List of weather records facts for kids
This is a list of weather records, a list of the most extreme occurrences of weather phenomena for various categories. Many weather records are measured under specific conditions—such as surface temperature and wind speed—to keep consistency among measurements around the Earth. Each of these records is understood to be the record value officially observed, as these records may have been exceeded before modern weather instrumentation was invented, or in remote areas without an official weather station. This list does not include remotely sensed observations such as satellite measurements, since those values are not considered official records.
Contents
Temperature
Measuring conditions
The standard measuring conditions for temperature are in the air, 1.25 metres (4 ft) to 2.00 metres (7 ft) above the ground, and shielded from direct sunlight intensity (hence the term x degrees "in the shade"). The following lists include all officially confirmed claims measured by those methods.
Temperatures measured directly on the ground may exceed air temperatures by 30 to 50 °C (54 to 90 °F). The highest natural ground surface temperature ever recorded may have been an alleged reading of 93.9 °C (201.0 °F) at Furnace Creek, California, United States, on 15 July 1972. In recent years a ground temperature of 84 °C (183.2 °F) was recorded in Port Sudan, Sudan. The theoretical maximum possible ground surface temperature has been estimated to be between 90 and 100 °C (194 and 212 °F) for dry, darkish soils of low thermal conductivity.
Satellite measurements of ground temperature taken between 2003 and 2009, taken with the MODIS infrared spectroradiometer on the Aqua satellite, found a maximum temperature of 70.7 °C (159.3 °F), which was recorded in 2005 in the Lut Desert, Iran. The Lut Desert was also found to have the highest maximum temperature in five of the seven years measured (2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2009). These measurements reflect averages over a large region and so are lower than the maximum point surface temperature.
Satellite measurements of the surface temperature of Antarctica, taken between 1982 and 2013, found a coldest temperature of −93.2 °C (−135.8 °F) on 10 August 2010, at 81°48′S 59°18′E / 81.8°S 59.3°E. Although this is not comparable to an air temperature, it is believed that the air temperature at this location would have been lower than the official record lowest air temperature of −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F).
Hottest
Highest temperatures ever recorded
Main pages: Highest temperature recorded on Earth and Heat wave
A world map showing areas with Köppen Bh (hot, dry climates). The temperatures in these regions have the potential to exceed 50 °C (122 °F) during the hottest seasons.
According to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the highest temperature ever recorded was 56.7 °C (134.1 °F) on 10 July 1913 in Furnace Creek (Greenland Ranch), California, United States, but the validity of this record is challenged as possible problems with the reading have since been discovered. Christopher C. Burt, a weather historian writing for Weather Underground, believes that the 1913 Death Valley reading is "a myth", and is at least 2.2 or 2.8 °C (4 or 5 °F) too high. Burt proposes that the highest reliably recorded temperature on Earth could still be at Death Valley, but is instead 54.0 °C (129.2 °F) recorded on 30 June 2013. This is lower than a 1931 record of 55 °C (131 °F) recorded in Kebili, Tunisia and is matched by a 1942 record of 54 °C (129 °F) from Tirat Zvi, Israel. 2016 and 2017 readings in Kuwait and Iran have also matched the 2013 Death Valley record, while readings in 2020 and 2021 also at Furnace Creek went even higher, up to 54.4 °C (129.9 °F/130 °F), however, they have not yet been validated by WMO. The WMO has stated they stand by the 1913 record pending any future investigations.
The former highest official temperature on Earth, 57.8 °C (136.0 °F), measured in 'Aziziya, Libya on 13 September 1922, was reassessed in July 2012 by the WMO which published a report that invalidated the record. There have been other unconfirmed reports of high temperatures, but these temperatures have never been officially validated by national weather services/WMO, and are currently considered to have been recorder's errors, thus not being recognised as world records.
By continent
Africa
| Country/Region | Temperature | Town/Location | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
 Algeria |
51.3 °C (124.3 °F) | El Bayadh, El Bayadh Province Ouargla, Ouargla Province |
2 September 1979 5 July 2018 |
 Botswana |
44.0 °C (111.2 °F) | Maun | 7 January 2016 |
 Burkina Faso |
47.2 °C (117.0 °F) | Dori | 1984 |
 Chad |
47.6 °C (117.7 °F) | Faya-Largeau | 22 June 2010 |
 Comoros |
36.0 °C (96.8 °F) | Hahaya International Airport | 15 November 2017 |
 Eswatini (Swaziland) |
47.4 °C (117.3 °F) | Lavumisa | ? |
 Gambia |
49.0 °C (120.2 °F) | Jenoi | 2001 |
 Ghana |
43.8 °C (110.8 °F) | Navrongo | 26 March 2017 |
 Guinea |
45.0 °C (113.0 °F) | Koundara, Boké Region | 29 March 2017 |
 Madagascar |
43.6 °C (110.5 °F) | Ejeda, Atsimo-Andrefana | ? |
 Morocco (then the French protectorate in Morocco) |
51.7 °C (125.1 °F) | Agadir | 19 August 1940 |
 Niger |
49.5 °C (121.1 °F) | Diffa | 7 September 1978 |
 Nigeria |
46.4 °C (115.5 °F) | Yola | 3 April 2010 |
 Réunion |
36.9 °C (98.4 °F) | Le Port | 6 March 2004 |
 South Africa (then the  Union of South Africa) |
50.0 °C (122.0 °F) | Dunbrody, Eastern Cape | 3 November 1918 |
 Sudan |
49.7 °C (121.5 °F) | Dongola | 25 June 2010 |
 Tunisia (then the French protectorate of Tunisia) |
55 °C (131 °F) | Kebili | 7 July 1931 |
 Western Sahara (then the  Spanish Sahara) |
50.7 °C (123.3 °F) | Semara | 13 July 1961 |
 Zambia |
42.4 °C (108.3 °F) | Mfuwe, Eastern Province | 13 October 2010 |
Antarctica
| Country/Region | Temperature | Town/Location | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
 Antarctica (all land/ice south of 60°S) |
19.8 °C (67.6 °F) | Signy Research Station, Signy Island | 30 January 1982 |
| Antarctica (mainland and adjoining islands) |
18.3 °C (64.9 °F) | Esperanza Base, Trinity Peninsula | 6 February 2020 |
| Antarctica (Antarctic Plateau > 2,500 metres (8,202 ft)) |
−7.0 °C (19.4 °F) | Automated Weather Station D-80 (coordinates: 70°6'S, 134°53'W, elevation: 2,500 metres (8,202 ft)) | 28 December 1989 |
 South Pole |
−12.3 °C (9.9 °F) | Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station | 25 December 2011 |
Asia
| Country/Region | Temperature | Town/Location | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
 Afghanistan |
49.9 °C (121.8 °F) | Farah | August 2009 |
 Bangladesh |
45.1 °C (113.2 °F) | Rajshahi | 30 May 1972 |
 Bhutan |
40.0 °C (104.0 °F) | Phuentsholing | 27 August 1997 |
 Cambodia |
42.6 °C (108.7 °F) | Preah Vihear | 15 April 2016 |
 China |
50.5 °C (122.9 °F) | Erbao Township, Turpan, Xinjiang | 10 July 2017 |
 Hong Kong |
39.0 °C (102.2 °F) | Wetland Park | 22 August 2017 |
 Macau |
39.0 °C (102.2 °F) | Coloane | 22 August 2017 |
 India |
51.0 °C (123.8 °F) | Phalodi, Rajasthan | 19 May 2016 |
 Indonesia |
40.6 °C (105.1 °F) | Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan | 16 August 1997 |
 Iran |
54 °C (129 °F) | Ahvaz Airport (OIAW) | 29 June 2017 |
 Iraq |
53.9 °C (129.0 °F) | Basra | 22 July 2016 |
 Israel (then  Mandatory Palestine) |
54 °C (129 °F) | Tirat Zvi | 21 June 1942 |
 Japan |
41.1 °C (106.0 °F) | Kumagaya, Saitama Hamamatsu, Shizuoka |
23 July 2018 17 August 2020 |
 Jordan |
50 °C (122 °F) | Jordan University Agriculture Research Center | 6 September 2002 |
 Kazakhstan |
49.1 °C (120.4 °F) | Turkistan | ? |
 Kuwait |
53.9 °C (129.0 °F) | Mitribah | 21 July 2016 |
 Kyrgyzstan |
44.0 °C (111.2 °F) | ? | ? |
 Laos |
42.3 °C (108.1 °F) | Seno | 12 April 2016 |
 Malaysia |
40.1 °C (104.2 °F) | Chuping | 9 April 1998 |
 Maldives |
34.9 °C (94.8 °F) | Hanimaadhoo | 16 April 2016 |
 Mongolia |
44.0 °C (111.2 °F) | Khongor, Darkhan-Uul Province | 24 July 1999 |
 Myanmar |
47.2 °C (117.0 °F) | Myinmu | 14 May 2010 |
 Nepal |
46.4 °C (115.5 °F) | Ataria | 16 June 1995 |
 Oman |
51.6 °C (124.9 °F) | Joba | 16 June 2021 |
 Pakistan |
53.7 °C (128.7 °F) | Mohenjo-Daro and Turbat | 28 May 2017 26 May 2010 |
 Philippines (first recorded under the  Insular Government) |
42.2 °C (108.0 °F) | Tuguegarao, Cagayan Valley | 12 April 1912 11 May 1969 |
 Qatar |
50.4 °C (122.7 °F) | Doha | 14 July 2010 |
 Russia (Siberia) |
43.2 °C (109.8 °F) | Chita, Zabaykalsky Krai | 5 June 1898 |
 Saudi Arabia |
52.0 °C (125.6 °F) | Jeddah | 22 June 2010 |
 Singapore |
37.0 °C (98.6 °F) | Tengah | 17 April 1983 |
 South Korea |
41.0 °C (105.8 °F) | Hongcheon, Gangwon Province | 1 August 2018 |
 Syria |
49.4 °C (120.9 °F) | ? | ? |
 Taiwan |
40.2 °C (104.4 °F) | Dawu, Taitung County Taitung City |
25 July 2020 9 May 2004 |
 Tajikistan |
48.0 °C (118.4 °F) | Panji Poyon | ? |
 Thailand |
44.6 °C (112.3 °F) | Mae Hong Son | 28 April 2016 |
 Turkey |
49.1 °C (120.4 °F) | Cizre, Şırnak Province | 20 July 2021 |
 Turkmenistan (then the  Turkmen SSR,  Soviet Union) |
50.1 °C (122.2 °F) | Repetek Biosphere State Reserve, Karakum Desert | 28 July 1983 |
 United Arab Emirates |
52.1 °C (125.8 °F) | Al Jazeera Border Gate | July 2002 |
 Vietnam |
43.4 °C (110.1 °F) | Huong Khe District, Ha Tinh Province | 20 April 2019 |
Europe
| Country/Region | Temperature | Town/Location | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
 Armenia |
43.7 °C (110.7 °F) | Meghri Yerevan |
1 August 2011 12 July 2018 |
 Azerbaijan |
46.0 °C (114.8 °F) | Julfa and Ordubad | ? |
 Austria |
40.5 °C (104.9 °F) | Bad Deutsch-Altenburg | 8 August 2013 |
 Belarus |
38.9 °C (102.0 °F) | Gomel | 7 August 2010 |
 Belgium |
41.8 °C (107.2 °F) | Begijnendijk, Flemish Brabant | 25 July 2019 |
 Bosnia and Herzegovina (then  Austria–Hungary-occupied .svg){kind=small} Bosnia Vilayet,  Ottoman Empire) |
46.2 °C (115.2 °F) | Mostar | 31 July 1901 |
 Bulgaria |
45.2 °C (113.4 °F) | Sadovo, Plovdiv Province | 5 August 1916 |
 Croatia (then the  SR Croatia,  SFR Yugoslavia) |
42.8 °C (109.0 °F) | Ploče | 5 August 1981 |
 Cyprus |
46.2 °C (115.2 °F) | Nicosia, Visitor Center Athalassa | 4 September 2020 |
 Czech Republic |
40.4 °C (104.7 °F) | Dobřichovice, Prague-West District | 20 August 2012 |
 Denmark |
36.4 °C (97.5 °F) | Holstebro, Midtjylland | 10 August 1975 |
 Estonia |
35.6 °C (96.1 °F) | Võru | 11 August 1992 |
 Finland |
37.2 °C (99.0 °F) | Joensuu Airport, Liperi | 29 July 2010 |
| France |
46.0 °C (114.8 °F) | Vérargues, Hérault | 28 June 2019 |
 Germany |
41.2 °C (106.2 °F) | Duisburg-Baerl, North Rhine-Westphalia and Tönisvorst, North Rhine-Westphalia | 25 July 2019 |
 Greece |
48.0 °C (118.4 °F) | Athens | 10 July 1977 |
 Hungary |
41.9 °C (107.4 °F) | Kiskunhalas | 20 July 2007 |
 Iceland (then the  Kingdom of Iceland) |
30.5 °C (86.9 °F) | Teigarhorn, Djúpivogur | 22 June 1939 |
 Ireland (then part of the United Kingdom) |
33.3 °C (91.9 °F) | Kilkenny Castle, County Kilkenny | 26 June 1887 |
 Italy |
47.0 °C (116.6 °F) | Foggia, Apulia | 25 June 2007 |
 Latvia |
37.8 °C (100.0 °F) | Ventspils | 4 August 2014 |
 Lithuania |
37.5 °C (99.5 °F) | Zarasai, Utena County | 30 July 1994 |
 Luxembourg |
40.8 °C (105.4 °F) | Steinsel, Luxembourg | 25 July 2019 |
 Malta |
43.8 °C (110.8 °F) | Malta International Airport | 9 August 1999 |
 Moldova |
42.4 °C (108.3 °F) | Fălești | 7 August 2012 |
 Montenegro |
44.8 °C (112.6 °F) | Podgorica Danilovgrad |
16 August 2007 8 August 2012 |
 Netherlands |
40.7 °C (105.3 °F) | Gilze en Rijen | 25 July 2019 |
 North Macedonia |
45.7 °C (114.3 °F) | Demir Kapija, Demir Kapija | 24 July 2007 |
 Norway |
35.6 °C (96.1 °F) | Nesbyen, Viken | 20 June 1970 |
 Poland |
40.2 °C (104.4 °F) | Prószków | 29 July 1921 |
 Portugal |
47.4 °C (117.3 °F) | Amareleja, Beja | 1 August 2003 |
 Romania |
44.5 °C (112.1 °F) | Ion Sion, Brăila County | 10 August 1951 |
| Russia (in Europe) |
45.4 °C (113.7 °F) | Utta, Kalmykia | 12 July 2010 |
 San Marino |
40.3 °C (104.5 °F) | Serravalle | 3 August 2017 9 August 2017 |
 Serbia |
44.9 °C (112.8 °F) | Smederevska Palanka, Podunavlje | 24 July 2007 |
 Slovakia |
40.3 °C (104.5 °F) | Hurbanovo | 20 July 2007 |
 Slovenia |
40.8 °C (105.4 °F) | Cerklje ob Krki | 8 August 2013 |
 Spain |
47.4 °C (117.3 °F) | Montoro, Cordoba (as Montoro Vega Armijo) | 14 August 2021 |
 Sweden |
38.0 °C (100.4 °F) | Ultuna, Uppsala County Målilla, Kalmar County |
9 July 1933 29 June 1947 |
 Switzerland |
41.5 °C (106.7 °F) | Grono, Moesa District | 11 August 2003 |
 Ukraine |
42.0 °C (107.6 °F) | Luhansk | 12 August 2010 |
| United Kingdom |
38.7 °C (101.7 °F) | Cambridge, Cambridgeshire | 25 July 2019 |
 Vatican City |
40.7 °C (105.3 °F) | Vatican City | 2 August 2017 |
North America
| Country/Region | Temperature | Town/Location | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
 Anguilla |
34.2 °C (93.6 °F) | The Valley | 12 September 2015 |
 Antigua and Barbuda |
34.9 °C (94.8 °F) | V. C. Bird International Airport, St. John's | 12 August 1995 |
 British Virgin Islands |
35.0 °C (95.0 °F) | Terrance B. Lettsome International Airport | 22 July 2016 |
 Canada |
49.6 °C (121.3 °F) | Lytton, British Columbia | 29 June 2021 |
 Cayman Islands |
34.9 °C (94.8 °F) | Owen Roberts International Airport, Grand Cayman | 21 August 2016 |
 Cuba |
39.7 °C (103.5 °F) | Veguitas (Granma Province) | 12 April 2020 |
 Dominica |
35.5 °C (95.9 °F) | Canefield Airport | 3 October 2015 |
 Dominican Republic |
43.0 °C (109.4 °F) | Mao | 31 August 1954 |
 Greenland |
30.1 °C (86.2 °F) | Ivittuut | 23 June 1915 |
 Guatemala |
45.0 °C (113.0 °F) | Estanzuela, Zacapa | ? |
| Martinique |
36.5 °C (97.7 °F) | Saint-Pierre | 6 October 2010 |
 Mexico |
52.0 °C (125.6 °F) | Mexicali area | 28 July 1995 |
 Panama |
40.0 °C (104.0 °F) | San Francisco | 20 March 1998 |
 Puerto Rico |
40.0 °C (104.0 °F) | Mona Island | 2 July 1996 |
 United States |
56.7 °C (134 °F) | Furnace Creek, Death Valley, California | 10 July 1913 |
 United States Virgin Islands |
37.2 °C (99 °F) | Saint Thomas Cruz Bay |
4 August 1994 and 23 June 1996 31 July 1988 |
Oceania
| Country/Region | Temperature | Town/Location | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
 Australia |
50.7 °C (123.3 °F) | Oodnadatta, South Australia Onslow, Western Australia |
2 January 1960 13 January 2022 |
 Marshall Islands |
35.6 °C (96.1 °F) | Utirik Atoll | 24 August 2016 |
 New Zealand |
42.4 °C (108.3 °F) | Rangiora, Canterbury | 7 February 1973 |
 Palau |
35.0 °C (95.0 °F) | Koror | 22 March 2018 |
 Samoa |
35.3 °C (95.5 °F) | Asau | 24 December 1968 |
 Solomon Islands |
36.1 °C (97.0 °F) | Honiara, Guadalcanal Province | 1 February 2010 |
 Tonga |
35.5 °C (95.9 °F) | Niuafoou | 1 February 2016 |
 Vanuatu |
36.2 °C (97.2 °F) | Lamap Malekula | 8 February 2016 |
| Wallis and Futuna |
35.8 °C (96.4 °F) | Futuna Airport | 10 January 2016 |
South America
| Country/Region | Temperature | Town/Location | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
 Argentina |
48.9 °C (120.0 °F) | Rivadavia, Salta Province | 11 December 1905 |
 Bolivia |
46.7 °C (116.1 °F) | Villamontes, Tarija Department | 29 October 2010 |
 Brazil |
44.8 °C (112.6 °F) | Nova Maringá, Mato Grosso | 4 November 2020 and 5 November 2020 |
 Chile |
44.9 °C (112.8 °F) | Quillón, Biobio Region | 26 January 2017 |
 Colombia |
45.0 °C (113.0 °F) | Puerto Salgar, Cundinamarca | 29 December 2015 |
| French Guiana |
38.0 °C (100.4 °F) | Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni | 27 September 2016 |
 Paraguay |
45.0 °C (113.0 °F) | Pratts Gill, Boquerón Department | 14 November 2009 |
 Peru |
39.8 °C (103.6 °F) | Chulucanas, Department of Piura
Lancones, Department of Piura |
2013, 2016 |
 Uruguay |
44.0 °C (111.2 °F) | Paysandú, Paysandú Department | 20 January 1943 14 January 2022 |
 Venezuela |
43.6 °C (110.5 °F) | Santa Ana de Coro, Falcón | 29 April 2015 |
Other high-temperature records
- Most consecutive days above 37.8 °C (100 °F): 160 days; Marble Bar, Western Australia from 31 October 1923 to 7 April 1924.
- Most consecutive days above 48.9 °C (120 °F): 43 days; Death Valley, California from 6 July through 17 August 1917.
- Highest natural ground surface temperature: 93.9 °C (201.0 °F), in Death Valley, California, 15 July 1972.
- Highest temperature during rain: 48.3 °C (119.0 °F) in Imperial, California, 24 July 2018
- Highest overnight low temperature: 44.2 °C (111.6 °F) at the Khasab weather station (WMO Index = 41241) in Oman on 17 June 2017.
- Highest minimum temperature for a 24-hour period and for a calendar day: 42.6 °C (108.7 °F) at Qurayyat, Oman on 25 June 2018.
- Highest average monthly temperature: 42.3 °C (108.1 °F), in Death Valley, California, for the month of July 2018.
- Highest temperature north of the Arctic Circle: Under investigation (possibly 38 °C (100 °F) in Verkhoyansk, Russia on 20 June 2020).
Humidity
- Highest dew point temperature: A dew point of 35 °C (95 °F) — while the temperature was 42 °C (108 °F) — was observed at Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, at 3:00 p.m. on 8 July 2003.
- Highest temperature with 100% of relative humidity: A temperature of 34 °C (93 °F) with 100% of relative humidity in Jask, Iran, on 21 July 2012.
Coldest
Lowest temperatures recorded
Main pages: Lowest temperature recorded on Earth and Cold wave
By continent
Africa
| Country/Region | Temperature | Town/Location | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Algeria |
−13.8 °C (7.2 °F) | Mécheria | 28 January 2005 |
| Burkina Faso |
5.0 °C (41.0 °F) | Markoye | January 1975 |
| Botswana |
−15.0 °C (5.0 °F) | Tsabong | ? |
| Eswatini (Swaziland) |
−6.7 °C (19.9 °F) | Big Bend | ? |
| Gambia |
4.0 °C (39.2 °F) | Jenoi | 2003 |
| Ghana |
11.0 °C (51.8 °F) | Kumasi, Tafo | ? |
| Guinea |
2.5 °C (36.5 °F) | Bareing | 2 January 1982 |
 Lesotho |
−21.0 °C (−5.8 °F) | ? | |
| Madagascar |
−1.0 °C (30.2 °F) | Antsirabe, Vakinankaratra | ? |
| Morocco (then the French protectorate in Morocco) |
−23.9 °C (−11.0 °F) | Ifrane | 11 February 1935 |
| Niger |
−2.4 °C (27.7 °F) | Bilma | 13 January 1995 |
| Réunion |
−5.0 °C (23.0 °F) | Gite de Bellecome | 10 September 1975 |
| South Africa |
−20.1 °C (−4.2 °F) | Buffelsfontein, near Molteno, Eastern Cape | 23 August 2013 |
| Sudan |
−1.0 °C (30.2 °F) | Zalingei | December 1961 January 1962 |
Antarctica
| Country/Region | Temperature | Town/Location | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Antarctica |
−89.2 °C (−128.6 °F) | Vostok Station | 21 July 1983 |
| South Pole | −82.8 °C (−117.0 °F) | Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station | 23 June 1982 |
Asia
| Country/Region | Temperature | Town/Location | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan |
−52.2 °C (−62.0 °F) | Shahrak | January 1964 |
Armenia (then the  Armenian SSR, Soviet Union) |
−42.0 °C (−43.6 °F) | Paghakn and Ashocq | 1961 |
| Azerbaijan |
−33.0 °C (−27.4 °F) | Julfa and Ordubad | ? |
| Bangladesh (then the Bengal Presidency of British India) |
1.1 °C (34.0 °F) | Dinajpur | 3 February 1905 |
| China |
−58.0 °C (−72.4 °F) | Genhe, Inner Mongolia | 31 December 2009 |
 Cambodia |
7.0 °C (44.6 °F) | Mondulkiri, Ratanakiri and Preah Vihear | 29 January 2007 |
| Hong Kong |
−6.0 °C (21.2 °F) | Tai Mo Shan | 24 January 2016 |
| India |
−48.0 °C (−54.4 °F) | Dras, Ladakh | 9 January 1995 |
| Indonesia |
−9.0 °C (15.8 °F) | Dieng Plateau | 24 June 2019 |
| Iran |
−36.0 °C (−32.8 °F) | Saqqez | 1972 |
| Israel |
−14.2 °C (6.4 °F) | Merom Golan | 10 January 2015 |
| Japan |
−41.0 °C (−41.8 °F) | Asahikawa, Hokkaidō | 25 January 1902 |
| Jordan |
−16.0 °C (3.2 °F) | Shoubak | 15 December 2013 |
| Kazakhstan |
−57.0 °C (−70.6 °F) | Atbasar | ? |
| Kuwait |
−4.8 °C (23.4 °F) | Salmy | 3 January 2009 |
| Kyrgyzstan |
−53.6 °C (−64.5 °F) | Fergana Valley | ? |
| Malaysia |
7.8 °C (46.0 °F) | Cameron Highlands | 1 February 1978 |
| Maldives |
17.2 °C (63.0 °F) | Hulhulé Island, located at Ibrahim Nasir International Airport | 11 April 1978 |
| Mongolia |
−55.3 °C (−67.5 °F) | Züüngovi, Uvs Province | 31 December 1976 |
 Myanmar |
−6.0 °C (21.2 °F) | Hakha | 30 December 1990 |
| Nepal |
−45 °C (−49 °F) | Sagarmatha | ? |
 North Korea (then Japanese Korea) |
−43.6 °C (−46.5 °F) | Chunggangjin | 12 January 1933 |
| Pakistan |
−24 °C (−11 °F) | Skardu | 7 January 1995 |
| Philippines |
6.3 °C (43.3 °F) | Baguio | 18 January 1961 |
| Qatar |
1.5 °C (34.7 °F) | Abu Samra | 5 February 2017 |
Russia (Siberia) (first in the Russian Empire, then in the  Russian SFSR,  Soviet Union) |
−67.8 °C (−90.0 °F) | Verkhoyansk and Oymyakon, both in Sakha Republic |
7 February 1892 6 February 1933 |
| Saudi Arabia |
−12.0 °C (10.4 °F) | Turaif | ? |
| Singapore |
19.0 °C (66.2 °F) | Paya Lebar | 14 February 1989 |
| South Korea |
−32.6 °C (−26.7 °F) | Yangpyeong | 5 January 1981 |
| Syria |
−23.0 °C (−9.4 °F) | Idlib | January 1951 |
| Taiwan |
−18.4 °C (−1.1 °F) | Yushan | 31 January 1970 |
| Thailand |
−1.4 °C (29.5 °F) | Sakon Nakhon | 2 January 1974 |
| Turkey |
−46.4 °C (−51.5 °F) | Çaldıran, Van Province | 9 January 1990 |
| Turkmenistan |
−36.0 °C (−32.8 °F) | Daşoguz Region | ? |
| United Arab Emirates |
−5.4 °C (22.3 °F) | Jebel Jais | 3 February 2017 |
| Vietnam (then DR Vietnam) |
−6.1 °C (21.0 °F) | Sa Pa | 4 January 1974 |
Europe
| Country/Region | Temperature | Town/Location | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
 Albania |
−25.8 °C (−14.4 °F) | ? | ? |
| Austria |
−52.6 °C (−62.7 °F) | Grünloch doline | 19 February 1932 |
Belarus (then the  Byelorussian SSR,  Soviet Union) |
−42.2 °C (−44.0 °F) | Slavnom, Vitsebsk Voblast | 17 January 1940 |
| Belgium |
−30.1 °C (−22.2 °F) | Valley of the Lesse in Rochefort | 20 January 1940 |
Bosnia and Herzegovina (then the  SR Bosnia and Herzegovina, SFR Yugoslavia) |
−42.5 °C (−44.5 °F) | Igman in Sarajevo Canton | 24 January 1963 |
| Bulgaria |
−38.3 °C (−36.9 °F) | Tran | 25 January 1947 |
| Croatia |
−34.6 °C (−30.3 °F) | Gračac | 13 January 2003 |
| Cyprus |
−12.8 °C (9.0 °F) | Trikoukia, Prodromos | 30 January 1964 |
| Czech Republic (then part of Czechoslovakia) |
−42.2 °C (−44.0 °F) | Litvínovice | 11 February 1929 |
| Denmark |
−31.2 °C (−24.2 °F) | Thisted Municipality, North Denmark Region | 8 January 1982 |
| Estonia |
−43.5 °C (−46.3 °F) | Jõgeva, Jõgeva County | 17 January 1940 |
| Finland |
−51.5 °C (−60.7 °F) | Pokka, Kittilä, Lapland | 28 January 1999 |
| France |
−41.0 °C (−41.8 °F) | Mouthe, Doubs | 17 January 1985 |
| Germany |
−45.9 °C (−50.6 °F) | Funtensee, Berchtesgadener Land, Bavaria | 24 December 2001 |
| Greece |
−27.8 °C (−18.0 °F) | Ptolemaida | 27 January 1963 |
| Hungary |
−35.0 °C (−31.0 °F) | Görömbölytapolca | 16 February 1940 |
| Iceland (then Danish Iceland) |
−37.9 °C (−36.2 °F) | Grímsstaðir | 21 January 1918 |
| Ireland (then part of the United Kingdom) |
−19.1 °C (−2.4 °F) | Markree Castle, County Sligo | 16 January 1881 |
| Italy |
−49.6 °C (−57.3 °F) | Busa Fradusta, Pale di San Martino | 10 February 2013 |
| Latvia |
−43.2 °C (−45.8 °F) | Daugavpils | 8 February 1956 |
| Lithuania |
−42.9 °C (−45.2 °F) | Utena, Utena County | 1 February 1956 |
| Malta |
1.4 °C (34.5 °F) | Malta International Airport | 29 January 1981 |
| Moldova |
−35.5 °C (−31.9 °F) | Brătușeni, Edineț District | 20 January 1963 |
| Montenegro |
−33.4 °C (−28.1 °F) | Kosanica, Montenegro | 25 January 2022 |
| Netherlands (then Nazi-occupied Netherlands) |
−27.4 °C (−17.3 °F) | Winterswijk | 27 January 1942 |
North Macedonia (then the  SR Macedonia, SFR Yugoslavia) |
−31.5 °C (−24.7 °F) | Berovo, Berovo Municipality | 27 January 1954 |
Norway (then part of  Sweden–Norway) |
−51.4 °C (−60.5 °F) | Karasjok, Finnmark | 1 January 1886 |
Poland (then  Soviet-occupied Poland) |
−41.0 °C (−41.8 °F) | Siedlce, Masovian Voivodeship | 11 January 1940 |
| Portugal |
−16.0 °C (3.2 °F) | Penhas da Saúde, Covilhã Municipality Miranda do Douro |
16 January 1945 and 5 February 1954 |
| Romania |
−38.5 °C (−37.3 °F) | Bod, Brașov County | 25 January 1942 |
 European Russia (then the  Russian SFSR, Soviet Union) |
−58.1 °C (−72.6 °F) | Ust' Shchugor, Komi Republic | 31 December 1978 |
| Serbia |
−39.8 °C (−39.6 °F) | Karajukica Bunari, Zlatibor District | 26 January 2006 |
| Slovakia (then Czechoslovakia) |
−41.0 °C (−41.8 °F) | Vígľaš-Pstruša | 11 February 1929 |
Slovenia (then  SR Slovenia, SFR Yugoslavia) |
−34.5 °C (−30.1 °F) | Babno Polje | 15 February 1956 16 February 1956 13 January 1968 |
| Spain |
−32 °C (−26 °F) | Estany Gento (Province of Lleida) | 2 February 1956 |
| Sweden |
−52.6 °C (−62.7 °F) | Vuoggatjålme, Lappland | 2 February 1966 |
| Switzerland |
−41.8 °C (−43.2 °F) | La Brévine | 12 January 1987 |
Ukraine (then the  Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic, Soviet Union) |
−41.9 °C (−43.4 °F) | Luhansk | 8 January 1935 |
| United Kingdom |
−27.2 °C (−17.0 °F) | Braemar, Aberdeenshire Altnaharra, Sutherland |
11 February 1895 10 January 1982 30 December 1995 |
North America
| Country/Region | Temperature | Town/Location | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Antigua and Barbuda |
16.1 °C (61.0 °F) | V. C. Bird International Airport, Antigua | 31 December 1974 and 28 January 1976 |
| Canada |
−63.0 °C (−81.4 °F) | Snag, Yukon | 3 February 1947 |
| Cayman Islands |
11.1 °C (52.0 °F) | Owen Roberts International Airport, Grand Cayman | ? |
| Cuba |
0.6 °C (33.1 °F) | Bainoa, Mayabeque Province | 18 February 1996 |
| Dominican Republic |
−7.0 °C (19.4 °F) | Valle Nuevo, La Vega Province | 17 January 1983 |
| Greenland |
−69.6 °C (−93.3 °F) | Klinck Automated Weather Station, Greenland Ice Sheet | 22 December 1991 |
| Guatemala |
−11.5 °C (11.3 °F) | Olintepeque, Quetzaltenango Department | ? |
| Martinique |
14.1 °C (57.4 °F) | Le Lamentin | 25 December 1964 |
| Mexico |
−25.1 °C (−13.2 °F) | Madero, Chihuahua | 27 December 1997 |
| Panama |
2.0 °C (35.6 °F) | Bajo Grande, Chiriquí Province | 20 February 1995 |
| Puerto Rico |
4.4 °C (40 °F) | Aibonito San Sebastian |
9 March 1911 24 January 1966 |
| US Virgin Islands |
10.6 °C (51 °F) | Anna's Hope, Saint Croix | 31 January 1954 |
| United States (  Alaska) |
−62.2 °C (−80 °F) | Prospect Creek, Alaska | 23 January 1971 |
| United States (contiguous) |
−56.7 °C (−70 °F) | Rogers Pass, Montana | 20 January 1954 |
South America
| Country/Region | Temperature | Town/Location | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Argentina |
−32.8 °C (−27.0 °F) | Sarmiento, Chubut Province | 1 June 1907 |
| Brazil |
−14.0 °C (6.8 °F) | Caçador, Santa Catarina | 11 June 1952 |
| Colombia |
−11.0 °C (12.2 °F) | Páramo de Berlín, Tona, Santander | 11 December 1974 |
 Curaçao |
18.9 °C (66.0 °F) | Willemstad | 12 December 2017 |
| French Guiana |
16.9 °C (62.4 °F) | Maripasoula | 23 January 1964 |
| Paraguay |
−7.5 °C (18.5 °F) | Pratts Gill, Boquerón Department | 13 July 2000 |
| Peru |
−25.2 °C (−13.4 °F) | Mazo Cruz, Puno Region | 30 June 1966 |
| Uruguay |
−11.0 °C (12.2 °F) | Melo, Cerro Largo Department | 14 June 1967 |
Oceania
| Country/Region | Temperature | Town/Location | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Australia |
−23.0 °C (−9.4 °F) | Charlotte Pass, New South Wales | 29 June 1994 |
| United States (  Hawaii) |
−11.1 °C (12.0 °F) | Mauna Kea, Hawaii | 17 May 1979 |
| New Zealand |
−25.6 °C (−14.1 °F) | Ranfurly, Central Otago | 18 July 1903 |
| Samoa |
11.1 °C (52.0 °F) | Afiamalu | 29 September 1971 |
| Solomon Islands |
17.0 °C (62.6 °F) | Rennell Tingoa |
Early June 2016 30 June 2016 |
Other low-temperature records
- Coldest summer (month of July in the Northern Hemisphere): −33 °C (−27.4 °F); Summit Camp, Greenland on 4 July 2017.
- Lowest temperature in the Northern Hemisphere: −69.6 °C (−93.3 °F); Greenland Ice Sheet, Greenland on 22 December 1991.
Record extreme temperature differences
- Greatest 2-minute temperature increase: 27 °C (49 °F), from −20 °C (−4 °F) to 7 °C (45 °F); Spearfish, South Dakota, on 22 January 1943.
- Greatest 24-hour temperature increase: +57 °C (+102.6 °F), from −48 °C (−54 °F) to 9 °C (48 °F); Loma, Montana, on 15 January 1972.
- Fastest temperature drop: 27.2 °C (49 °F) in 5 minutes; Rapid City, South Dakota, 10 January 1911.
- Largest temperature range ever in 1 area: 105.8 °C (190.4 °F), from −67.8 °C (−90.0 °F) on 15 January 1885, 5,7 February 1892 to 38.0 °C (100.4 °F) on 20 June 2020; Verhoyansk, Sakha Republic, Russia
Precipitation
- Least per year (locale): 0.2 millimetres (0.008 in) per year or less, Quillagua, Antofagasta Region, Chile.
Rain
- Most in 60 seconds (1 minute): 38 mm (1.5 in). Barot, Sainte-Anne, Grande-Terre, Guadeloupe, France 11:03–11:04 am on 26 November 1970.
- Most in 180 seconds (3 minutes): 62 mm (2.4 in). Portobelo, Colón, Panama, 29 November 1911
- Most in 300 seconds (5 minutes): 106 mm (4.2 in). Oklahoma, United States, 29 November 1911
- Most in 60 minutes (1 hour): 305 mm (12.0 in). Holt, Missouri, United States, 22 June 1947.
- Most in 12 hours (½-day): 1,144 mm (45.0 in); Cilaos, Réunion, 8 January 1966, during Tropical Cyclone Denise.
- Most in 24 hours (1 day): 1,825 mm (71.9 in); Cilaos, Réunion, 7–8 January 1966, during Tropical Cyclone Denise.
- Most in 48 hours (2 days): 2,493 mm (98.1 in); Cherrapunji, Meghalaya, India, 15–16 June 1995.
- Most in 72 hours (3 days): 3,929 mm (154.7 in); Commerson, Réunion, 24–26 February 2007, during Cyclone Gamede.
- Most in 96 hours (4 days): 4,869 mm (191.7 in); Commerson, Réunion, 24–27 February 2007, during Cyclone Gamede.
- Most in one year: 26,470 mm (1,042 in); Cherrapunji, Meghalaya, India, 1860–1861.
- Most from a single tropical storm: 6,433 mm (253.3 in); Commerson, Réunion, during Cyclone Hyacinthe in January 1980.
- Highest average annual total (observed over 10 years): 11,872 mm (467.4 in) (over 38 years) and 12,701 mm (500.0 in) (1998–2010); Mawsynram, Meghalaya, India or 13,466 mm (530.2 in) (1980–2011); López de Micay, Cauca, Colombia.
- Most consecutive days with measurable rain a day with at least 0.01 inches (0.25 mm) of rainfall: 331 days in Oahu, Hawaii, 1939-1940
Snow
- Most in a 24-hour period: 230 centimetres (90.6 in) of snow on Mount Ibuki, Japan on 14 February 1927.
- Most in one calendar month: 9.91 meters (390 inches) of snow fell in Tamarack, California in January 1911, leading to a snow depth in March of 11.46 meters (451 inches) (greatest measured in North America).
- Most in one season (1 July – 30 June): 29.0 meters, (95 ft); Mount Baker, Washington, United States, 1998 through 1999.
- Most in one-year period: 31.5 meters (102 ft); Mount Rainier, Washington, United States, 19 February 1971 to 18 February 1972.
- Deepest snowfall recorded: 11.82 meters (38.8 ft) on Mount Ibuki, Japan on 14 February 1927.
- Lowest latitude that snow has been recorded at sea level in North America: Snow fell as far south as the city of Tampico, Mexico in February 1895 during the Great Freeze.
Wind speeds
- Fastest ever recorded: 484±32 km/h (301±20 mph) (3-second gust); observed by a DOW (Doppler On Wheels) radar unit in the 1999 Bridge Creek – Moore tornado between Oklahoma City and Moore, Oklahoma, USA, 3 May 1999.
- Fastest non-tornadic winds: 408 km/h (254 mph) (3-second gust); recorded by anemometer in Severe Tropical Cyclone Olivia passing over Barrow Island, Western Australia, 10 April 1996.
- Fastest non-cyclonic winds: 372 km/h (231 mph) (1-minute average); recorded by anemometer on Mount Washington, New Hampshire, USA, 12 April 1934.
- Fastest daily average: 174 km/h (108 mph); Port Martin (Adélie Land), Antarctica, 24-hour period from 21 March 1951 to 22 March 1951.
Tornadoes
Main page: Tornado records
The Tri-State Tornado holds many records, including the longest known tornado track, fastest speed for a significant tornado, and the deadliest tornado outside of Bangladesh.
Deadliest in history
- On Earth: Approximately 1,300 deaths (Daulatpur–Saturia tornado); Manikganj District, Bangladesh on 26 April 1989.
- In North America: 695 deaths (Tri-State Tornado); Missouri, Illinois, Indiana, United States, 18 March 1925.
- In Europe: 600 or more (Grand Harbour Tornado); Valletta, Malta, 23 September 1551 or 1556 (sources conflict).
- In South America: 63 deaths, San Justo, Santa Fe, Argentina, 10 January 1973.
- In Australia: Three deaths, Kin Kin, Queensland tornado, 14 August 1971.
Outbreaks
- Largest and most severe: The 2011 Super Outbreak: 207 confirmed tornadoes occurred in a span of 24 hours, with a total of 337 occurring throughout the duration of the outbreak. They affected six US states, and included 11 rated EF4 and 4 rated EF5.
Tropical cyclones
Main page: List of tropical cyclone records
Most intense (by minimum surface air pressure)
- Most intense ever recorded: 870 hPa (25.69 inHg); eye of Super Typhoon Tip over the northwest Pacific Ocean, 12 October 1979.
- Most intense in the Western Hemisphere: 872 hPa (25.75 inHg); eye of Hurricane Patricia over the eastern Pacific Ocean, 23 October 2015.
- Most intense ever recorded on land: 892 hPa (26.35 inHg); Craig Key, Florida, United States, eye of the Labor Day Hurricane, 2 September 1935. While other landfalling tropical cyclones potentially had lower pressures, data is vague from areas other than the Atlantic basin, especially before the invention of weather satellites.
- Most intense landfall (estimated): 884 hPa (26.10 inHg); Rakiraki District, Viti Levu, Fiji, during Cyclone Winston, 20 February 2016. Although no official land pressure readings were recorded at the landfall site, it is estimated the Winston made landfall with the aforementioned pressure.
Most precipitation
Main page: List of wettest tropical cyclones
- Most precipitation from a single tropical storm: 6,433 mm (253.3 in); Commerson, Réunion, during Cyclone Hyacinthe in January 1980.
Other severe weather
A picture of the Aurora, Nebraska hailstone, measured at 47.6 cm (18.75 in) in circumference
Hail
Main page: List of costly or deadly hailstorms
- Heaviest officially recorded: 1.02 kg (2.25 lb); Gopalganj District, Bangladesh, 14 April 1986.
- Largest diameter officially measured: 20 cm (8.0 in) diameter, 47.3 cm (18.625 in) circumference; Vivian, South Dakota, 23 July 2010.
- Largest circumference officially measured: 47.6 cm (18.75 in) circumference, 17.8 cm (7.0 in) diameter; Aurora, Nebraska, 22 June 2003.
Lightning
- Longest lightning bolt: 768 km (477 mi) on 29 April 2020 in the southern United States.
- Longest duration for a single lightning flash: 17.1 seconds on 18 June 2020 in Uruguay and northern Argentina.
Ultraviolet index
- Highest ultraviolet index measured: On 29 December 2003, a UV index of 43.3 was detected at Chile/Bolivia's Licancabur volcano, at 19,423 feet (5,920 m) altitude. A light-skinned individual in such conditions may experience moderate sunburn in as little as 4 minutes.
Other categories
- Highest air pressure ever recorded [above 750 meters (2,461 feet)]: 1,084.8 hPa (32.03 inHg); Tosontsengel, Zavkhan, 19 December 2001. This is the equivalent sea-level pressure; Tosontsengel is located at 1,300 metres (4,300 ft) above sea level. The highest adjusted-to-sea-level barometric pressure ever recorded (below 750 meters) was at Agata, Evenhiyskiy, Russia (66°53'N, 93°28'E, elevation: 261 m (856.3 ft)) on 31 December 1968 of 1,083.3 hectopascals (hPa) (31.99 inHg). The discrimination is due to the problematic assumptions (assuming a standard lapse rate) associated with reduction of sea level from high elevations.
See also
In Spanish: Anexo:Récords meteorológicos mundiales para niños
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List of weather records Facts for Kids. Kiddle Encyclopedia.