Great Barrington, Massachusetts facts for kids
Quick facts for kids
Great Barrington, Massachusetts
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Town
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View from Main Street in the spring
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| Etymology: Village of Great Barrington in Gloucestershire, England | ||
Location in Berkshire County and the state of Massachusetts
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| Country | United States | |
| State | Massachusetts | |
| Region | Western Massachusetts | |
| County | Berkshire County, Massachusetts | |
| Settled | 1726 | |
| Area | ||
| • Total | 45.8 sq mi (119 km2) | |
| • Land | 44.8 sq mi (116 km2) | |
| • Water | 1.0 sq mi (3 km2) | |
| Population
(2020)
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| • Total | 7,172 | |
| • Density | 156.59/sq mi (60.46/km2) | |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) | |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) | |
| ZIP Code |
01230
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| Area code(s) | 413 | |
| FIPS code | 25-26815 | |
| GNIS feature ID | 0619420 | |
Great Barrington is a town in Berkshire County, Massachusetts, United States. It is part of the Pittsfield, Massachusetts, Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 7,172 at the 2020 census. Both a summer resort and home to Ski Butternut, a ski resort, Great Barrington includes the villages of Van Deusenville and Housatonic.
Contents
History
Early history: 1724–1995
The Mahican Indians called the area Mahaiwe, meaning "the place downstream". It lay on the New England Path, which connected Fort Orange near Albany, New York, with Springfield and Massachusetts Bay.
On April 25, 1724 Captain John Ashley of Westfield, Massachusetts bought on behalf of himself and a committee of the Massachusetts General Court the land that became the towns of Great Barrington, Sheffield, Egremont, Alford, Mount Washington, and Boston Corner for £460, three barrels of "sider," and thirty quarts of rum from 21 Native American sachems headed by Conkepot Poneyote. The Konkapot River in southwestern Massachusetts is named after him.
The village was first settled by colonists in 1726 and from 1742–1761 was the north parish of Sheffield. In 1761, it was officially incorporated as Great Barrington, named after the village of Great Barrington in Gloucestershire, England.
In the summer of 1774, 1,500 men shut down the Berkshire County Court in response to British oppression. In the winter of 1776, Henry Knox passed through Great Barrington while transporting the cannon from Fort Ticonderoga to the Siege of Boston. Due to his time in the area, he established an agricultural interest in the area of Great Barrington.
With the arrival of the railroad in the late 19th century, Great Barrington developed as a Gilded Age resort community for those seeking relief from the heat and pollution of cities. Wealthy families built grand homes called Berkshire Cottages here, as others would in Lenox and Stockbridge. Among the earliest estates was that built by New York City banker, industrialist and art patron David Leavitt, who built an elaborate 300-acre (1.2 km2) estate, and was soon followed by those of his sons nearby. Leavitt was instrumental in the development of the local Housatonic Railroad, serving as its president.
Later estates included Searles Castle, commissioned in 1888 by the widow of Mark Hopkins together with her second husband, Edward Francis Searles, and "Brookside", built for William Hall Walker. In 1895, Colonel William L. Brown, part owner of the New York Daily News, presented Great Barrington with a statue of a newsboy, now a landmark on the western edge of town.
W. E. B. Du Bois
Great Barrington is the birthplace of W. E. B. Du Bois, an African-American academic and civil rights activist, most known for being one of the co-founders of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1909. Du Bois was born on February 23, 1868, at a house later replaced by where present-day Route 23 would run. As a child, Du Bois attended the Congregational Church. Many of these church members donated the funds needed for Du Bois to attend college. Du Bois lived in the town until he was seventeen. The W.E.B. Du Bois Boyhood Homesite has interpretive trails and a walking tour.
World's first alternating current/transformer system
In November 1885 electrical engineer William Stanley, Jr., a sometimes Great Barrington resident working for George Westinghouse, began installing a demonstration transformer based alternating current lighting system, an improvement over the direct current system being used by Thomas Edison that Stanley was trying to get Westinghouse to adopt. Stanley had developed a series transformer that he thought would make AC practical. He built his components at the 'Old Rubber Factory" south of Cottage Street and installed a Westinghouse steam engine powering a 500 volt Siemens generator. Stringing the power lines from tree to tree down the street, in March 1886 Stanley powered the system up and was able to expand it to the point where it could light 23 businesses along Main Street with very little power loss over 4000 feet. The system's 500 AC volt current was stepped down to 100 volts using the new Stanley transformer to power incandescent lamps at each location. This was the world's first practical demonstration of a transformer/alternating current system and the basis of the AC systems that Westinghouse would begin installing later that year.
Alice's Restaurant
Arlo Guthrie's song "Alice's Restaurant," which runs for 18½ minutes, is based on true-life events of the late-20th century in Great Barrington and the adjoining towns of Stockbridge and Lee. The Old Trinity Church, which was the home of Ray and Alice Brock at the time of these incidents, and is now owned by Guthrie, is at 4 Van Deusenville Road in Great Barrington.
Recent history
On October 18, 1990, Richard Stanley purchased the old Miller Hotel, also known as the Barrington House. Stanley started to upgrade the building, evicting tenants who had been involved in drugs. He removed the 1960s aluminum facade and returned the historic building through renovation to its 1929 appearance.
The town was the site of an F4 tornado around 7:00 PM on Memorial Day, May 29, 1995. The tornado killed three people and caused damage in the area.
On November 15, 1995, Richard Stanley and Joseph Wasserman opened The Triplex Cinema in the heart of Great Barrington. This contributed to further developments in the town, changing the economy and enhancing its desirability by providing a place for community events. With increased appeal as a destination, the town attracted new restaurants and retail shops, which opened on both Main Street and Railroad Street. Both streets previously had many vacant shops. The Berkshire Eagle reported that Great Barrington had 50 places to eat in a town of 7,700 people.
On July 24, 2009, Great Barrington was named an Appalachian Trail Community by application and acceptance by the Appalachian Trail Conservancy.
On June 1, 2010, a new fire station was opened for the Great Barrington Fire Department, located on Route 7. The new fire station replaced the old one, located on Castle Street. It had deteriorated and was too small for the growing needs of the fire department. The new $9.1 million facility was planned as a center for community events such as elections. It serves as the hub for emergency operations in southern Berkshire County.
The town celebrated its 250th anniversary with a large parade on July 10, 2011. Other events celebrating the 250th anniversary were held throughout the year as well.
The "Main Street Reconstruction Project" was launched in 2011, involving major improvements along Main Street between Saint James Place and Cottage Street. The plan elements include new pavement, new sidewalks, sewer and utility improvements, and the removal of the large trees that span Main Street, to be replaced with a much wider array of trees of varying sizes and growth habits.<http://theberkshireedge.com/part-ii-great-barringtons-main-street-remarkable-trees/> The project had finished its design phase as of 2012, and construction was to be completed in 2016.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has an area of 45.8 square miles (118.6 km2), of which 44.8 square miles (116.1 km2) is land and 0.97 square miles (2.5 km2), or 2.09%, is water. Great Barrington is bordered by West Stockbridge, Stockbridge and Lee to the north, Tyringham to the northeast, Monterey to the east, New Marlborough to the southeast, Sheffield to the south, Egremont to the southwest, and Alford to the northwest. The town is 20 miles (32 km) south of Pittsfield, 46 miles (74 km) west of Springfield, 135 miles (217 km) west of Boston, and 120 miles (190 km) north-northeast of New York City.
Great Barrington is in the valley of the Housatonic River. The Williams River, Green River and several brooks also flow through the valley into the Housatonic. To the east of the river, several mountains of the Berkshires rise, including East Mountain (site of the Ski Butternut resort (also known as Butternut Basin) and a state forest), Beartown Mountain (and the majority of Beartown State Forest) and Monument Mountain. The Appalachian Trail crosses through East Mountain State Forest in the southeast corner of town. The southwest corner of town is the site of several country clubs and a fairgrounds.
U.S. Route 7 passes through the center of town, and was once part of New England Interstate Route 4 (also known as the New York-Berkshire-Burlington Way). Massachusetts Route 23 passes from west to east through town, combining with Massachusetts Route 41 and U.S. Route 7 in the western part of town and Massachusetts Route 183 in the eastern part of town, which also follows part of the path of Route 7 northward from Route 23 before splitting towards the village of Housatonic. Great Barrington is approximately 12 miles (19 km) south of Exit 2 of Interstate 90 (the Massachusetts Turnpike), the nearest interstate highway.
Climate
| Climate data for Great Barrington, Massachusetts (1981–2010 normals) | |||||||||||||
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| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 33 (1) |
36 (2) |
45 (7) |
58 (14) |
69 (21) |
78 (26) |
82 (28) |
81 (27) |
72 (22) |
60 (16) |
49 (9) |
38 (3) |
58 (15) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 14 (−10) |
16 (−9) |
24 (−4) |
35 (2) |
46 (8) |
55 (13) |
59 (15) |
57 (14) |
49 (9) |
38 (3) |
31 (−1) |
21 (−6) |
37 (3) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 3.39 (86) |
2.98 (76) |
3.62 (92) |
3.99 (101) |
4.53 (115) |
4.40 (112) |
4.57 (116) |
4.47 (114) |
4.14 (105) |
4.69 (119) |
3.95 (100) |
3.90 (99) |
48.63 (1,235) |
Demographics
| Historical population | ||
|---|---|---|
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1850 | 3,264 | — |
| 1860 | 3,871 | +18.6% |
| 1870 | 4,320 | +11.6% |
| 1880 | 4,653 | +7.7% |
| 1890 | 4,012 | −13.8% |
| 1900 | 5,854 | +45.9% |
| 1910 | 5,926 | +1.2% |
| 1920 | 6,315 | +6.6% |
| 1930 | 5,934 | −6.0% |
| 1940 | 5,824 | −1.9% |
| 1950 | 6,712 | +15.2% |
| 1960 | 6,624 | −1.3% |
| 1970 | 7,537 | +13.8% |
| 1980 | 7,405 | −1.8% |
| 1990 | 7,725 | +4.3% |
| 2000 | 7,527 | −2.6% |
| 2010 | 7,104 | −5.6% |
| 2020 | 7,172 | +1.0% |
| 2022* | 7,214 | +0.6% |
| * = population estimate. Source: United States Census records and Population Estimates Program data. |
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As of the census of 2000, there were 7,527 people, 3,008 households, and 1,825 families residing in the town. By population, the town ranks fifth out of the 32 cities and towns in Berkshire County, and 202nd out of 351 cities and towns in Massachusetts. The population density was 166.6 inhabitants per square mile (64.3/km2), ranking it eighth in the county and 268th in the Commonwealth. There were 3,352 housing units at an average density of 74.2 per square mile (28.6/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 94.74% White, 2.09% Black or African American, 0.16% Native American, 1.25% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.70% from other races, and 1.04% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 2.07% of the population. 17% were of Irish descent, 12% Italian, 11% German, 10% English and 9% Polish.
There were 3,008 households, of which 27.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.8% were married couples living together, 11.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.3% were non-families. 32.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.28 and the average family size was 2.89.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 22.6% under the age of 18, 9.0% from 18 to 24, 23.5% from 25 to 44, 26.2% from 45 to 64, and 18.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.8 males.
The town's median household income was $95,490, and the median family income was $103,135. Males had a median income of $68,163 versus $49,474 for females. The town's per capita income was $42,655. About 2.4% of families and 5.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.6% of those under age 18 and 2.5% of those age 65 or over.
Economy
Great Barrington is the location of the Ski Butternut resort. The Berkshire Humane Society operates animal welfare services and pet adoption facilities in the town.
Arts and culture
Sites of interest
- Bard College at Simon's Rock
- First Congregational Church of Great Barrington
- Mahaiwe Performing Arts Center
- Monument Mountain
- Searles Castle
- W.E.B. Du Bois Boyhood Homesite
Great Barrington Declaration
Great Barrington plays host to the American Institute for Economic Research. AIER was founded in 1933 as a non-profit scientific and educational organization. Originally at MIT, it relocated to the southern shore of Great Barrington's Long Pond in 1946. In October 2020 the Institute held a meeting of epidemiologists, economists and journalists to discuss government responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. The result was the Great Barrington Declaration, signed at the Institute's headquarters on October 4, 2020, and released to the public the following day, which advocated an alternative, risk-based approach to the pandemic involving "focused protection" of those most at risk and seeking to avoid or minimize the societal harm of lockdowns.
Education
Great Barrington is the largest town in the Berkshire Hills Regional School District, which includes the towns of Stockbridge and West Stockbridge, and the villages of Housatonic, Glendale and Interlaken. All three school levels are in Great Barrington. Muddy Brook Regional Elementary School offers pre-kindergarten through fourth grade classes and is off Route 7 in the northern part of town. W.E.B Du Bois Regional Middle School offers grades five through eight. Monument Mountain Regional High School (MMRHS) opened in 1968, consolidating the former Searles High School in Great Barrington and Williams High School in Stockbridge, and serves the high school students of the district.
The town is home to several private schools, including the Rudolf Steiner School, the Great Barrington Waldorf High School, and the John Dewey Academy.
Great Barrington is home to Bard College at Simon's Rock, which was the first-ever early college, and remains the only accredited four-year early college program in the country. Also here is the South County Center of the Berkshire Community College. The nearest state university is Westfield State University.
Media
Two radio stations are located in Great Barrington:
- WSBS 860 kHz
- WBCR-LP 97.7 MHz (local variety)
Infrastructure
Transportation
US Route 7 serves as the Main Street in Great Barrington. The town is located about 7 miles (11 kilometers) south of I-90 and the Massachusetts Turnpike, the nearest Interstate Highway.
Ground
Great Barrington is served by the Berkshire Regional Transit Authority, which offers bus transportation throughout Berkshire County. Peter Pan Bus Lines and Greyhound Lines have stops in Great Barrington for long-range bus transportation. The town lies along the Housatonic Railroad line, which roughly follows Route 7 and the river through southern New England.
Air
Walter J. Koladza Airport is in Great Barrington, and features a full service FBO for general aviation aircraft. The closest major airports are Albany, New York and Bradley near Hartford, Connecticut.
Notable people
- Karen Allen, actress known for Raiders of the Lost Ark
- Jim Bouton, major league pitcher
- Caroline Burghardt, Civil War nurse
- Phyllis Curtin, classical soprano
- Benjamin Downing, former state senator
- W. E. B. Du Bois, academic, scholar, activist, journalist, sociologist
- Jackson C. Frank American folk musician
- Michel Gill, actor known for House of Cards
- Cynthia Roberts Gorton, writer
- Thomas Ingersoll, founder of Ingersoll, Ontario; Laura Secord's father
- Anson Jones, doctor, businessperson, member of Congress, and last President of the Republic of Texas
- Pauline Kael, film critic (The New Yorker)
- Rick E. Lawrence, Associate Justice of the Maine Supreme Judicial Court
- Hamish Linklater, actor
- Ed Mann, percussionist, drummer
- Dorinda Medley, notable for role on The Real Housewives of New York City
- Fantastic Negrito, Grammy-winning blues musician
- Franklin Pope, electrical engineer and inventor
- Shorty Rogers, jazz trumpeter and one of the principal creators of West Coast jazz
- John Schroeder, golfer
- Laura Secord, warned the British of an impending American attack on Canada
- Mark H. Sibley, U.S. congressman
Sister cities
Great Barrington has the following sister cities:
- Ingersoll, Ontario, Canada
- Fada N'gourma, Burkina Faso
See also
In Spanish: Great Barrington (Massachusetts) para niños
