Royal Canadian Air Cadets facts for kids

Quick facts for kids Royal Canadian Air Cadets
Cadets de l'Aviation royale du Canada  (French)
Badge of the Royal Canadian Air Cadets
Active	April 9, 1941 – present
Country	Canada
Branch	Air
Type	Youth cadets organization
Size	454 squadrons (more than 26,000 cadets)
Part of	Canadian Cadet Organizations
Headquarters	Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Patron	Governor General of Canada
Motto(s)	To learn – to serve – to advance
March	Quick: "RCAF March Past"
Commanders
Current commander	Brigadier-General Dominique Brais
Formation Chief Warrant Officer	Chief Petty Officer 1st Class David Bliss
Insignia
Ensign
Aircraft flown
Trainer	Schweizer SGS 2-33A, Cessna L-19, Cessna 182, Bellanca Scout, Cessna 172

The Royal Canadian Air Cadets (French: Cadets de l'Aviation royale du Canada) is a fun and exciting program for young people in Canada. It's for anyone aged 12 to 18 who wants to learn new skills. This program is run by the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) and gets money from the Canadian government.

The Air Cadet League of Canada (ACLC), a group of civilians, also helps out a lot. The Air Cadets are part of the "largest federally funded youth program" in Canada. This program also includes the Royal Canadian Sea Cadets and Royal Canadian Army Cadets. It's important to know that cadets are not part of the military. They don't have to join the Canadian Armed Forces later on.

The first Air Cadet groups started in 1941. They helped train young men during World War II. Today, the program helps young people become good citizens and leaders. It also encourages them to be physically fit. Plus, it helps them learn about aviation and the Canadian Armed Forces.

Most of the training happens at your local squadron during the school year. Some cadets also get to go to special summer training courses across Canada. A big part of the Air Cadet program is learning to fly gliders and airplanes. Many pilots in Canada started as Air Cadets. There are 454 squadrons all over the country. More than 26,000 Air Cadets are part of the program.

What Air Cadets Do

The main goal of the Cadet Program is to help young people grow. It teaches them to be good citizens and strong leaders. It also helps them stay active and learn about air activities. The Air Cadet motto is "To learn. To serve. To advance." A cadet named Robert Myles Colwell created this motto in 1966.

You can join the Air Cadets if you are between 12 and 18 years old. The Air Cadets use a rank system similar to the Royal Canadian Air Force. For example, they have Flight Corporals and Flight Sergeants. Cadets are not members of the Canadian Armed Forces. There is no pressure to join the military after the program. However, if cadets do join, they might get credit for their time in the program.

Adult leaders help run the program. Most of these leaders are officers from the Cadet Organizations Administration and Training Service. They are specially trained to teach cadets. Some are former cadets themselves.

The Canadian Cadet Organization works with the CAF and civilian groups. These groups include the Air Cadet League. Each local cadet group has a committee that helps raise money. The basic Air Cadet program is free. This includes uniforms and most activities. Local groups often get support from clubs like the Royal Canadian Legion. These groups help pay for things like buildings, insurance, and extra activities. Cadets and their parents often help with fundraising.

Air Cadet History

The Air Cadet program began during World War II. It was created to help train young men for the war. Before 1940, there were some unofficial groups. In 1939, Alan Duncan Bell-Irving and A.W. (Nick) Carter started the 1601 Air Force Cadet Wing in Vancouver. This group worked with the Department of National Defence.

In 1940, the Air Minister wanted a national group to train young men. This group would help meet the need for pilots during the war. On November 11, 1940, the Air Cadet League of Canada was officially formed. The first squadrons started in 1941. By 1942, there were 135 squadrons and 10,000 cadets. The program grew quickly. By 1944, it had 29,000 cadets in 374 squadrons.

At first, Air Cadets wore old uniforms from the RCAF. These were blue-grey wool uniforms. In 1943, they got a new uniform similar to the wartime RCAF uniform. After the war, the program changed. It focused more on citizenship and aviation. Summer courses and flying scholarships were introduced. More than 15,000 cadets have earned their private pilot licence through these scholarships.

In 1953, Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, became the organization's Air Commodore-in-Chief. He held this role until his death in 2021.

In the late 1960s, a system of "air cadet wings" was stopped. All squadrons became independent. Senior cadets used to work as staff at summer camps. They were called "Call-out Corporals." This system was later changed to the "staff cadet" program. Now, senior cadets get advanced training and help the adult leaders.

In 1975, girls were officially allowed to join the Air Cadets. The uniform also changed. It went from wool to a rifle green safari style. In the mid-1980s, a new air force blue uniform was issued. Today, the Royal Canadian Air Cadets has about 23,000 members in 456 squadrons. It is a diverse program with many boys and girls.

Local Training

Each squadron meets one night a week. This is called a "parade night." During this time, cadets learn many things. The program lasts six years. It teaches about citizenship, leadership, survival training, and aviation basics. Older cadets (in their fifth year or more) can teach younger cadets. Local training runs from September to June.

Besides weekly training, cadets can join extra activities. These include band, marksmanship (shooting air rifles), biathlon, military drill, and first aid. Many of these activities have competitions at different levels. Cadets also go on weekend exercises. They might do survival training or participate in Remembrance Day ceremonies. They can also go on familiarization flights. Some squadrons also take part in community events like parades.

How Training Works

A new training system started in 2008. It uses new teaching materials and modern ways to help young people learn. This system helps connect the Air, Sea, and Army Cadet programs.

The program recognizes that young people (12-18) learn in different ways. Younger cadets learn best by doing things. Older cadets learn more about solving problems and thinking abstractly. The training methods change for each age group.

Squadrons have mandatory training activities. They can also choose extra activities based on what cadets are interested in. The program is introduced one year at a time. For example, the new Level 5 was introduced in 2012. Cadets already in the old system finished their training that way. This program will soon be updated again.

Training Levels

Air Cadets work through five training levels. Each level usually takes ten months to complete. If a cadet is 14 or older, they can finish Levels 1 and 2 in one year. When cadets complete a level, they get a special badge. As cadets get older, they learn to take on more responsibility. They might even teach other cadets.

Since 2022, a new training called PHASE (Promoting Healthy And Safe Experiences) has been added. In 2024, Level 5 and beyond were replaced with the ALP (Advanced Leadership Program). This program helps senior cadets improve their leadership skills.

Levels of the Royal Canadian Air Cadets – Junior Cadets

Level One	Level Two	Level Three
To achieve Level One a cadet must satisfactorily complete the following first year performance objectives: PO 101 – Citizenship PO 102 – Community Service PO 103 – Leadership PO 104 – Personal Fitness and Healthy Living PO 105 – Recreational Sports PO 106 – Air Rifle Marksmanship PO 107 – General Cadet Knowledge PO 108 – Drill PO 120 – Canadian Forces Familiarization PO 121 – Canadian Aviation, Aerospace and Aerodrome Operations Community Familiarization PO 129 – Radio Communication PO 130 – Aviation Activities PO 140 – Aerospace Activities PO 160 – Aerodrome Operations Activities PO 190 – Aircrew Survival PHASE Training	To achieve Level Two a cadet must satisfactorily complete the following second year performance objectives: PO 201 – Citizenship PO 202 – Community Service PO 203 – Leadership PO 204 – Personal Fitness and Healthy Living PO 205 – Recreational Sports PO 206 – Air Rifle Marksmanship PO 207 – General Cadet Knowledge PO 208 – Drill PO 211 – Biathlon PO 230 – Aviation History PO 231 – Principles of Flight PO 232 – Propulsion PO 240 – Aerospace PO 260 – Aerodrome Operations PO 270 – Aircraft Manufacturing and Maintenance PO 290 – Aircrew Survival PHASE Training	To achieve Level Three a cadet must satisfactorily complete the following third year performance objectives PO 301 – Citizenship PO 302 – Community Service PO 303 – Leadership PO 304 – Personal Fitness and Healthy Living PO 305 – Recreational Sports PO 306 – Air Rifle Marksmanship PO 307 – General Cadet Knowledge PO 308 – Drill PO 309 – Instructional Techniques PO 311 – Biathlon PO 320 – Canadian Forces Familiarization PO 331 – Principles of Flight PO 336 – Meteorology PO 337 – Air Navigation PO 340 – Aerospace PO 360 – Aerodrome Operations PO 370 – Aircraft Manufacturing and Maintenance PO 390 – Aircrew Survival PHASE Training

Levels of the Royal Canadian Air Cadets – Senior Cadets

Level Four	Level Five	Onwards
To achieve Level Four a cadet must satisfactorily complete the following fourth year performance objectives PO 401 – Citizenship PO 402 – Community Service PO 403 – Leadership PO 404 – Personal Fitness and Healthy Living PO 405 – Recreational Sports PO 406 – Air Rifle Marksmanship PO 407 – General Cadet Knowledge PO 408 – Drill PO 409 – Instructional Techniques PO 420 – Canadian Forces Familiarization PO 429 – Radio Communication PO 431 – Principles of Flight PO 432 – Propulsion PO 436 – Meteorology PO 437 – Air Navigation PO 440 – Aerospace PO 460 – Aerodrome Operations PO 470 – Aircraft Manufacturing and Maintenance PO 490 – Aircrew Survival PHASE Training	To achieve Level Five a cadet must satisfactorily complete the following fifth year performance objectives PO 501 - Citizenship PO 502 – Community Service PO 503 – Leadership PO 504 – Personal Fitness and Healthy Living PO 507 – General Cadet Knowledge PO 509 – Instructional Techniques PO 513 – Personal Development (Workshops) PO 514 – Personal Development (Individual Learning)	Cadets who have completed Level Five are often assigned responsibilities to help administer the squadron including assisting in clothing stores, squadron administration, training coordination and instruction There are no further badges awarded beyond Level Five

Extra Training Groups

Many squadrons have special teams or groups for extra training. Here are some examples:

• Drill Team: Cadets practice marching and complex drill moves. They might join a flag party or compete.
• Marksmanship Team: Cadets learn to shoot air rifles at targets. They can compete in shooting competitions.
• Military Band: Cadets learn to play brass, woodwind, or percussion instruments. They also learn special drill moves.
• Pipe Band: Cadets learn to play bagpipes or drums. They also learn special drill moves.
• Biathlon Team: Cadets learn to run or ski cross-country and shoot targets. They can compete in biathlon events.
• Ground School: Cadets learn the basics of aviation. This helps them prepare for glider or pilot training courses.

Summer Training

Air Cadets can also train during the summer. They can go to a Cadet Training Centre (CTC) or take national courses.

Cadet Training Centres

A Cadet Training Centre (CTC) is a place where cadets from all three elements (Sea, Army, Air) go for in-person summer training. Cadets can attend a CTC after finishing their second year of local training. These centres offer courses that help cadets develop leadership skills and confidence. Most courses are either two-week introductory programs or four-week instructor courses. These longer courses prepare cadets to be leaders and teachers in the program.

In-Person Summer Courses

In-person CTC courses are usually either introduction courses or instructor courses. Introduction courses are typically two weeks long. They help cadets build personal skills and basic knowledge in a specific area. Instructor courses are four weeks long. They focus on leadership, teaching skills, and specific subject knowledge. Cadets who finish instructor courses are expected to teach and lead at their home squadrons. When a cadet successfully completes a course, they get a badge for their uniform.

Course	Length	Prerequisites	Element	Location
Introduction to Marksmanship (ITM)	2 Weeks	Proficiency level 2+	Common	Argonaut CTC, Blackdown CTC, Valcartier CTC, Vernon CTC
Air Rifle Marksmanship Instructor (ARMI)	4 Weeks	Proficiency level 3+	Common	Argonaut CTC, Blackdown CTC, Valcartier CTC, Vernon CTC, Whitehorse CTC
Introduction to Drill and Ceremonial (ITDC)	2 Weeks	Proficiency level 2+	Common	Argonaut CTC, Blackdown, Rocky Mountain CTC, CTC, Valcartier CTC, Vernon CTC
Drill and Ceremonial Instructor Course (DCI)	4 Weeks	Proficiency level 3+	Common	Argonaut CTC, Blackdown, Rocky Mountain CTC, CTC, Valcartier CTC, Vernon CTC, Whitehorse CTC
Introduction to Fitness and Sports (ITFS)	2 Weeks	Proficiency level 2+	Common	Blackdown CTC, Greenwood CTC, Valcartier CTC, Vernon CTC
Fitness and Sports Instructor Course (FSI)	4 Weeks	Proficiency level 3+	Common	Blackdown CTC, Greenwood CTC, Valcartier CTC, Vernon CTC
Introduction to Military Band (ITMB)	2 Weeks	Proficiency level 2+	Common	Blackdown CTC, HMCS Quadra CTC, Valcartier CTC
Military Band Musician (MB)	4 Weeks	Proficiency level 3+ / Musician Level II	Common	Blackdown CTC, HMCS Quadra CTC, Valcartier CTC
Introduction to Pipe Band (ITPB)	2 Weeks	Proficiency level 2+	Common	Blackdown CTC, Rocky Mountain CTC
Pipe Band Musician (PB)	4 Weeks	Proficiency level 3+ / Pipes and Drums Level II	Common	Blackdown CTC, Rocky Mountain CTC
Aviation Technology and Aerospace (ATA)	2 Weeks	Proficiency level 2+	Air	Bagotville CTC, Blackdown CTC, Cold Lake CTC, Greenwood CTC, HMCS Quadra CTC
Advanced Aviation Course (AA)	4 Weeks	Proficiency level 3+	Air	Bagotville CTC, Blackdown CTC, Cold Lake CTC, Greenwood CTC, HMCS Quadra CTC
Glider Pilot Training Course (GPTC)	6 - 7 Weeks	Proficiency level 3+ / 16 Years of age by Sept 1 / Vaild TCCA Cat 3 Medical	Air	St-Jean CTC, Trenton CTC
Power Pilot Training Course (PPTC)	7 Weeks	Proficiency level 4+ / 17 Years of age by Sept 1 / Vaild TCCA Cat 3 Medical	Air	Argonaut CTC, Bagotville CTC, HMCS Quadra CTC, St-Jean CTC
Introduction to Survival (ITS)	2 Weeks	Proficiency level 2+	Air	Argonaut CTC, Blackdown CTC, Cold Lake CTC, Valcartier CTC, Vernon CTC
Survival Instructor Course (SI)	4 Weeks	Proficiency level 3+	Air	Argonaut CTC, Blackdown CTC, Cold Lake CTC, Valcartier CTC, Whitehorse CTC

Cadet Training Centre Locations

Cadet Training Centres (CTCs) are special places that run during the summer. They offer advanced training for cadets across Canada. The Canadian Armed Forces helps manage these centres. CTCs provide structured courses in leadership, teaching, and technical skills. Cadets also get to meet other cadets from all over the country.

Current Cadet Training Centres (2025)

CTC	Location	Region	Primary Element	First Year	Language	Notes
Argonaut CTC	5 CDSB Gagetown	Atlantic	Army	1972	English
Bagotville CTC	CFB Bagotville	Eastern	Sea	1969	French
Blackdown CTC	CFB Borden	Central	Army	1994	Bilingual
Cold Lake CTC	CFB Cold Lake	Northwest	Air	1973	English
Greenwood CTC	CFB Greenwood	Atlantic	Air		English
HMCS Ontario CTC	CFB Kingston	Central	Sea	1981	English
HMCS Quadra CTC	CFB Comox	Pacific	Sea	1952	English
Rocky Mountain CTC	Cochrane, Alberta	Northwest	Army	1999	English
St-Jean CTC	RMC Saint-Jean	Eastern	Air	1975	French
Trenton CTC	CFB Trenton	Central	Army	1929	English
Valcartier CTC	2 CDSB Valcartier	Eastern	Army	1968	French
Vernon CTC	Vernon, British Columbia	Pacific	Army	1949	English
Whitehorse CTC	Whitehorse, Yukon	Northwest	Army	1985	English

Former Cadet Training Centres

CTC	Location	Region	Year Closed	Reason for closing
Albert Head Air Cadet Summer Training Centre	CFB Esquimalt	Pacific	2022	Cadet Program Rescope, returned to Maritime Forces Pacific
Comox Cadet Flying Training Centre	CFB Comox	Pacific	2022	Cadet Program Rescope, merged with HMCS Quadra CTC
Penhold Air Cadet Summer Training Centre	RCAF Station Penhold	Northwest	2014	High leasing and infrastructure costs
Gimli Cadet Flying Training Centre	Gimli, Manitoba	Northwest	2022	Cadet Program Rescope
Mountainview Cadet Flying Training Centre	CFB Trenton	Central	2022	Cadet Program Rescope, merged with Trenton CTC
Debert Cadet Flying Training Centre	CFS Debert	Atlanic	2022	Cadet Program Rescope

Online Learning Centre

The Cadet Technology and Digital Learning Centre (TDLC) is an online training program. Cadets can take interactive courses from home during the summer. These courses focus on digital skills and leadership. They cover topics like cyber safety, drone operation, and coding. The program is flexible and offers valuable technical skills.

Course	Requirements	Duration	Notes
Cyber Safety and Security Team Leader (CSSTL)	Proficiency level 2+ / Laptop / Computer able to operate VMware player	2 Weeks
Support Services Team Leader (SSTL)	Proficiency level 2+ / Digital Camera	2 Weeks	Recommended for Proficiency Level 3+
Small Craft Coxswain (SCC)	Proficiency level 2+	2 Weeks	Recommended for Proficiency Level 3+
Basic Microdrone Operator (BMDO)	Proficiency level 2+	2 Weeks
Nova Quest (NQ)	Proficiency level 2+	2 Weeks
Basic Coder (BC)	Proficiency level 2+	2 Weeks

Advanced Summer Training

Advanced Summer Training is for cadets who have already completed basic summer training. These programs are more intense and selective. They focus on advanced leadership and technical skills. This includes instructor courses, exchanges, and staff cadet positions. Cadets often need to apply and be interviewed for these programs. Finishing advanced training helps cadets take on bigger roles in their squadron.

Staff Cadets

Staff Cadets (SCdt) are experienced cadets who become leaders and instructors during summer training. They are usually 16 or older. They are chosen for their skills and leadership potential. Staff Cadets help supervise, train, and guide younger cadets. They are role models and gain valuable experience. They can work as instructors, leaders, or in support roles. Staff Cadets receive a weekly training payment. They also gain qualifications that help them in and out of the cadet program.

Staff Cadet Requirements

• Be 16 years old before the first day of work and not 19 before the last day.
• Have completed Phase 3/Silver Star/Level 3 by the end of the 2024-2025 training year.
• Be at least a Petty Officer 2nd Class/Sergeant rank.
• Have a social insurance number and a personal bank account.

Cadet Training Centre Staff Roles

Staff Cadets work in many different roles at Cadet Training Centres. They help with training, support, and command. They supervise cadets, teach lessons, and lead activities. Each CTC has a senior cadet called a Warrant Officer 1st Class. This cadet is the top cadet leader at the camp. Individual courses are usually led by a Warrant Officer 2nd Class. Each group (flight) has a Flight Sergeant and three Sergeants as instructors.

Training Roles

Staff Cadets in training roles are instructors. They teach and lead cadets in daily activities. Training staff are usually Sergeants or Flight Sergeants.

Support Roles

Every Cadet Training Centre has Staff Cadets in support roles. They help with things like operations, administration, supply, and sports.

Senior Cadet Leaders

Senior Cadet Staff hold important leadership positions. They oversee courses and the whole camp. The most senior cadet at the CTC is a Warrant Officer 1st Class. They are the top cadet leader for the entire centre.

Digital Internship

A Digital Internship at a Cadet Training Centre means you are on-site but focus on technology. You help with IT tasks like setting up computers and networks.

Online Learning Staff

An eLearning Staff Cadet helps with virtual summer training courses from home. They use online tools to teach junior cadets across Canada.

National Cadet Advisory Council

The National Cadet Advisory Council (NCAC) is a group of senior cadets from across Canada. They give ideas and feedback to the Department of National Defence about the cadet program. This council lets cadets share their opinions and help improve the program. Members are chosen for their leadership and experience.

Staff Cadet Pay

Staff Cadets get paid based on the Canadian Armed Forces Reserve Officer Cadets salary. Higher ranks receive more pay.

Rank	Percentage	Daily Pay (as of 2025)
Cadet Flight Corporal	72%	$96.00
Cadet Sergeant	78%	$104.00
Cadet Flight Sergeant	84%	$112.00
Cadet Warrant Officer 2nd	90%	$120.00
Cadet Warrant Officer 1st Class	96%	$128.00

Flying

Every spring and fall, about 22,000 Air Cadets get to fly gliders. This happens at gliding centres across Canada. Each summer, 320 cadets earn a Transport Canada Glider Pilot Licence. Another 250 cadets earn a Private Pilot Licence. The Air Cadet Gliding Program does about 60,000 glider flights each year. They use Schweizer SGS 2-33 gliders.

The gliders and tow planes are owned by the Air Cadet League of Canada. The Canadian Armed Forces helps maintain them. CAF pilots and civilian instructors fly these aircraft to train cadets. For the Private Pilot Training Course, cadets go to private flight schools. They fly different planes like the Cessna 152 or Cessna 172.

Aircraft Used

Make/Model	Type	Manufacturer	Origins
Schweizer SGS 2-33A	Glider	Schweizer Aircraft	United States
Cessna L-19 Superdog	Tow Plane	Cessna	United States
Cessna 182	Tow Plane	Cessna	United States
Bellanca Scout	Tow Plane	Bellanca	United States

Uniforms

Royal Canadian Air Cadets get uniforms to wear. These uniforms are like those worn by the Royal Canadian Air Force. They include a cap, shirt, tie, jacket, pants, and boots. Cadets wear rank badges, name tags, and special pins. They are expected to keep their uniforms neat and tidy.

Category	Order of Dress	When Worn
Ceremonial Dress	C1 - Ceremonial Dress	A formal uniform, worn for special events like: formal ceremonies or parades; guards of honour; and church services or parades.
	C1H - Highland Dress	A formal uniform for Highland and kilted Irish units and pipe bands.
	C1H - Highland Dress Short Sleeve	When allowed by the squadron commanding officer.
Mess Dress	C2 - Mess Dress	An optional formal uniform worn for: mess or formal dinners; and other special events.
	C2H - Highland Mess Dress	When allowed by the squadron commanding officer.
Service Dress	C3 - Service Dress	For routine daily duties.
	C3A - Open Coller	When allowed by the squadron commanding officer.
	C3B - Summer Dress	When allowed by the squadron commanding officer.
	C3C - Travel Dress	When allowed by the squadron commanding officer.
	C3H - Highland Service Dress	When allowed by the squadron commanding officer.
Training Dress	C5 - Field Training Uniform (FTU)	A practical uniform worn for specific training like marksmanship or field training.
	C5A - FTU Dressed Down	A practical uniform worn for specific training like marksmanship or field training.
	C5B - Flight Suit	A practical uniform worn for flying or other specific activities.
	C5C - PT Gear	When allowed by the training centre or squadron commanding officer.

Uniform Accessories

Air Cadets can wear extra items on their uniform. These depend on their role, like being in a band or a flag party.

Pace Sticks and Drill Canes

Pace Sticks are special tools used by senior cadets. They show leadership and authority in drill. They help measure marching steps. Only the Squadron Warrant Officer and Squadron Chief Warrant Officer can carry a pace stick.

Drill Canes are also symbolic tools carried by senior cadets. They show authority and discipline. They are mainly used by Army Cadets. However, at summer training centres, senior Sea Cadets and Air Cadets can also carry them.

Lanyards, Gaiters, and Cotton Gloves

Lanyards, Gaiters, and Cotton Gloves are ceremonial accessories. Air Cadets wear them during formal parades. Lanyards are often worn by staff cadets. Gaiters are less common but can be worn for ceremonial drill. Cotton gloves are worn by flag parties and drill teams. They make the uniform look sharper.

White Webbing

White Webbing is a ceremonial accessory. Air Cadets wear it during formal parades or duties like flag party. It includes a white belt and straps. It makes the uniform look more disciplined.

Brassards Brassards are cloth armbands worn on the upper sleeve. They show qualification badges, rank, and awards. They help keep the main uniform clean. They are mostly worn at Cadet Training Centres to show rank.

Remembrance Day Symbols The Remembrance Day poppy can be worn on all uniforms from the last Friday of October until November 11th. It is worn on the left pocket flap of the shirt and left chest of the jacket.

Insignia Badges

Insignia Badges on Air Cadet uniforms show rank, qualifications, and achievements. They recognize a cadet's skills and progress.

Proficiency Badges

Proficiency Badges show a cadet's rank, qualifications, and achievements. They are worn on the uniform in specific places.

Proficiency Insignia

Type	Level	Badge
Fitness	Bronze	Badge indicating I
	Sliver	Badge indicating II
	Gold	Badge indicating III
	Excellence	Badge with a Maple Leaf
Music	Basic	Music note
	Level I	Music note with I
	Level II	Music note with II
	Level III	Music note with III
	Level IV	Music note with IV
	Level V	Music note with V
Marksmanship	Marksman	Crossed Rifles with I
	Marksman First Class	Crossed Rifles with II
	Expert Marksman	Crossed Rifles with III
	Distinguished Marksman	Crossed Rifles with IV
First Aid	Emergency First Aid	First Aid Cross with I
	Standard First Aid	First Aid Cross with II

Participation and Competition Badges

Participation and Competition Insignia show that Air Cadets have taken part in sports, marksmanship, music, and other activities. They show a cadet's extra efforts.

Type	Level	Badge / Pin
Staff and Exchange	Staff Cadet	Maple Leaf with Reef
	International Exchange	Globe
ACLC Effective Speaking Competition	Zone Bronze	Bronze Air Cadet Speaking Pin
	Provincial Silver	Silver Air Cadet Speaking Pin
	National Gold	Gold Air Cadet Speaking Pin
Marksmanship Compeition	Marksmanship Zone Competition Bronze	Bronze Cadet Prone Shooter
	Marksmanship Provincial Competition Silver	Silver Cadet Prone Shooter
	Marksmanship National Competition Gold	Gold Cadet Prone Shooter
	Vanplew and Clément Tremblay Awards	Gold Cadet Prone Shooter in a Reef
Biathlon Compeition	Biathlon Zone Competition Bronze	Bronze Cadet Skiing
	Biathlon Provincial Competition Silver	Silver Cadet Skiing
	Biathlon National Competition Gold	Gold Cadet Skiing
	Myriam Bédard, Nikki Keddie and Jean-Philippe Le Guellec Awards	Gold Cadet Skiing in a Reef

Ranks

When you join the Air Cadets, you start as a "Cadet" (Cdt). You can get promoted to higher ranks by meeting certain standards. These standards make sure all cadets at a certain rank have similar skills.

Cadets start getting leadership roles when they reach the rank of Flight Corporal. Flight Corporals can lead small groups of younger cadets. Sergeants help with daily squadron activities. They teach lessons and help with tasks like attendance. Flight Sergeants lead larger groups (flights). Warrant Officers 2nd Class work closely with adult leaders. They help with administration, training, and public relations. Warrant Officers 1st Class report directly to the squadron's Commanding Officer. They oversee all squadron activities.

The official name of each rank includes "cadet" (e.g., cadet corporal). But usually, people just say "corporal." If you need to tell the difference between a cadet and a Canadian Forces member, you would say "cadet corporal."

Merit Review Board Process

To be promoted to Flight Sergeant (FSgt), Warrant Officer Second Class (WO2), or Warrant Officer First Class (WO1), cadets need to be recommended by a Merit Review Board (MRB). This board has three to five members. The squadron's commanding officer leads the board.

The MRB has two parts: reviewing the cadet's file and an interview. The file review looks at things like attendance, training performance, and awards. After the file review, cadets are invited for an interview. All cadets are asked the same questions. They get these questions up to 72 hours before the interview. Cadets might be asked about their goals, leadership experiences, and how they would handle different situations. After both parts, the board decides if the cadet should be promoted.

Ranks of the Royal Canadian Air Cadets

Junior Cadets (Air Cadet - Flight Corporal)
CDT 1	CDT 2	CDT 3	CDT 4
Cadet (Cdt) cadet de l'air	Leading Air Cadet (LAC) cadet de l'air de 1er Classe	Cadet Corporal (Cpl) caporal	Cadet Flight Corporal (FCpl) caporal de section
No insignia	One double-bladed Propeller.	a two-bar Chevron	A two-bar Chevron surmounted by a St Edward's Crown
The rank of Air Cadet is granted upon enrollment. Those wishing to enroll must be at least 12 years of age and younger than 19 years of age.	In order to be promoted to Leading Air Cadet, a cadet must: Actively participate in the proficiency Level 1 of the LHQ training program for a minimum period of five months; and Be recommended by the appropriate flight commander (officer).	In order to be promoted to Corporal, a cadet must: Hold the rank of Leading Air Cadet Successfully complete the first year of the proficiency level training (Proficiency Level 1); and Be recommended by the appropriate flight commander (officer).	In order to be promoted to Flight Corporal, a cadet must: Complete at least six months service at the rank of Corporal Successfully complete the second year of the proficiency level training program (Proficiency Level 2); and Be recommended by the appropriate flight commander (officer).
Senior Cadets (Sergeant - Warrant Officer First Class)
CDT 5	CDT 6	CDT 7	CDT 8
Cadet Sergeant (Sgt) sergent	Cadet Flight Sergeant (FSgt) sergent de section	Cadet Warrant Officer Second Class (WO2) adjudant 2e classe	Cadet Warrant Officer First Class (WO1) adjudant 1er classe
A three-bar Chevron	A three-bar Chevron surmounted by a St Edward's Crown	A St Edward's Crown within a wreath of Maple leaves	A simplified version of the 1957 Coat of arms of canada
In order to be promoted to Sergeant, a cadet must: Complete at least six months service at the rank of Flight Corporal Successfully complete the third year of the proficiency level training program (Proficiency Level 3) Complete PO303 (Leadership); and Be recommended by the appropriate flight commander (officer)	In order to be promoted to Flight Sergeant, a cadet must: Complete at least six months service at the rank of Sergeant Successfully complete the fourth year of the proficiency level training program (Proficiency Level 4) Complete PO403 (Leadership); and Be recommended by the appropriate flight commander (officer)	In order to be promoted to Warrant Officer Second Class, a cadet must: Complete at least six months service at the substantive rank of Flight Sergeant Attain a minimum of "completed without difficulty" in PO503 (Leadership) Be identified as a successful candidate through the merit review board process; and Be recommended by the appropriate flight commander (officer)	In order to be promoted to Warrant Officer First Class, a cadet must: Complete at least six months service at the substantive rank of Warrant Officer 2nd Class Be identified as a successful candidate through the merit review board process Hold a leadership position within the squadron; Be recommended by the appropriate flight commander (officer) Upon being promoted to WO1, the cadet is henceforth referred to as the Chief/Warrant/Squadron Commander of their Squadron, should they not already hold that position. Promotion to Warrant Officer 1st Class may be considered the pinnacle of an Air Cadet's service. Prior to 1976, the size of the squadron dictated the top rank available and many squadrons were ineligible to carry a WO1 on their establishment effectively capping promotion at WO2 for the squadron's ranking cadet. Squadrons are limited to one Warrant Officer First Class. The Warrant Officer First Class position must be vacant for a cadet to be promoted. An existing Warrant Officer First Class (or equivalent) may keep their rank if they transfer to another corps or squadron.

As of October 10, 2023, cadets no longer need to do a fitness assessment to be promoted. Also, promotions to ranks below Warrant Officer Second Class no longer require a minimum standard in leadership training.

Cadet Appointments

As cadets move up in rank, they can take on leadership roles once they reach Sergeant. Squadron officers decide who is eligible for these roles. They tell the cadet about the appointment and give them training. More senior cadets also offer advice. These appointments can be in training support or command positions.

Support

Department	Rank	Title	Abbrev.
Administration	Sgt	Administration Sergeant	Admin Sgt
	FSgt	Administration Flight Sergeant	Admin FSgt
	WO2	Administration Warrant Officer Second Class	Admin WO2
Supply	Sgt	Supply Sergeant	Sup Sgt
	Sgt	Cadet Canteen Assistant	Cdt Canteen A
	FSgt	Supply Flight Sergeant	Sup FSgt
	WO2	Supply Warrant Officer Second Class	Sup WO2
Public Affairs	Sgt	Cadet Correspondent Assistant	C Corr A
	FSgt	Cadet Correspondent	C Corr

Training

Department	Rank	Title	Abbrev.
Band	Sgt	Band Sergeant	Band Sgt
	FSgt	Music Instructor	Mus Instr
	WO2	Band Warrant Officer Second Class	Band WO2
Standards	Sgt	Drill and Ceremonial Assistant	D&C A
	FSgt	Standards Flight Sergeant	Stds FSgt
	WO2	Standards Warrant Officer Second Class	Stds WO2
Instruction	Sgt	Instructor	Instr
	Sgt	Cadet Marksmanship Coach	Cdt Marks C
	Sgt	Cadet Biathlon Coach	Cdt Biathlon C
	FSgt	Survival Instructor	SI
	FSgt	Fitness and Sports Instructor	FSI
	FSgt	Drill and Ceremonial Instructor	DCI
Training	Sgt	Cadet Training Assistant	Cdt Trg A
	WO2	Training Warrant Officer Second Class	Trg WO2

Organizational

Rank	Title	Abbrev.
Sgt	Section Commander	Sect Comm
Sgt	Flight Second in Command	Flt 2iC
Sgt	Flag Party Second in Command	FP 2iC
FSgt	Flight Sergeant	Flt Sgt
WO2	Squadron Warrant Officer	SWO
WO1	Squadron Chief Warrant Officer	Sqn CWO

Music Appointments

Squadrons can create cadet bands if they want to. They need to talk to the sponsoring committee about getting instruments. There are two types of bands: military bands and pipe bands. Military bands use woodwind, brass, and percussion instruments. Pipe bands use pipes and drums. Cadets can earn music proficiency badges for their uniform.

The squadron's Commanding Officer decides who can be a Drum Major or Pipe Major. To get these roles, cadets need to show skills in band drill and commands. They also need to have Music Proficiency Level 2 and be at least a Flight Corporal. Only one cadet can be a Drum Major or Pipe Major in a squadron at a time.

Music Appointments

Drum Major	Pipe Major
Appointed at the discretion of the Squadron Commanding Officer Demonstrates skills and knowledge in band drill, commands and formations Qualified Music Proficiency Level 2 Holds the minimum rank of Flight Corporal Badge is removed when cadet no longer fills the appointment Worn on lower sleeve. (Between elbow and wrist). Only one cadet in a squadron can be appointed Drum Major	Appointed at the discretion of the Squadron Commanding Officer Demonstrates skills and knowledge in band drill, commands and formations Qualified Music Proficiency Level 2 Holds the minimum rank of Flight Corporal Badge is removed when cadet no longer fills the appointment Worn on lower sleeve (between elbow and wrist). Only one cadet in a squadron can be appointed Pipe Major

Honours and Awards

The Canadian Cadet Movement has its own system for honours and awards. Cadets can earn these for bravery, good citizenship, service, or great performance in summer training. Cadets can also wear any official Canadian medals they have received.

Some awards are for all three cadet elements (Sea, Army, Air). Others are just for Air Cadets. If a cadet moves from one element to another, they can still wear medals from their previous service. Here are some awards Air Cadets can earn:

Medal	Image	Description
Cadet Medal for Bravery	.	Given for brave actions in dangerous situations. It also recognizes outstanding acts of courage, risking one's life to save another person's life or property.
Lord Strathcona Medal	.	Awarded for excellent performance in physical and military training.
Royal Canadian Legion Cadet Medal of Excellence	.	Recognizes individual efforts in citizenship that help the cadet programs.
Colonel Robert Perron Award	N/A	Given each year to the cadet with the highest physical fitness test score. This award is paused for one year as of June 28, 2023.
Air Force Association of Canada Medal		Awarded for excellence on the Glider Pilot Training Course (GPTC) and the Power Pilot Training Course (PPTC). One medal is given to the top cadet on each course at each of the five Cadet Flying Training Centres.
Army, Navy and Air Force Veterans in Canada Cadet Medal of Merit	.	Awarded at each CTC to the top cadet for various summer courses, such as: Advanced Aviation Technology Course – Airport Operations Advanced Aviation Technology Course – Aircraft Maintenance Advanced Aerospace Course Drill and Ceremonial Instructor Course Fitness and Sports Instructor Course Survival Instructor Course Air Rifle Marksmanship Instructor Course Military Band - Intermediate Musician Course Military Band - Advanced Musician Course Pipe Band - Intermediate Musician Course Pipe Band - Advanced Musician Course
Order of St. George Medal	.	Awarded to the top Staff Cadet(s) at each CTC.
Air Cadet Service Medal		Recognizes all air cadets who have completed four years of good service without serious problems. Extra bars are given for each additional year, up to two bars.
Cadet Certificate of Commendation		Given for outstanding actions in trying to save someone's life or property. This award is not part of the official order of precedence.

Symbols

Flags

Some squadrons carry the ensign and squadron banner with the Flag of Canada. Flag party escorts might carry deactivated drill rifles.

The Royal Canadian Air Cadets Banner is flown on important ceremonial occasions. It shows that a group of cadets is present. This banner was first presented in 1991. Cadets show respect to the banner in a similar way to how military colours are honored.

The Royal Canadian Air Cadets Ensign was approved in 1941 and changed in 1971 to include the National Flag. This flag is like a Canadian Armed Forces command flag. It is usually flown at the squadron and often carried in a flag party. It is always flown from a pole at air cadet summer training centres.

The squadron banner is like an Air Force Squadron Standard. It identifies a specific unit. The squadron's name and number are sewn onto the banner.

Badge

The badge of the Royal Canadian Air Cadets has a circle with maple leaves around it. Inside is a flying falcon. The falcon's head faces left. A Royal crown sits on top, showing that the King or Queen is the source of the Cadets' authority. Below, a scroll says "Royal Canadian Air Cadets/Cadets de l'aviation royale du Canada."

This badge is worn on the left side of the wedge cap and other formal hats. It is also on the all-weather jacket and the air cadet beret.

Cadet Fitness Program

The Cadet Fitness Assessment and Incentive Program started in 2010. It replaced the old fitness testing. The standards are being updated to be more inclusive.

Fitness Assessment

Component assessed	Testing exercise	Notes
Cardiovascular Endurance	20-m Shuttle Run Test/PACER	Takes about 15 minutes. Needs a PACER CD track and 20 meters of space.
Muscular Strength	Push-ups	Done to a pace of 20 reps per minute. Needs a CD track or other pacing method.
	Curl-ups	Done to a pace of 20 reps per minute. Needs a CD track.
Muscular Flexibility	Back Saver Sit and Reach	Needs a sturdy box and a ruler.
	Shoulder Stretch	No equipment needed.

Incentive Program

As of June 28, 2023, the incentive program is paused for at least one year for updates.

Cadets can reach four incentive levels: bronze, silver, gold, and excellence. How cadets score depends on their age and gender.

	Scoring criteria
20m Shuttle Run Test	Number of laps completed in time with the tones.
Push-ups	Number of push-ups completed to the pace (20 reps/min).
Curl-ups	Number of curl-ups completed to the pace (20 reps/min).
Back Saver Sit and Reach	Distance reached in centimeters.
Shoulder Stretch	Able to complete or not. If the cadet can touch on both sides, the achievement is Excellent. Otherwise, it is Nil.

After all events are scored, cadets get an overall incentive level. This level matches their lowest score, but the 20m shuttle run score is never dropped. Cadets receive a badge for their uniform that shows their overall incentive level.

Famous Former Air Cadets

Name	Notability
Nazanin Afshin-Jam	Miss World Runner-Up 2003, human rights activist, married to former minister of justice Peter MacKay
Barbara Bonfiglio	Electronica disc jockey also known as Misstress Barbara
George Canyon	Country music singer
Maryse Carmichael	first female Snowbird and commanding officer of the Snowbirds
Joe Clark	Prime minister 1979–80
Earl Dawson	Manitoba politician and president of the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association
Mike de Jong	British Columbia politician
Gwynne Dyer	author, journalist, military historian
Garde Gardom	Lieutenant governor of British Columbia 1995–2001
Chris Hadfield	Fighter Pilot of the RCAF, Astronaut
Jeremy Hansen	Astronaut
Ray Hnatyshyn	Governor general 1990–95
Kevin Moon	Member of South Korean boy band The Boyz.
Walter Natynczyk	Chief of the Defence Staff 2008–12 and past Canadian Space Agency President
Fred Penner	Musician and children's entertainer
Steven Point	Lieutenant governor of British Columbia 2007–12
Al Simmons (musician)	Musician and children's entertainer
Brian Tobin	Premier of Newfoundland and Labrador 1996–2000
Julielynn Wong	Physician, scientist and pilot

See also

• History of the Cadet Instructors Cadre
• Canadian Forces
• Air Training Corps (UK)
• Australian Air Force Cadets
• New Zealand Air Training Corps
• Civil Air Patrol