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Norwich
City
A view of the Norwich City Hall
A view of the Norwich City Hall
Official seal of Norwich
Seal
Nickname(s): 
The Rose Of New England
Location in New London County, Connecticut
Country United States
State Connecticut
County New London
Metropolitan area New London
Settled 1659
Incorporated (city) 1784
Consolidated 1952
Named for Norwichtown
Government
 • Type Council-manager
Area
 • City 29.41 sq mi (76.16 km2)
 • Land 28.06 sq mi (72.68 km2)
 • Water 1.34 sq mi (3.48 km2)
 • Urban
123.1 sq mi (318.7 km2)
Elevation
56 ft (17 m)
Population
 (2020)
 • City 40,125
 • Density 1,430/sq mi (552.1/km2)
 • Metro
274,055
Time zone UTC−5 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST) UTC−4 (Eastern)
ZIP Codes
06360, 06365, 06380
Area code(s) 860 & 959
FIPS code 09-56200
GNIS feature ID 0209410
Major highways I-395.svg Connecticut Highway 2.svg
Website www.norwichct.org

Norwich (also called "The Rose of New England") is a city in New London County, Connecticut, United States. The Yantic, Shetucket, and Quinebaug Rivers flow into the city and form its harbor, from which the Thames River flows south to Long Island Sound. The population was 40,125 at the 2020 United States Census.

History

PostcardHarborNorwichCT1906
The harbor, 1906

Norwichtown was founded in 1659, by settlers from Old Saybrook led by Major John Mason and Reverend James Fitch. They purchased the land "nine miles square" that would become Norwich from the local Native Mohegan Sachem Uncas. In 1668, a wharf was established at Yantic Cove. Settlement was primarily in the three-mile (5-km) area around the Norwichtown Green. The 69 founding families soon divided up the land in the Norwichtown vicinity for farms and businesses.

By 1694, the public landing built at the head of the Thames River allowed ships to offload goods at the harbor; the harbor area is known as the Chelsea neighborhood. The distance between the port and Norwichtown was serviced by the East and West Roads, which later became Washington Street and Broadway.

The original center of the town was a neighborhood now called Norwichtown, an inland location chosen to be the center of a primarily agricultural farming community. By the latter 18th century, shipping at the harbor began to become far more important than farming, especially when industrial mills began manufacturing on the three smaller rivers.

By the early 19th century, the center of Norwich had effectively moved to the Chelsea neighborhood. The official buildings of the city were located in the harbor area, such as the City Hall, courts, and post office, and all the large 19th-century urban blocks. The former center is now called Norwichtown to distinguish it from the current city.

Norwich merchants were shipping goods directly from England, but the Stamp Act of 1764 forced Norwich to become more self-sufficient. Soon large mills and factories sprang up at the falls on the rivers which traverse the town. The ship captains of Norwich and New London who were skillful at avoiding Imperial taxation during peacetime later were just as successful eluding warships during war.

During the American Revolution Norwich supported the cause for independence by supplying soldiers, ships, and munitions. Norwich was also a center for activity for the Sons of Liberty.

One of the most notable figures of the Revolution, Benedict Arnold, was born in Norwich. Other Colonial era noteworthies include Samuel Huntington, Christopher Leffingwell, and Daniel Lathrop.

Regular steamship service between New York and Boston helped Norwich to prosper as a shipping center through the early part of the 19th century. During the Civil War, Norwich once again rallied and saw the growth of its textile, armaments, and specialty item manufacturing. This was also spurred by the building of the Norwich and Worcester Railroad in 1832–1837 bringing goods and people both in and out of Norwich. By the 1870s the Springfield and New London Railroad was also running trains through Norwich.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 29.5 sq mi (76.4 km2), of which 28.3 sq mi (73.4 km2) is land and 1.2 sq mi (3.0 km2) (3.87%) is water.

Climate

Climate data for Groton–New London Airport (GON) (1981-2010), snow data from Norwich, Connecticut (1981-2010).
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 65
(18)
67
(19)
78
(26)
88
(31)
91
(33)
95
(35)
101
(38)
99
(37)
93
(34)
83
(28)
75
(24)
69
(21)
101
(38)
Average high °F (°C) 37.5
(3.1)
40
(4)
46.5
(8.1)
55.4
(13.0)
64.5
(18.1)
73.3
(22.9)
78.2
(25.7)
78.4
(25.8)
72.3
(22.4)
61.5
(16.4)
53
(12)
42.4
(5.8)
58.6
(14.8)
Daily mean °F (°C) 29.5
(−1.4)
32
(0)
37.8
(3.2)
47
(8)
56
(13)
65.4
(18.6)
70.6
(21.4)
70.4
(21.3)
63.7
(17.6)
52.7
(11.5)
44.5
(6.9)
34.7
(1.5)
50.4
(10.1)
Average low °F (°C) 21.6
(−5.8)
23.9
(−4.5)
29.1
(−1.6)
38.7
(3.7)
47.6
(8.7)
57.6
(14.2)
62.9
(17.2)
62.3
(16.8)
55.1
(12.8)
43.9
(6.6)
35.9
(2.2)
27
(−3)
42.1
(5.6)
Record low °F (°C) −14
(−26)
−12
(−24)
0
(−18)
14
(−10)
30
(−1)
38
(3)
47
(8)
41
(5)
29
(−2)
22
(−6)
8
(−13)
−10
(−23)
−14
(−26)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 3.27
(83)
2.86
(73)
4.16
(106)
4.41
(112)
3.85
(98)
4.11
(104)
3.77
(96)
4.16
(106)
4
(100)
3.86
(98)
4.31
(109)
3.73
(95)
46.49
(1,180)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 8.8
(22)
8.0
(20)
3.6
(9.1)
0.8
(2.0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0.2
(0.51)
6.6
(17)
28
(70.61)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.05) 6 5 6 7 8 8 6 6 6 7 7 7 79
Average snowy days (≥ 0.05) 3 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 10
Source:

Neighborhoods

Several Norwich neighborhoods maintain independent identities and are recognized by official signs marking their boundaries. Neighborhoods of Norwich are Norwichtown, Bean Hill, Yantic, Taftville, Greeneville, Occum, East Great Plains, Thamesville, Laurel Hill and Chelsea (the original "downtown" area.)

Demographics

Historical population
Year Pop. ±%
1756 5,540 —    
1774 7,327 +32.3%
1782 7,325 −0.0%
1800 3,476 −52.5%
1810 2,976 −14.4%
1820 2,983 +0.2%
1830 3,135 +5.1%
1840 4,200 +34.0%
1850 6,139 +46.2%
1860 14,048 +128.8%
1870 16,653 +18.5%
1880 15,112 −9.3%
1890 16,156 +6.9%
1900 17,251 +6.8%
1910 20,367 +18.1%
1920 22,304 +9.5%
1930 23,021 +3.2%
1940 23,652 +2.7%
1950 23,429 −0.9%
1960 38,506 +64.4%
1970 41,739 +8.4%
1980 38,074 −8.8%
1990 37,391 −1.8%
2000 36,117 −3.4%
2010 40,493 +12.1%
2020 40,125 −0.9%
Population 1756–2010

As of the census of 2000, there were 36,117 people, 15,091 households, and 9,069 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,274.7 people per square mile (492.2/km2). There were 16,600 housing units at an average density of 585.9 per square mile (226.2/km2).

Twenty-nine percent of households had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.7% were married couples living together, 15.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.9% were non-families. Thirty-two percent of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.34 and the average family size was 2.96.

In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 24.1% under the age of 18, 8.9% from 18 to 24, 30.2% from 25 to 44, 21.5% from 45 to 64, and 15.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.3 males.

In 2012, the population had risen to 40,502 and the racial makeup of the city was 70% White, 13% Hispanic or Latino, 10% Black or African American, 8% Asian, and 1% Native American. A significant influx of Chinese Americans has settled in Norwich since 2010.

The 2012 median income for a household in the city was $51,300. Fifteen percent of the population were below the poverty line.

Parks and recreation

Mohegan Park

PostcardMoheganParkNorwichCT1912
Pavilion and lake, 1912

This forested area is Norwich's largest park. The park's property contains numerous hiking and biking trails, picnic tables, grills, pavilions for rent, a beach, basketball courts, a Mohegan monument, fountain and playgrounds. The Rose Garden at the entrance on Judd Road contains over a hundred varieties of roses and is a popular site for weddings. Many of the hiking trails are used by the Norwich Free Academy cross country team for practices, and in 2006 the team volunteered to improve the condition of trails. 5K "fun runs" are held in the park on Thursdays during the summer. As of 2009, the running course has been redesigned to incorporate much of the trails.

The Park Center contains Spaulding Pond, the square, fountain and Mohegan monument, both playgrounds and a dog pound run by the Norwich Police Department. The Park Center has declined somewhat. The zoo, reptile house, and concession stand have been closed for over a decade. However, much has been done to improve the appearance of the remaining park.

Spaulding Pond, the main body of water in Mohegan Park, is held back by an earthworks dam, across which is a path bordered by pergulas and flowering plants. On March 6, 1963, long term saturation of the over 100 year old earthen content, along with unchecked shrub and tree growth, severely weakened the structural content of the dam and caused the waters of Spaulding Pond to burst forth into the city, causing the Great Flood of Norwich, elegantly chronicled in Thomas Moody Jr's "A Swift and Deadly Maelstrom; The Great Norwich Flood of 1963." The break and subsequent flood flow swamped houses, streets, cars and caused an explosion which claimed the lives of six mill workers, as well as over six million dollars in damage. Mohegan Park also contains another, smaller pond, called The Skating Pond which is southeast of the main pond. This pond, which had always been an overflow spillway for Spaulding Pond and, when frozen in the winter provided a wonderful ice skating area for the local youth, thus its sobriquet, was re-designed as part of Norwich's long term flood plan in 1968 and currently serves as a surge overflow volume for the upgraded Spaulding Pond Dam. This pond is no longer open to public use however.

Because of its ample, sprawling trails and variety of flora and fauna, Mohegan Park is a lesser-known destination for Southeastern Connecticut's nature photographers.

Ice rink

The Norwich Municipal Ice Rink has a 200’ x 85’ NHL regulation ice surface, four large locker rooms and other amenities. Established in 1995, the Rose City Warriors are Norwich's Senior Women's Ice Hockey Team and a number of local high school ice hockey teams call the Rink home as well.

Museum

The Slater Memorial Museum, located on the campus of the Norwich Free Academy, is named for John Fox Slater (1815−1884), corporator of The Norwich Free Academy for twenty years. The museum has grown to include the "Art of Five Continents"—North and South America, Europe, Asia, and Africa. Of particular interest are the Vanderpoel Collection of Asian Art, the Paul Zimmerman Collection of African and Oceanic Art, and a collection of American 19th-century paintings.

Gallery

Panorama of Norwich, Connecicut
Norwich skyline

Sports

The AA Eastern League Connecticut Defenders, previously the Norwich Navigators, were a farm team of the San Francisco Giants and they played at Senator Thomas J. Dodd Memorial Stadium from both's inception in 1995 until the team announced its move to Richmond, Virginia for the 2010 season, where they are now known as the Richmond Flying Squirrels. However, starting in 2010, Dodd Stadium became the home to the Connecticut Tigers (formerly the Oneonta Tigers, now named Norwich Sea Unicorns) in the Class-A short-season New York–Penn League. The ESPN mini-series The Bronx Is Burning was filmed at Dodd Stadium.

Education

Elementary and middle school residents are zoned to Norwich Public Schools. The middle schools of Norwich are Teachers' Memorial Global Studies Middle School and Kelly STEAM Magnet Middle School. Norwich is also home to the Integrated Day Charter School, an alternative to the area of public schools. Despite Norwich Public Schools serving the district, since 2007 NPS has not operated a high school after Norwich High School was closed and repurposed.

The Norwich Free Academy is the primary high school for students living in Norwich and several surrounding towns, including Bozrah, Canterbury, Franklin, Lisbon, Preston, Sprague, and Voluntown. The Norwich Free Academy was incorporated in 1855 by an act of the Connecticut Legislature, and operates as a privately endowed independent school governed by its Board of Trustees and funded by private, municipal, and state sources. In 2006, Sidney Frank donated $12 million to the Norwich Free Academy which resulted in the campus's newest building being named after him: the Sidney E. Frank Center for Visual and Performing Arts.

Norwich Technical High School, A Connecticut Technical High School System School, also serves the area. This school is a public option to those within the Norwich area, and many other towns surrounding Norwich. To those within the Norwich area, transportation is provided by Norwich Public Schools via the same buses that serve Norwich Free Academy in the morning, and in the afternoon students are transported to Norwich Free Academy to use their buses to return home.

Three Rivers Community College also serves the region.

Panorama of Norwich, Connecticut
Norwich skyline

Infrastructure

SEAT 555
Commuters boarding buses at the Norwich Transportation Center.

Transportation

Local public transportation in Norwich is provided by Southeast Area Transit (SEAT). The main bus hub, the Norwich Transportation Center, is located on Holly Hock Island next to the downtown area. This station is also served by the Windham Region Transit District with service to and from Willimantic, CT. Norwich is also served by the Northeastern Connecticut Transit District with service to and from Putnam, CT.

Historically, the city held a railroad stop at its downtown station, which is now in use as an office for The Norwich Bulletin. In the past, the city was served by the Norwich and Worcester Railroad, which today is still operated as a freight railroad, the Connecticut Southern Railroad.

The nearest passenger rail station to Norwich is New London Union Station in New London, CT. The nearest options for air travel are Bradley International Airport in Windsor Locks, CT, and Rhode Island T. F. Green International Airport in Providence, RI. Both of which are located 55–65 minutes away by vehicle. Up until the mid 00's, there was a closer airport with commercial air service, Groton-New London Airport.

In recent years, there have been discussions and proposals involving restoring passenger rail service to Norwich using the existing freight lines, providing service from New London, CT, through Norwich up to Brattleboro, VT. The most recent and ongoing proposal is the Central Corridor Rail Line.

Notable people

  • Richard Albertine (1944—2016), photographer, born in Norwich
  • Christopher Anvil (1925—2009), science fiction author
  • Benedict Arnold (1741–1801), born in Norwich, American Revolutionary War general and later British defector; a commemorative plaque is on the lot where his house used to stand; city library has a prominent portrait of Arnold on its north wall
  • Hannah Arnold (1708–1758), born in Norwich, mother of Benedict Arnold
  • Isaac Backus (1724–1806), a delegate to the First Continental Congress, born in the city
  • Isaac H. Bromley (1833–1899), born in Norwich; lawyer, editor, politician, railroad director, and humorist
  • Allyn L. Brown (1883-1973), Chief Justice of the Connecticut Supreme Court (1950-1953), was born in the city and graduated Norwich Free Academy
  • William Alfred Buckingham (1804–1875), Mayor of Norwich, 41st governor of Connecticut, and United States Senator
  • Oliver A. Caswell, Wisconsin politician, born in the city
  • Asa Child (1798–1858), United States Attorney for the District of Connecticut under President Jackson
  • Calvin G. Child (1834–1880), United States Attorney for the District of Connecticut, and a Norwich City Judge
  • Benjamin Church (1734–1776), surgeon general of the Continental Army, suspected of spying for the British, was confined in the city
  • Elisha Clark (1752—1838), American Revolutionary War veteran
  • Richard Falley Cleveland (1804–1853), born and raised in Norwich, Christian minister known as the father of President Grover Cleveland
  • Margaret Coit (1919–2003), historian, born in the city
  • Erastus Corning (1794–1872), businessman and politician, born in the city
  • Rajai Davis (1980–), Major League Baseball outfielder
  • Roger Wilson Dennis (1902–1996), American plein air impressionist painter and art conservator
  • Thomas J. Dodd (1907–1971), U.S. Senator and Representative; father of U.S. Senator Christopher J. Dodd, was born in the city
  • Arielle Dombasle (born Arielle Sonnery de Fromental in 1958 in Norwich), singer and actress working mostly in French films
  • Terence P. Finnegan (1904–1990), Chief of Chaplains of the U.S. Air Force
  • Lafayette S. Foster (1806–1880), U.S. Senator and 57th President Pro Tempore of the United States Senate; died in the city
  • Jonas Galusha (1753–1834), Governor of Vermont for two terms in the early 19th century; born in the city
  • Charlotte Perkins Gilman (1860–1935), author and social reformer, lived for a short time in the city
  • Daniel Coit Gilman (1831–1908), educator, college president, foundation president
  • Calvin Goddard (1768–1842), former mayor of Norwich, Judge, and Senator
  • Roger Griswold (1762–1812), Governor of Connecticut, practiced law for a time in Norwich
  • Galusha A. Grow (1822–1907), speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1861 to 1863, studied law in the city
  • Benjamin Hanks (1755–1824), goldsmith, instrument maker, first maker of bronze cannons and church bells in America
  • Benjamin Huntington (1736–1800), delegate to the Continental Congress and later a Congressman, resident of the city
  • Ebenezer Huntington (1754–1834), member of the United States House of Representatives, 1817–1819
  • Samuel Huntington (1731–1796), delegate to the Second Continental Congress and signer of the Declaration of Independence; first President of the United States, under the Articles of Confederation
  • Samuel Kirkland (1741–1808), Presbyterian missionary among the Oneida and Tuscarora people; founder (in 1793) of the Hamilton-Oneida Academy (later Hamilton College), was born in the city
  • Paul Konerko (1976–), Major League Baseball player
  • Wally Lamb (1950–), author of She's Come Undone and I Know This Much Is True; director of the Writing Center at the Norwich Free Academy in the city from 1989 to 1998
  • Edwin H. Land (1909–1991), inventor of the Polaroid camera
  • James Lanman (1767-1841), United States Senator (1819-1825)
  • Cato Mead (ca. 1761–1846), African-American Revolutionary War veteran
  • Elisha Perkins (1741–1799), popular quack doctor whose magnetic therapy "Perkins Tractors" (made up of two 3-inch (76 mm) steel and brass rods with points at the ends) convinced even George Washington to buy a set
  • Simeon Perkins (1735–1812), Nova Scotia merchant, diarist, and politician; outfitted Loyalist privateers during the American War for Independence; born and raised in this city until moving to Liverpool, Nova Scotia with the New England Planters
  • Bela Pratt, sculptor, born in Norwich in 1867
  • E. Annie Proulx, journalist and author; born in 1935 in the city
  • Edith Roosevelt (1861–1948), second wife of Theodore Roosevelt, born in the city
  • Lottie B. Scott (born 1936), civic leader and civil rights advocate, lived in Norwich since 1957
  • Ellis Ruley (1882-1959), African-American folk artist
  • William Albert Setchell (1864–1943), botanist and UC Berkeley professor, born in the city
  • Matt Shaughnessy (1986-), football defensive end for the Oakland Raiders of the National Football League, graduate of Norwich Free Academy
  • Charles Sholes (1816–1867), Wisconsin politician, born in the city
  • Lydia Sigourney (1791–1865), extremely popular poet from the early-to-mid-19th century, born in the city
  • John Fox Slater (1815–1884), industrialist and philanthropist, founder of million-dollar Slater Fund for the Education of the Southern Freedmen in 1882
  • Horace Smith (1808–1893), partnered with Daniel B. Wesson in Norwich in the early 1850s to develop the first repeating rifle, known as the Volcanic rifle; the two founded Smith & Wesson in 1852
  • James Lindsay Smith (ca. 1816 – ca. 1883), African American slave narrative author and minister
  • Sarah Lanman Smith (1802–1836), American Christian missionary, memoirist, school founder
  • Albert H. Tracy (1793–1859), former US Congressman
  • Phineas L. Tracy (1786–1876), former US Congressman
  • Dean Trantalis (1953–), mayor of Fort Lauderdale, Florida
  • Ariel. L. Varges, (1890-1972), newsreel cameraman and war photographer, died in Norwich
  • John T. Wait (1811–1899), Connecticut politician and lawyer, U.S. Representative from 1876 to 1887
  • Henry S. Walbridge (1801–1869), former US Congressman
  • Daniel B. Wesson (1825–1906), firearm designer; see Horace Smith
  • Bernard Widrow (1929–), electrical engineer
  • William Woodbridge (1780–1861), Governor of Michigan, also represented the state in the U.S. Senate, was born in the city

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See also

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