kids encyclopedia robot

Fauna of Colombia facts for kids

Kids Encyclopedia Facts
See also: Flora of Colombia
Amazonas Flussdelfin Apure Orinoco Duisburg 01
The pink dolphin of the Amazon River is an endangered species.

The fauna of Colombia is characterized by a high biodiversity, with the highest rate of species by area unit worldwide.

Endemic animals

Colombia has the largest number of endemic species (species that are not found naturally anywhere else) worldwide. About 10% of the species in the world live in Colombia. Some determinant factors in the distribution range of the species are the weather conditions, temperature, humidity and sunlight availability.

Endemics can easily become endangered or extinct due to their restricted habitat and vulnerability to the actions of man, including the introduction of new organisms.

See also: Endemic birds of Colombia

Ecoregions with high endemism

According to the Colombian Ministry of Environment, the following ecoregions have the highest percentage of endemic species:

Environmental issues

Main article: Environmental issues in Colombia

Birds

See also: List of birds of Colombia
White-throated Toucan
White-throated toucan (Ramphastos tucanus) inhabits the Amazon Basin
Toucan2007
Channel-billed toucan (Ramphastos vitellinus)
Aulacorhynchus prassinus (Tucancito esmeralda) (16279178142)
Emerald toucanet (Aulacorhynchus prasinus)
Stavenn Pauxi pauxi 00
Northern helmeted curassow (Pauxi pauxi) lives in the Cordillera Oriental, Colombia mountain range
Tunki Tanpupata
Andean cock-of-the-rock is distributed in Andean cloud forests
PreservedOilbird
Oilbirds can be seen in Cueva de los Guacharos National Park
Galbula ruficauda - back
Male rufous-tailed jacamar
CollaredInca
Collared inca (Coeligena torquata)
Patagona Gigas
Giant hummingbird
Heliomaster longirostris - Gould
Long-billed starthroat (Heliomaster longirostris)
Mourning Dove 2006
Mourning dove (Zenaida macroura)
White Crowned Pigeon 002
White-crowned pigeon (Patagioenas leucocephala)
Cyanocorax luxuosus 1
Green jay (Cyanocorax yncas)
A male tree swallow
Tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor)
TowsendWarbler23
Townsend's warbler (Dendroica townsendi)
Stavenn Thraupis episcopus 00
Blue-grey tanager (Thraupis episcopus)
Tinamus guttatus
White-throated tinamou (Tinamus guttatus)

Over 1800 species of birds have been described in Colombia, (more than the number of existent bird species in North America and Europe combined). Some of the bird species in Colombia are:

The national bird

Vultur gryphus Nürnberg
The Vultur gryphus also known as the Andean condor is the national bird of Colombia.

The Andean condor inhabits the Andes mountain range. Although it is primarily a scavenger, feeding on carrion, this species belongs to the New World vulture family Cathartidae.

The condor is one of the largest birds on earth with a wingspan ranging from 274 to 310 cm (108–122 in) and weighing up to 11–15 kg (24–33 lb) for males and 7.5–11 kg (16–24 lb) for females, but overall length can range from 117 to 135 cm (46 to 53 inches).

The adult plumage is of a uniform black, with the exception of a frill of white feathers nearly surrounding the base of the neck and, especially in the male, large patches or bands of white on the wings which do not appear until the completion of the first molting.

Mammals

See also: List of mammals in Colombia and Primates of Colombia

There are 456 reported species of mammals in Colombia. Of these, about 22% are endangered or critically endangered. Most of the threatened species status are due to human activities, in particular destruction of plant and animal habitats driven by local consumption of organic resources, especially related to tropical forest destruction.

While most of the species that are becoming extinct are not food species, their biomass is converted into human food when their habitat is transformed into pasture and cropland.

Colombia has the largest number of terrestrial mammals species in the world, including among others:

Choloepus hoffmanni
Hoffmann's two-toed sloth
Wild rabbit us
Eastern cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus)
Liscionos mniejszy Phyllostomus discolor RB1
Pale spear-nosed bat

Amphibians

See also: Amphibians of Colombia

Colombia has the largest number of amphibians in the world (including frogs, toads, salamanders and caecilians) with 589 species, 208 of them being endangered, being the zoological group with the highest rate of endangerment. Some causes related with the decline of the amphibians are: chytridiomycosis, habitat destruction, drought, air pollution, water pollution and illegal trade.

Reptiles

See also: Reptiles of Colombia and Squamata of Colombia

Fish

Colombia has high fish diversity, with a 2017 estimate suggesting 1,494 species of freshwater fishes. Following a rapid inventory of the Bajo Caguán-Caquetá region in 2019, there are 513 known species in the Caquetá river and 148 known species in the Caguán. During this inventory eight species were identified as possibly new to science.

  • Mikrogeophagus ramirezi female

    Ram cichlid, Mikrogeophagus ramirezi

  • Arapaima Gigante

    Pirarucu, (Arapaima gigas) is the largest fresh-water fish in the world.

  • Leporinus obtusidens

    Leporinus obtusidens

Molluscs

Main articles: List of non-marine molluscs of Colombia and List of marine molluscs of Colombia

There are more than 80 genera of land gastropods in (continental) Colombia.

Insects

See also

Kids robot.svg In Spanish: Fauna de Colombia para niños

  • List of invasive species in Colombia
  • Animal rights in Colombia
  • Flora of Colombia
  • List of national parks of Colombia
kids search engine
All content from Kiddle encyclopedia articles (including the article images and facts) can be freely used under Attribution-ShareAlike license, unless stated otherwise. Cite this article:
Fauna of Colombia Facts for Kids. Kiddle Encyclopedia.