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Leon Panetta
Leon Panetta, official DoD photo portrait, 2011.jpg
Official portrait, 2011
23rd Secretary of Defense
In office
July 1, 2011 – February 26, 2013
President Barack Obama
Deputy William J. Lynn III
Ash Carter
Preceded by Robert Gates
Succeeded by Chuck Hagel
3rd Director of the CIA
In office
February 13, 2009 – June 30, 2011
President Barack Obama
Deputy Stephen Kappes
Michael Morell
Preceded by Michael Hayden
Succeeded by David Petraeus
18th White House Chief of Staff
In office
July 17, 1994 – January 20, 1997
President Bill Clinton
Preceded by Mack McLarty
Succeeded by Erskine Bowles
29th Director of the Office of Management and Budget
In office
January 21, 1993 – July 17, 1994
President Bill Clinton
Preceded by Richard Darman
Succeeded by Alice Rivlin
Chair of the House Budget Committee
In office
January 3, 1989 – January 21, 1993
Preceded by William H. Gray
Succeeded by Martin Olav Sabo
Member of the
U.S. House of Representatives
from California
In office
January 3, 1977 – January 21, 1993
Preceded by Burt Talcott
Succeeded by Sam Farr
Constituency 16th district (1977–1993)
17th district (1993)
Personal details
Born
Leon Edward Panetta

(1938-06-28) June 28, 1938 (age 87)
Monterey, California, U.S.
Political party Democratic (1971–present)
Other political
affiliations
Republican (before 1971)
Spouse Sylvia Varni
Children 3, including Jimmy
Education Santa Clara University (BA, JD)
Signature
Military service
Branch/service United States Army
Years of service 1964–1966
Rank First Lieutenant
Awards Army Commendation Medal

Leon Edward Panetta (born June 28, 1938) is an American who used to be a politician and government official. He has held many important jobs in the U.S. government. These include being the Secretary of Defense (2011–2013), the director of the CIA (2009–2011), and the White House Chief of Staff (1994–1997). He also served as a U.S. representative for California (1977–1993).

Panetta was a member of the United States House of Representatives for many years. He worked for President Bill Clinton as the director of the Office of Management and Budget and later as the White House Chief of Staff. After leaving government, he helped start the Panetta Institute for Public Policy.

In 2009, President Barack Obama chose Panetta to lead the Central Intelligence Agency. As CIA director, Panetta was in charge when the operation that killed Osama bin Laden happened. Later, he became the Secretary of Defense. Since retiring in 2013, Panetta has continued to work with the Panetta Institute, which helps people get involved in public service. His son, Jimmy Panetta, now holds his father's old seat in the U.S. House of Representatives.

Early Life and Education

Panetta was born in Monterey, California. His parents were Italian immigrants from Siderno in Calabria, Italy. In the 1940s, his family owned a restaurant in Monterey.

He grew up in the Monterey area and went to Catholic elementary schools. He attended Monterey High School, a public school. There, he was very active in student government, becoming student body president in his senior year. In 1960, he graduated with high honors (magna cum laude) from Santa Clara University. He then earned a law degree from the Santa Clara University School of Law in 1963.

Military Service

In 1964, Panetta joined the United States Army as a Second Lieutenant. He worked in Army Military Intelligence. He received the Army Commendation Medal for his service. In 1966, he left the Army as a First Lieutenant.

Political Career Highlights

Starting in Politics

Panetta began his political career in 1966. He worked as an assistant for Republican Senator Thomas Kuchel from California. In 1969, he became an assistant to Robert H. Finch, who was the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare. Panetta was then made director of the Office for Civil Rights.

Panetta strongly supported enforcing civil rights laws, even when President Nixon wanted to slow down these efforts. Because of his strong stance, Panetta left his government role in 1970. He then worked for the mayor of New York City, John Lindsay. From 1971 to 1976, Panetta practiced law in Monterey.

Serving in the U.S. House of Representatives

Leon Panetta congressional photo 1977
1977 congressional portrait of Panetta

In 1971, Panetta joined the Democratic Party. He felt the Republican Party was moving too far from the middle. In 1976, he was elected to the U.S. Congress to represent California's 16th district. He won this election and was reelected eight more times.

While in Congress, Panetta focused on important issues. These included the national budget, civil rights, education, healthcare, and protecting the environment. He helped create the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary. He also worked to establish California State University, Monterey Bay at the former Fort Ord military base.

Panetta was a key member of the United States House Committee on the Budget. He served on this committee from 1979 to 1989, and was its chairman from 1989 to 1993.

Leading the Office of Management and Budget

Even though he was reelected to Congress in 1992, Panetta left the House in 1993. President Bill Clinton chose him to be the director of the United States Office of Management and Budget. In this role, Panetta helped create the budget plan that led to a balanced budget in 1998.

White House Chief of Staff

President Bill Clinton with Anthony Lake and Leon Panetta
Panetta with President Bill Clinton and Anthony Lake in October 1994

In 1994, President Clinton asked Panetta to become his new White House Chief of Staff. This is a very important job, helping the president manage the White House and its many activities. Panetta held this position until 1997. He was also a main negotiator for the 1996 budget.

Director of the CIA

Nomination and Confirmation

Barack Obama speaks at the CIA 4-20-09
President Barack Obama speaks to CIA employees at CIA Headquarters in Langley, April 20, 2009

On January 5, 2009, President-elect Barack Obama announced he wanted Panetta to be the director of the Central Intelligence Agency. Some people wondered about Panetta's experience in intelligence. However, others pointed out his close ties to the president and his past work reviewing intelligence programs. On February 12, 2009, the Senate approved his nomination.

Time as CIA Director

Leon Panetta official portrait
Panetta as director of the CIA

Panetta was sworn in as CIA director on February 19, 2009. He traveled widely to meet with intelligence leaders around the world. He worked with them to fight against threats from extremist groups.

As CIA director, Panetta oversaw the search for terrorist leader Osama bin Laden. He played a key part in the operation that killed bin Laden on May 1, 2011.

Secretary of Defense (2011–2013)

Nomination and Inauguration

Leon Panetta swearing in ceremony
Panetta being sworn in as Secretary of Defense

On April 28, 2011, President Obama announced that Panetta would be the new United States Secretary of Defense. This role involves leading the entire U.S. military. On June 21, 2011, the Senate confirmed Panetta with a unanimous vote. He officially started the job on July 1, 2011.

Key Actions as Defense Secretary

One of Panetta's first big actions was to help end the "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" policy. This allowed openly gay people to serve in the military.

He also worked on the defense budget. Panetta warned that big cuts could weaken the military. He helped create a new defense strategy for the country. He also looked at ways to manage military healthcare costs.

Defense.gov News Photo 120411-D-BW835-023 - Secretary of Defense Leon E. Panetta stands with Saudi Arabian Minister of Defense Prince Salman bin Abd al-Aziz Al Saud as he signs the guest book
Panetta with Saudi Arabian Minister of Defense Prince Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, Pentagon, April 11, 2012
Leon Panetta shakes hands with Italian Prime Minister Mario Monti
Jake Tapper and Leon E. Panetta interview-1 (May 25, 2012)
Panetta being interviewed by Jake Tapper, May 2012

Another important issue during his time was preventing Iran from developing nuclear weapons. Panetta stated that the U.S. would not allow Iran to cross this "red line."

In January 2013, before he left his role, Panetta announced a major change. Women would be allowed to enter all combat jobs in the military. This was a historic step for women in the armed forces.

Other Activities and Later Career

Leon Panetta speaks at King's College London
Panetta giving his farewell speech to Europe at King's College London in January 2013
Praying hands in 2012 detail, Secretary of Defense Leon E. Panetta gives the traditional Cambodian thank you from the steps of his aircraft before departing Siem Reap, Cambodia, on Nov 121116-D-BW835-927 (cropped)
Secretary of Defense Leon E. Panetta gives the traditional Cambodian thank you from the steps of his aircraft before departing Siem Reap, Cambodia on 16 November 2012

In 1997, Panetta and his wife, Sylvia, started the Panetta Institute for Public Policy. This institute is located at California State University, Monterey Bay. Panetta helped create this university campus when he was a Congressman. The institute aims to inspire and prepare people for public service.

Panetta has also been a strong supporter of protecting the world's oceans. He chaired the Pew Oceans Commission. This group studied how to better manage and protect ocean resources.

In 2014, Panetta wrote his memoir called Worthy Fights. In the book, he shared stories from his long career in public service.

DNC 2016 -Leon Panetta
Panetta speaks at the 2016 Democratic National Convention, July 27, 2016
191207-D-BN624-0159 (49185332058)
Panetta with Defense Secretary Mark Esper on December 7, 2019

Panetta spoke at the 2016 Democratic National Convention. He continues to advise on important national issues. For example, he joined a group of former defense secretaries in 2021. They published an article telling President Trump not to involve the military in election results.

He also joined the Council for Responsible Social Media in 2022. This project works to address the negative effects of social media in the United States.

Other Roles and Boards

Panetta has served on the boards of many organizations. These include:

He is also a member of the Advisory Board for the Partnership for a Secure America. This group works to find solutions for national security and foreign policy issues.

Personal Life

Panetta is Catholic. He is married to Sylvia Marie Varni. She managed his local offices when he was in Congress. They live on their family's 12-acre walnut farm in Carmel Valley, California. They have three sons and six grandchildren. In 2016, his son, Jimmy Panetta, was elected to his father's former congressional seat.

Awards and Honors

Images for kids

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