1356 facts for kids

The year 1356 was a time of big changes and important events across Europe. Kings fought battles, new laws were made, and cities grew stronger through trade. It was a year that shaped the future of several countries, from Scotland to the Holy Roman Empire.

Major Events of 1356

Wars and Royal Changes

• On January 20, Edward Balliol gave up his role as King of Scotland. He handed his claim to the throne over to Edward III of England. This was a big moment in the long history between Scotland and England.
• A major battle called the Battle of Poitiers took place on September 19. The English army, led by the Black Prince, fought against the French during the Hundred Years' War. The English won a big victory and even captured King John II of France.

Important Laws and Alliances

• On December 25, Emperor Charles IV announced something very important called the Golden Bull. This was like a set of rules or a constitution for the Holy Roman Empire. It explained how future emperors would be chosen and how the different parts of the empire would work together.
• The city of Lwów was given special trading and self-governing rights, known as Magdeburg rights, by King Casimir III of Poland. This helped the city grow and become more powerful.
• The Hanseatic League was officially started. This was a powerful group of trading cities in northern Europe. They worked together to protect their trade routes and make sure their businesses were successful.

Changes to Ancient Wonders

• Many of the smooth limestone casing stones that covered the Great Pyramid of Giza were removed. This happened because the Bahri Sultan An-Nasir Nasir-ad-Din al-Hasan used them to build new fortresses and mosques in the nearby city of Cairo. This is why the pyramid looks like it has steps today, instead of being smooth.

Other Notable Events

• During an event known as Burnt Candlemas, Edward III of England ordered the burning of many towns and villages in Lothian, Scotland. This was part of the ongoing conflict between England and Scotland.
• Ghazan II became the new ruler of the Ilkhanate in Persia, taking over from Anusirvan.

People Born in 1356

• King Martin I of Aragon was born this year. He later became a king in Spain. (He died in 1410).

People Who Died in 1356

• Several important people died on September 19 during the Battle of Poitiers:
  • Peter I, Duke of Bourbon (born 1311)
  • Walter VI of Brienne, who was a high-ranking military leader in France called the Constable of France (born 1304)

See also

In Spanish: 1356 para niños