea turtle, leatherback sea turtle |
|
South Dakota |
Karl E. Mundt NWR |
Bald eagle |
1,044 |
Texas |
Attwater Prairie Chicken NWR |
Attwater's greater prairie chicken |
8,007 |
|
Balcones Canyonlands NWR |
Black-capped vireo, golden-cheeked warbler |
14,144 |
US Virgin Islands |
Green Cay NWR |
St. Croix ground lizard |
14 |
|
Sandy Point NWR |
Leatherback sea turtle |
327 |
Virginia |
James River NWR |
Bald eagle |
4,147 |
|
Mason Neck NWR |
Bald eagle |
2,276 |
Washington |
Julia Butler Hansen Refuge for the Columbian White-tail Deer |
Columbian white-tailed deer |
2,777 |
Wyoming |
Mortenson Lake NWR |
Wyoming toad |
1,776 |
See also