Hyde County, North Carolina facts for kids
Quick facts for kids
Hyde County
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Hyde County Courthouse in Swan Quarter
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Location within the U.S. state of North Carolina
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 North Carolina's location within the U.S. |
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| Country |  United States |
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| State |  North Carolina |
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| Founded | 1712 | |
| Named for | Edward Hyde | |
| Seat | Swan Quarter | |
| Largest community | Ocracoke | |
| Area | ||
| • Total | 1,459.05 sq mi (3,778.9 km2) | |
| • Land | 612.35 sq mi (1,586.0 km2) | |
| • Water | 846.70 sq mi (2,192.9 km2) 58.03% | |
| Population
(2020)
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| • Total | 4,589 | |
| • Estimate
(2023)
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4,607 | |
| • Density | 7.49/sq mi (2.89/km2) | |
| Time zone | UTC−5 (Eastern) | |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−4 (EDT) | |
| Congressional district | 3rd | |
Hyde County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 4,589, making it the second-least populous county in North Carolina. Its county seat is Swan Quarter. The county was created in 1705 as Wickham Precinct. It was renamed Hyde Precinct in 1712 and gained county status in 1739.
Contents
History
Early history and creation
Sources conflict over when the area that eventually grew to encompass Hyde County was settled by Europeans. The earliest known colonial land deeds in the present day county date from 1704 or 1705. European settlement remained sparse over the subsequent decades, though the English established a small for on the northern shore of Lake Mattamuskeet. In 1711, Algonquin-speaking Native Americans in the area joined with the proximate Tuscarora people in launching a war against the settlers. The conflict was won by the settlers in 1715, with many captured Native Americans enslaved and the remaining Tuscaroras largely expelled from North Carolina. The local Algonquin natives were gathered on the newly created Mattamuskeet Reservation, which comprised most of the eastern mainland section of what eventually became Hyde County. Due to pressure from the settlers, the Native Americans began selling their land in 1731. By 1792, all of the reservation had been sold, and its inhabitants either left the region or intermarried with local European Americans and African Americans.
The county was formed December 3, 1705, as Wickham Precinct, one of three precincts within Bath County. The name Wickham was derived from the manor of Temple Wycombe in Buckinghamshire, England, the family home of John Archdale, governor of North and South Carolina from 1695 to 1696. In 1712, it was renamed Hyde Precinct for Edward Hyde, Governor of North Carolina from 1711 to 1712. In 1739, Bath County was abolished, and Hyde Precinct became Hyde County. In 1745, Lake Mattamuskeet and its adjoining territory were transferred from Currituck County to Hyde County.
Antebellum
Communities coalesced and churches were formed in the aftermath of the Revolutionary War.
In 1819, the portion of Hyde County west of the Pungo River was annexed by Beaufort County. Four years later, the area of Currituck County south of New Inlet was transferred to Hyde County. This area included Hatteras Island.
In 1834, an "apprenticeship" program was begun whereby local Native American children were placed under the tutelage of white families to learn trades. Lasting until 1865, the policy resulted in the loss of much independent Native American cultural identity in the area. In 1845, Ocracoke Island was transferred from Carteret County to Hyde County. Ocracoke benefitted from a modest shipping industry which persisted into the mid-1800s, while the mainland portion of county was largely agrarian, though farmers struggled in the swampy terrain. Locals also fished and harvested oysters. In 1860, 37.4% of Hyde's population were slaves—a proportion lower than many other counties in eastern North Carolina.
Later history
Local residents were divided by the outbreak of the American Civil War, though a number enlisted into the Confederate States Army. Several skirmishes took place in the county between federal and Confederate forces during 1863 and 1864, and a substantial number of slaves fled to federally-held territory to seek their emancipation.
During the Reconstruction era after the war, some residents, white and newly freed blacks, migrated out of Hyde. In 1870, Hyde County was reduced to its present dimensions, when its northeastern part was combined with parts of Currituck County and Tyrrell County to form Dare County. Northern investors also took an interest in the county during Reconstruction, particularly in the harvest of timber. Between 1870 and 1920, the county experienced some economic prosperity due to the logging of cypress, juniper, and oak trees. Several sawmills and railroads were established. The industry declined as the county's forests thinned, before being overcome by the Great Depression. Hyde County received its first paved road in the 1920s and gained electric service in 1935.
By the mid-20th century, the agriculturally-reliant county was in economic and demographic decline, benefiting none from the public infrastructure investments and industrial growth of the postwar economic boom occurring elsewhere in the state. Several towns that had prospered in the early 1900s were left totally abandoned, and the vast majority of county residents were impoverished. The timber industry continued to provide some employment, while after World War II the seafood packing industry grew. Jim Crow racial segregation took hold after the close of the 19th century and persisted, depriving blacks of political and economic opportunities available to whites. In 1950, about one third of white residents had access to hot running water and flushing toilets, while no blacks had such amenities, and tended to live near small creeks and drainage canals. Racial separation was less pronounced on Ocracoke Island, where blacks and whites lived in closer physical proximity to one another.
Geography and physical features
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,459.05 square miles (3,778.9 km2), of which 612.35 square miles (1,586.0 km2) is land and 846.70 square miles (2,192.9 km2) (58.03%) is water. It is the second-largest county in North Carolina by total area. Hyde County's comprises an inland portion and Ocracoke Island, a part of the Outer Banks. It is bordered by Dare and Tyrrell counties to the north, by Washington County to the northwest, by Beaufort County to the west, and by Pamlico and Carteret counties to the southwest. The mainland portion of the county also borders the Pamlico Sound, while Ocracoke Island rests on the Atlantic Ocean.
Hyde County is characterized by many swamps. It has a flat topography and its highest point, a spot west of Alligator Lake, rests about 18 feet above sea level. Owing to its low elevation, the county suffers from frequent flooding and saltwater intrusion of its soil. Lake Mattamuskeet is the largest naturally-occurring lake in North Carolina.
Hyde County is within the path of the Atlantic Flyway, and thus features seasonal populations of various migratory waterfowl species, including tundra swan and Canada geese.
National protected areas
- Alligator River National Wildlife Refuge (part)
- Cape Hatteras National Seashore (part)
- Mattamuskeet National Wildlife Refuge
- Pocosin Lakes National Wildlife Refuge (part)
- Swanquarter National Wildlife Refuge
- Swanquarter Wilderness
State and local protected areas
- Dare Game Land (part)
- Emily and Richardson Preyer Buckridge Reserve (part)
- Gull Rock Game Land
- Hatteras Inlet Crab Spawning Sanctuary (part)
- New Lake Game Land
- Pungo River Game Land
Major water bodies
- Albemarle Sound
- Alligator Lake
- Alligator River
- Atlantic Ocean (North Atlantic Ocean)
- Hatteras Inlet
- Intracoastal Waterway
- Lake Mattamuskeet
- Ocracoke Inlet
- Pamlico River
- Pamlico Sound
- Pungo Lake
- Pungo River
- Raleigh Bay
Major highways
US 264
NC 12
NC 45
NC 94
NC 99
Major infrastructure
- Cedar Island–Ocracoke Ferry (to Carteret County)
- Hatteras–Ocracoke Ferry (to Dare County)
- Swan Quarter–Ocracoke Ferry
Demographics
| Historical population | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Census | Pop. | %± | |
| 1790 | 4,204 | — | |
| 1800 | 4,829 | 14.9% | |
| 1810 | 6,029 | 24.8% | |
| 1820 | 4,967 | −17.6% | |
| 1830 | 6,184 | 24.5% | |
| 1840 | 6,458 | 4.4% | |
| 1850 | 7,636 | 18.2% | |
| 1860 | 7,732 | 1.3% | |
| 1870 | 6,445 | −16.6% | |
| 1880 | 7,765 | 20.5% | |
| 1890 | 8,903 | 14.7% | |
| 1900 | 9,278 | 4.2% | |
| 1910 | 8,840 | −4.7% | |
| 1920 | 8,386 | −5.1% | |
| 1930 | 8,550 | 2.0% | |
| 1940 | 7,860 | −8.1% | |
| 1950 | 6,479 | −17.6% | |
| 1960 | 5,765 | −11.0% | |
| 1970 | 5,571 | −3.4% | |
| 1980 | 5,873 | 5.4% | |
| 1990 | 5,411 | −7.9% | |
| 2000 | 5,826 | 7.7% | |
| 2010 | 5,810 | −0.3% | |
| 2020 | 4,589 | −21.0% | |
| 2023 (est.) | 4,607 | −20.7% | |
| U.S. Decennial Census 1790–1960 1900–1990 1990–2000 2010 2020 |
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2020 census
| Race | Number | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| White (non-Hispanic) | 2,928 | 63.8% |
| Black or African American (non-Hispanic) | 1,152 | 25.1% |
| Native American | 7 | 0.15% |
| Asian | 7 | 0.15% |
| Pacific Islander | 2 | 0.04% |
| Other/Mixed | 146 | 3.18% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 347 | 7.56% |
As of the 2020 census, there were 4,589 people in Hyde, making it the second-least populous county in North Carolina.
Demographic change
Hyde County's population peaked with 9,278 people in 1900. Between 1900 and 2000, the county's population declined by almost 50 percent. Between the 2010 and 2020 censuses, Hyde's population dropped by 21 percent, one of the largest population drops by percentage in the state.
Economy
Hyde is one of the poorest counties in North Carolina. The economy is sustained by agriculture, fishing, and tourism. Most of the county's businesses are concentrated on Ocracoke Island and cater to tourists.
Education
Hyde County is home to the smallest public school system in North Carolina. The Hyde County Schools comprises two schools.
- Mattamuskeet School, K-12 serves the mainland
- Ocracoke School, K-12 serves Ocracoke Island
The only private school in Hyde County is a small Mennonite school located in the northwest section of the county. This school serves the county's Mennonite population.
According to the 2022 American Community Survey, an estimated 16.4 percent of county residents have attained a bachelor's degree or higher level of education.
Healthcare
Hyde County's last hospital closed in 2014. It is one of three counties in North Carolina with no private dental practitioners.
Culture
Hyde County is a popular destination for fishing and bear and duck hunting. Ocracoke attracts many tourists. Most families that reside in Hyde County have generational roots there, and many black and white families share surnames. Historically, natives of both mainland Hyde County and Ocracoke Island often spoke a Hoi Toider dialect of English. The trend has declined over time, and, particularly since the 1970s, newer generations of local African Americans tend to speak a dialect closer to urban variants of African-American Vernacular English.
Media
Hyde County is home to two full power radio stations, WKHC 97.1 FM and WCMS-FM 94.5. These stations are licensed to Hatteras, NC but maintain transmitter facilities outside of Engelhard.
Ocracoke Island is home to WOVV 90.1 FM, a low power non-commercial station.
WHYC 88.5 FM is located on the campus of Mattamuskeet School in Swan Quarter. WHYC is one of only two high school operated stations in North Carolina.
Communities
Hyde County has no incorporated municipalities. There are five townships: Currituck, Fairfield, Lake Landing, Ocracoke, and Swan Quarter.
Census-designated places
- Engelhard
- Fairfield
- Ocracoke (largest community)
- Swan Quarter (county seat)
Unincorporated communities
- Germantown
- Last Chance
- Nebraska
- Scranton
- Ponzer
- Sladesville
Townships
- Currituck
- Fairfield
- Lake Landing
- Ocracoke
- Swan Quarter
A sixth township, Mattamuskeet, is now "unorganized territory" occupied by the federally controlled Mattamuskeet National Wildlife Refuge.
See also
In Spanish: Condado de Hyde (Carolina del Norte) para niños
