List of prime ministers of France facts for kids

The leader of the government of France is called the Prime Minister. This title has been used since 1959. The first person to hold this job under the Fifth Republic was Michel Debré.

Before 1959, the leader of the French government had different names. For a long time, from 1815 to 1958, they were often called the President of the Council of Ministers (Président du Conseil des ministres). People usually just said "President of the Council." It's important not to mix this up with the President of the French Republic, who is the head of state and chooses the Prime Minister.

France's Early Leaders (843–1792)

Kings and Their Chief Ministers

Under the Kingdom of France, there wasn't an official job title like "head of government." But some important ministers, called principal ministres (chief ministers), actually ran the government for the kings.

Here are some of the key chief ministers and the kings they served:

Chief Minister		Started Job	Left Job	King
	Anne de Montmorency	1 January 1515	14 June 1541	Francis I
	Claude d'Annebault	1541	31 March 1547
	Anne de Montmorency	1 April 1547	10 August 1557	Henry II
No official leader		11 August 1557	10 July 1559
	Francis, Duke of Guise	10 July 1559	5 December 1560	Francis II
	Michel de l'Hôpital	5 December 1560	13 March 1573	Charles IX
	René de Birague	30 May 1574	24 November 1583	Henry III
	Philippe Hurault de Cheverny	24 November 1583	12 May 1588
No official leader		12 May 1588	2 August 1589
	Maximilien de Sully	2 August 1589	29 January 1611	Henry IV
	Nicolas de Villeroy	30 January 1611	9 August 1616	Louis XIII
	Concino Concini	9 August 1616	24 April 1617
	Charles d'Albert	24 April 1617	15 December 1621
No official leader		15 December 1621	12 August 1624
	Cardinal Richelieu	12 August 1624	4 December 1642
	Cardinal Mazarin	5 December 1642	9 March 1661	Louis XIV
No official leader		9 March 1661	1 September 1715
	Guillaume Dubois	12 September 1715	10 August 1723	Louis XV
	Philippe II, Duke of Orléans	10 August 1723	2 December 1723
	Louis Henri, Duke of Bourbon	2 December 1723	11 June 1726
	André-Hercule de Fleury	11 June 1726	29 January 1743
No official leader		29 January 1743	3 December 1758
	Étienne François de Choiseul	3 December 1758	24 December 1770
	René Nicolas de Maupeou	25 December 1770	23 August 1774
	Jacques Turgot	24 August 1774	12 May 1776	Louis XVI
	Jean-Frédéric Phélypeaux	14 May 1776	21 November 1781
	Charles Gravier	21 November 1781	13 February 1787
	Étienne Charles de Brienne	1 May 1787	25 August 1788
	Jacques Necker	25 August 1788	11 July 1789
	Louis Auguste de Breteuil	11 July 1789	16 July 1789
	Jacques Necker	16 July 1789	3 September 1790
	Armand Marc de Montmorin	3 September 1790	3 September 1791
Constitutional cabinet		3 September 1791	21 September 1792

Changes in Government (1792–1958)

France went through many changes in how it was governed. It became a republic, then an empire, then a monarchy again, and then republics once more.

French First Republic (1792–1804)

During the First Republic, France tried different ways to govern itself. There wasn't one single head of government. Instead, different groups or leaders were in charge:

• The National Convention (1792–1795) had presidents like Maximilien Robespierre.
• The Directory (1795–1799) was led by a group of five directors, including Paul Barras.
• The Consulate (1799–1804) was led by three consuls, with Napoleon Bonaparte as the most powerful, called the First Consul.

French First Empire (1804–1815)

When Napoleon became Emperor, he was both the head of state and the head of government. He ruled absolutely, meaning he had all the power.

First Restoration (1814–1815) and Hundred Days (1815)

After Napoleon, the monarchy returned briefly. Then Napoleon came back for "Hundred Days." During this time, he was again the absolute ruler.

Chief Minister		Term of Office	King or Emperor
	Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord	1 April 1814 – 2 May 1814	Louis XVIII
	Pierre de Blacas	2 May 1814 – 8 July 1815
No official leader		20 March 1815 – 22 June 1815	Napoleon I
	Joseph Fouché	22 June 1815 – 7 July 1815	Napoleon II

Bourbon Restoration (1815–1830) and July Monarchy (1830–1848)

During these periods, the leader of the government was called the President of the Council of Ministers.

Presidents of the Council of Ministers

President of the Council of Ministers		Term of Office	Political Party	King
	Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord	9 July 1815 – 26 September 1815	Independent	Louis XVIII
	Armand-Emmanuel de Richelieu	26 September 1815 – 29 December 1818	Independent
	Jean-Joseph Dessolles	29 December 1818 – 19 November 1819	Doctrinaires
	Élie Decazes	19 November 1819 – 20 February 1820	Doctrinaires
	Armand-Emmanuel de Richelieu	20 February 1820 – 14 December 1821	Doctrinaires
	Jean-Baptiste de Villèle	14 December 1821 – 4 January 1828	Ultra-royalist
				Charles X
	Jean Baptiste Gay	4 January 1828 – 8 August 1829	Doctrinaires
	Jules de Polignac	8 August 1829 – 29 July 1830	Ultra-royalist
	Casimir de Rochechouart	29 July 1830 – 29 July 1830	Ultra-royalist
No official leader		1 August 1830 – 2 November 1830	Orléanist	Louis Philippe I
	Jacques Laffitte	2 November 1830 – 13 March 1831	Orléanist
	Casimir Pierre Périer	13 March 1831 – 16 May 1832	Resistance Party
	Jean-de-Dieu Soult	11 October 1832 – 18 July 1834	Orléanist
	Étienne Maurice Gérard	18 July 1834 – 10 November 1834	Independent
	Hugues-Bernard Maret	10 November 1834 – 18 November 1834	Independent
	Édouard Mortier	18 November 1834 – 12 March 1835	Resistance Party
	Victor de Broglie	12 March 1835 – 22 February 1836	Resistance Party
	Adolphe Thiers	22 February 1836 – 6 September 1836	Movement Party
	Louis-Mathieu Molé	6 September 1836 – 31 March 1839	Resistance Party
					No official leader		31 March 1839 – 12 May 1839	Orléanist
	Jean-de-Dieu Soult	12 May 1839 – 1 March 1840	Resistance Party
	Adolphe Thiers	1 March 1840 – 29 October 1840	Movement Party
	Jean-de-Dieu Soult	29 October 1840 – 19 September 1847	Resistance Party
	François Guizot	19 September 1847 – 23 February 1848	Resistance Party
	Louis-Mathieu Molé	23 February 1848 – 24 February 1848	Resistance Party

Second French Republic (1848–1852) and Second French Empire (1852–1870)

France became a republic again, then an empire under Napoleon III.

Presidents of the Council of Ministers

President of the Council of Ministers			Term of Office	Political Party	President
1		Jacques-Charles Dupont de l'Eure	24 February 1848 – 9 May 1848	Moderate Republican	Himself (Provisional)
2		François Arago	10 May 1848 – 24 June 1848	Moderate Republican	Executive Commission
3		Louis-Eugène Cavaignac	28 June 1848 – 20 December 1848	Moderate Republican	Himself (Martial Law)
4		Odilon Barrot	20 December 1848 – 31 October 1849	Party of Order	Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte
							5		Alphonse Henri	31 October 1849 – 24 January 1851	Party of Order
No official leader			24 January 1851 – 10 April 1851	Vacant
6		Léon Faucher	10 April 1851 – 26 October 1851	Party of Order
No official leader			26 October 1851 – 2 December 1852	Vacant

Cabinet Chiefs (Second Empire)

Under the Second Empire, Napoleon III mostly ruled directly.

Cabinet Chief		Term of Office	Political Party	Emperor
No official leader		2 December 1852 – 27 December 1869	Vacant		Napoleon III
							Émile Ollivier	2 January 1870 – 9 August 1870	Bonapartist
							Charles Cousin-Montauban	9 August 1870 – 4 September 1870	Independent

French Third Republic (1870–1940)

The Third Republic had many Presidents of the Council of Ministers.

President of the Government of National Defense

President of the Government of National Defense			Term of Office	Political Party
		Louis-Jules Trochu	4 September 1870 – 22 January 1871	Military

Presidents of the Council of Ministers

President of the Council of Ministers			Term of Office	Political Party	President
6		Jules Armand Dufaure	19 February 1871 – 24 May 1873	Opportunist Republicans	Adolphe Thiers
						7		Albert de Broglie	25 May 1873 – 22 May 1874	Monarchist	Patrice de MacMahon
8		Ernest Courtot de Cissey	22 May 1874 – 10 March 1875	Monarchist
9		Louis Buffet	10 March 1875 – 23 February 1876	Monarchist
6		Jules Armand Dufaure	23 February 1876 – 12 December 1876	Opportunist Republicans
					10		Jules Simon	12 December 1876 – 17 May 1877	Opportunist Republicans
7		Albert de Broglie	17 May 1877 – 23 November 1877	Monarchist
11		Gaëtan de Rochebouët	23 November 1877 – 13 December 1877	Monarchist
6		Jules Armand Dufaure	13 December 1877 – 4 February 1879	Opportunist Republicans
12		William Waddington	4 February 1879 – 28 December 1879	Opportunist Republicans	Jules Grévy
13		Charles de Freycinet	28 December 1879 – 23 September 1880	Opportunist Republicans
14		Jules Ferry	23 September 1880 – 14 November 1881	Opportunist Republicans
15		Léon Gambetta	14 November 1881 – 30 January 1882	Opportunist Republicans
13		Charles de Freycinet	30 January 1882 – 7 August 1882	Opportunist Republicans
16		Charles Duclerc	7 August 1882 – 29 January 1883	Opportunist Republicans
17		Armand Fallières	29 January 1883 – 21 February 1883	Opportunist Republicans
14		Jules Ferry	21 February 1883 – 6 April 1885	Opportunist Republicans
18		Henri Brisson	6 April 1885 – 7 January 1886	Radical Republicans
13		Charles de Freycinet	7 January 1886 – 16 December 1886	Opportunist Republicans
19		René Goblet	16 December 1886 – 30 May 1887	Radical Republicans
20		Maurice Rouvier	30 May 1887 – 12 December 1887	Opportunist Republicans
21		Pierre Tirard	12 December 1887 – 3 April 1888	Opportunist Republicans	Sadi Carnot
22		Charles Floquet	3 April 1888 – 22 February 1889	Opportunist Republicans
21		Pierre Tirard	22 February 1889 – 17 March 1890	Opportunist Republicans
13		Charles de Freycinet	17 March 1890 – 27 February 1892	Opportunist Republicans
23		Émile Loubet	27 February 1892 – 6 December 1892	Opportunist Republicans
24		Alexandre Ribot	6 December 1892 – 4 April 1893	Opportunist Republicans
						25		Charles Dupuy	4 April 1893 – 3 December 1893	Opportunist Republicans
26		Jean Casimir-Perier	3 December 1893 – 30 May 1894	Opportunist Republicans
25		Charles Dupuy	30 May 1894 – 26 January 1895	Opportunist Republicans		Jean Casimir-Perier
						24		Alexandre Ribot	26 January 1895 – 1 November 1895	Opportunist Republicans	Félix Faure
27		Léon Bourgeois	1 November 1895 – 29 April 1896	Radical Republicans
28		Jules Méline	29 April 1896 – 28 June 1898	Opportunist Republicans
18		Henri Brisson	28 June 1898 – 1 November 1898	Radical Republicans
25		Charles Dupuy	1 November 1898 – 22 June 1899	Opportunist Republicans	Émile Loubet
						29		Pierre Waldeck-Rousseau	22 June 1899 – 7 June 1902	Opportunist Republicans
30		Émile Combes	7 June 1902 – 24 January 1905	Radical-Socialist Party
20		Maurice Rouvier	24 January 1905 – 12 March 1906	Democratic Republican Alliance
					31		Ferdinand Sarrien	12 March 1906 – 25 October 1906	Radical-Socialist Party	Armand Fallières
32		Georges Clemenceau	25 October 1906 – 24 July 1909	Independent
33		Aristide Briand	24 July 1909 – 2 March 1911	Republican-Socialist Party
					34		Ernest Monis	2 March 1911 – 27 June 1911	Radical-Socialist Party
35		Joseph Caillaux	27 June 1911 – 21 January 1912	Radical-Socialist Party
36		Raymond Poincaré	21 January 1912 – 21 January 1913	Republican Democratic Party
33		Aristide Briand	21 January 1913 – 22 March 1913	Republican-Socialist Party
					37		Louis Barthou	22 March 1913 – 9 December 1913	Republican Democratic Party
38		Gaston Doumergue	9 December 1913 – 9 June 1914	Radical-Socialist Party	Raymond Poincaré
24		Alexandre Ribot	9 June 1914 – 13 June 1914	Republican Federation
39		René Viviani	13 June 1914 – 29 October 1915	Republican-Socialist Party
						33		Aristide Briand	29 October 1915 – 20 March 1917	Republican-Socialist Party
24		Alexandre Ribot	20 March 1917 – 12 September 1917	Republican Federation
40		Paul Painlevé	12 September 1917 – 16 November 1917	Republican-Socialist Party
32		Georges Clemenceau	16 November 1917 – 20 January 1920	Independent
41		Alexandre Millerand	20 January 1920 – 24 September 1920	Independent		Paul Deschanel
						42		Georges Leygues	24 September 1920 – 16 January 1921	Republican, Democratic and Social Party	Alexandre Millerand
33		Aristide Briand	16 January 1921 – 15 January 1922	Republican-Socialist Party
36		Raymond Poincaré	15 January 1922 – 8 June 1924	Republican, Democratic and Social Party
						43		Frédéric François-Marsal	8 June 1924 – 15 June 1924	Republican Federation
45		Édouard Herriot	15 June 1924 – 17 April 1925	Radical-Socialist Party	Gaston Doumergue
40		Paul Painlevé	17 April 1925 – 28 November 1925	Republican-Socialist Party
						33		Aristide Briand	28 November 1925 – 20 July 1926	Republican-Socialist Party
45		Édouard Herriot	20 July 1926 – 23 July 1926	Radical-Socialist Party
36		Raymond Poincaré	23 July 1926 – 29 July 1929	Democratic Alliance
						33		Aristide Briand	29 July 1929 – 2 November 1929	Republican-Socialist Party
46		André Tardieu	2 November 1929 – 21 February 1930	Democratic Alliance
47		Camille Chautemps	21 February 1930 – 2 March 1930	Radical-Socialist Party
46		André Tardieu	2 March 1930 – 13 December 1930	Democratic Alliance
48		Théodore Steeg	13 December 1930 – 27 January 1931	Radical-Socialist Party
49		Pierre Laval	27 January 1931 – 20 February 1932	Independent		Paul Doumer
							46		André Tardieu	20 February 1932 – 3 June 1932	Democratic Alliance
							45		Édouard Herriot	3 June 1932 – 18 December 1932	Radical-Socialist Party	Albert Lebrun
50		Joseph Paul-Boncour	18 December 1932 – 31 January 1933	Republican-Socialist Party
51		Édouard Daladier	31 January 1933 – 26 October 1933	Radical-Socialist Party
52		Albert Sarraut	26 October 1933 – 26 November 1933	Radical-Socialist Party
47		Camille Chautemps	26 November 1933 – 30 January 1934	Radical-Socialist Party
51		Édouard Daladier	30 January 1934 – 9 February 1934	Radical-Socialist Party
38		Gaston Doumergue	9 February 1934 – 8 November 1934	Radical-Socialist Party
53		Pierre-Étienne Flandin	8 November 1934 – 1 June 1935	Democratic Alliance
54		Fernand Bouisson	1 June 1935 – 7 June 1935	Independent
49		Pierre Laval	7 June 1935 – 24 January 1936	Independent
52		Albert Sarraut	24 January 1936 – 4 June 1936	Radical-Socialist Party
55		Léon Blum	4 June 1936 – 22 June 1937	French Section of the Workers' International
47		Camille Chautemps	22 June 1937 – 13 March 1938	Radical-Socialist Party
					55		Léon Blum	13 March 1938 – 10 April 1938	French Section of the Workers' International
51		Édouard Daladier	10 April 1938 – 21 March 1940	Radical-Socialist Party
					56		Paul Reynaud	21 March 1940 – 16 June 1940	Democratic Alliance
					57		Philippe Pétain	16 June 1940 – 11 July 1940	Independent

French State (1940–1944)

Until 1942, Marshal Philippe Pétain was the Chief of State and also the head of the Council of Ministers. After 1942, Pétain remained Chief of State, but Pierre Laval was named Chief of the Government.

Vice-Presidents of the Council of Ministers

Vice-president of the Council of Ministers			Term of Office	Political Party	Chief of State
49		Pierre Laval	11 July 1940 – 13 December 1940	Révolution nationale	Philippe Pétain
53		Pierre-Étienne Flandin	13 December 1940 – 9 February 1941
58		François Darlan	9 February 1941 – 18 April 1942
49		Pierre Laval	18 April 1942 – 19 August 1944

Provisional Government of the French Republic (1944–1946)

After World War II, a temporary government was set up.

Chairmen of the Provisional Government

Chairman of the Provisional Government			Term of Office	Political Party
59		Charles de Gaulle	3 June 1944 – 26 January 1946	Independent
					60		Félix Gouin	26 January 1946 – 24 June 1946	French Section of the Workers' International
61		Georges Bidault	24 June 1946 – 16 December 1946	Popular Republican Movement
–		Vincent Auriol (interim)	28 November 1946 – 16 December 1946	French Section of the Workers' International
62		Léon Blum	16 December 1946 – 22 January 1947	French Section of the Workers' International

Fourth French Republic (1946–1958)

The Fourth Republic also had Presidents of the Council of Ministers.

Presidents of the Council of Ministers

President of the Council of Ministers			Term of Office	Political Party	President
63		Paul Ramadier	22 January 1947 – 24 November 1947	French Section of the Workers' International	Vincent Auriol
						65		Robert Schuman	24 November 1947 – 24 July 1948	Popular Republican Movement
66		André Marie	24 July 1948 – 2 September 1948	Radical Party
65		Robert Schuman	2 September 1948 – 11 September 1948	Popular Republican Movement
67		Henri Queuille	11 September 1948 – 28 October 1949	Radical Party
61		Georges Bidault	28 October 1949 – 2 July 1950	Popular Republican Movement
						67		Henri Queuille	2 July 1950 – 12 July 1950	Radical Party
68		René Pleven	12 July 1950 – 10 March 1951	Democratic and Socialist Union of the Resistance
67		Henri Queuille	10 March 1951 – 11 August 1951	Radical Party
68		René Pleven	11 August 1951 – 20 January 1952	Democratic and Socialist Union of the Resistance
69		Edgar Faure	20 January 1952 – 8 March 1952	Radical Party
70		Antoine Pinay	8 March 1952 – 8 January 1953	National Centre of Independents and Peasants
71		René Mayer	8 January 1953 – 28 June 1953	Radical Party
72		Joseph Laniel	28 June 1953 – 19 June 1954	National Centre of Independents and Peasants
						73		Pierre Mendès France	19 June 1954 – 17 February 1955	Radical Party
69		Edgar Faure	17 February 1955 – 1 February 1956	Radical Party
75		Guy Mollet	1 February 1956 – 13 June 1957	French Section of the Workers' International	René Coty
76		Maurice Bourgès-Maunoury	13 June 1957 – 6 November 1957	Radical Party
77		Félix Gaillard	6 November 1957 – 14 May 1958	Radical Party
78		Pierre Pflimlin	14 May 1958 – 1 June 1958	Popular Republican Movement
59		Charles de Gaulle	1 June 1958 – 8 January 1959	Union for the New Republic

Modern Prime Ministers (Since 1958)

Since 1958, France has been under the Fifth Republic, and the head of government is officially called the Prime Minister.

Prime Ministers

Portrait	Prime Minister	Took Office	Left Office	Political Party	President
	Michel Debré	8 January 1959	14 April 1962	Union for the New Republic	Charles de Gaulle
	Georges Pompidou	14 April 1962	7 December 1962	Union for the New Republic
		7 December 1962	8 January 1966
		8 January 1966	7 April 1967
		7 April 1967	10 July 1968
	Maurice Couve de Murville	10 July 1968	20 June 1969	Union of Democrats for the Republic
	Jacques Chaban-Delmas	20 June 1969	5 July 1972	Union of Democrats for the Republic	Georges Pompidou
	Pierre Messmer	5 July 1972	5 April 1973	Union of Democrats for the Republic
		5 April 1973	1 March 1974
		1 March 1974	27 May 1974
	Jacques Chirac	27 May 1974	25 August 1976	Union of Democrats for the Republic	Valéry Giscard d'Estaing
	Raymond Barre	25 August 1976	30 March 1977	Miscellaneous right
		30 March 1977	5 April 1978
		5 April 1978	21 May 1981
	Pierre Mauroy	21 May 1981	23 June 1981	Socialist Party	François Mitterrand
		23 June 1981	22 March 1983
		22 March 1983	17 July 1984
	Laurent Fabius	17 July 1984	20 March 1986	Socialist Party
	Jacques Chirac	20 March 1986	10 May 1988	Rally for the Republic
	Michel Rocard	10 May 1988	28 June 1988	Socialist Party
		28 June 1988	15 May 1991
	Édith Cresson	15 May 1991	2 April 1992	Socialist Party
	Pierre Bérégovoy	2 April 1992	29 March 1993	Socialist Party
	Édouard Balladur	29 March 1993	17 May 1995	Rally for the Republic
	Alain Juppé	17 May 1995	7 November 1995	Rally for the Republic	Jacques Chirac
		7 November 1995	2 June 1997
	Lionel Jospin	2 June 1997	6 May 2002	Socialist Party
	Jean-Pierre Raffarin	6 May 2002	17 June 2002	Union for a Popular Movement
		17 June 2002	31 March 2004
		31 March 2004	31 May 2005
	Dominique de Villepin	31 May 2005	17 May 2007	Union for a Popular Movement
	François Fillon	17 May 2007	19 June 2007	Union for a Popular Movement	Nicolas Sarkozy
		19 June 2007	14 November 2010
		14 November 2010	15 May 2012
	Jean-Marc Ayrault	15 May 2012	21 June 2012	Socialist Party	François Hollande
		21 June 2012	31 March 2014
	Manuel Valls	31 March 2014	26 August 2014	Socialist Party
		26 August 2014	6 December 2016
	Bernard Cazeneuve	6 December 2016	15 May 2017	Socialist Party
	Édouard Philippe	15 May 2017	21 June 2017	The Republicans, later Independent	Emmanuel Macron
		21 June 2017	3 July 2020
	Jean Castex	3 July 2020	16 May 2022	Independent
	Élisabeth Borne	16 May 2022	4 July 2022	La République En Marche!, later Renaissance
		4 July 2022	9 January 2024
	Gabriel Attal	9 January 2024	Present	Renaissance

Images for kids

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  King Francis I of France (1515–1547)

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  King Henry II of France (1547–1559)

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  King Francis II of France (1559–1560)

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  King Charles IX of France (1560–1574)

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  King Henry III of France (1574–1589)

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  King Henry IV of France (1589–1610)

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  King Louis XIII of France (1610–1643)

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  King Louis XIV of France (1643–1715)

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  King Louis XV of France (1715–1774)

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  King Louis XVI of France (1774–1792)

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  Emperor Napoleon I (1804–1814, 1815)

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  King Louis XVIII of France (1814–1815, 1815–1824)

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  Emperor Napoleon II (1815)

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  King Charles X of France (1824–1830)

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  King Louis Philippe I of France (1830–1848)

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  President and Emperor Napoleon III (1848–1870)

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  President Patrice de MacMahon (1873–1879)

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  President Jules Grévy (1879–1887)

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  President Sadi Carnot (1887–1894)

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  President Jean Casimir-Perier (1894–1895)

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  President Félix Faure (1895–1899)

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  President Émile Loubet (1899–1906)

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  President Armand Fallières (1906–1913)

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  President Raymond Poincaré (1913–1920)

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  President Paul Deschanel (1920)

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  President Alexandre Millerand (1920–1924)

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  President Gaston Doumergue (1924–1931)

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  President Paul Doumer (1931–1932)

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  President Albert Lebrun (1932–1940)

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  Chief of State Philippe Pétain (1940–1944)

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  President Vincent Auriol (1947–1954)

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  President René Coty (1954–1959)

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  President Charles de Gaulle (1959–1969)

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  President Georges Pompidou (1969–1974)

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  President Valéry Giscard d'Estaing (1974–1981)

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  President François Mitterrand (1981–1995)

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  President Jacques Chirac (1995–2007)

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  President Nicolas Sarkozy (2007–2012)

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  President François Hollande (2012–2017)

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  President Emmanuel Macron (2017–)

See also

• Chief Minister of France
• History of France
• List of presidents of France
• Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs
• Politics of France
• President of France