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Orange Bowl
Capital One Orange Bowl
Orange Bowl logo.svg
Stadium Hard Rock Stadium
Location Miami Gardens, Florida (December 1996–1998, 2000–present)
Previous stadiums Miami Field (1935–1937)
Miami Orange Bowl (1938–January 1996, 1999)
Previous locations Miami, Florida (1935–January 1996, 1999)
Operated 1935–present
Conference tie-ins ACC (1999–present)
SEC/Big Ten/Notre Dame (December 2014–present)
Previous conference tie-ins Big Eight (1954–1996)
Big East (1999–2006)
Payout US$35 million/conference (As of 2009)
Sponsors
Federal Express/FedEx (1989–2010)
Discover Financial (2011–January 2014)
Capital One (December 2014–present)
Former names
Orange Bowl (1935–1988)
Federal Express/FedEx Orange Bowl (1989–2010)
Discover Orange Bowl (2011–January 2014)
2022 matchup
Clemson vs Tennessee (Tennessee 31–14)
2023 matchup
Florida State vs. Georgia (Georgia 63–3)

The Orange Bowl is a big college football game played every year. It takes place in the Miami metropolitan area in Florida. The first game was on January 1, 1935. It is one of the oldest bowl games in the United States. Only the Rose Bowl started earlier, in 1902.

The Orange Bowl began at Miami Field. In 1938, it moved to the Miami Orange Bowl stadium. Since 1996, the game has been held at Hard Rock Stadium in Miami Gardens. This stadium is also home to the University of Miami and the Miami Dolphins NFL team.

Since December 2014, Capital One has been the main sponsor. The game is now officially called the Capital One Orange Bowl. Before that, Discover Financial and Federal Express/FedEx were sponsors.

In its early years, the Orange Bowl didn't have specific team rules. It often matched a team from the Southeast against one from the central or northeastern U.S. From the 1950s to the mid-1990s, the game often featured the champion of the Big Eight Conference.

Since 2007, the Orange Bowl has usually hosted the champion of the ACC. If the ACC champion plays in the national championship, another top ACC team takes its place. This is why it's known as the Home of the ACC Champion.

In the 1990s, the Orange Bowl was part of systems like the Bowl Coalition and Bowl Alliance. From 1998 to 2013, it was part of the Bowl Championship Series (BCS). The Orange Bowl even hosted the BCS National Championship Game in 2001 and 2005.

After 2006, the BCS National Championship Game became a separate event. The Orange Bowl Committee hosted both the Orange Bowl and the National Championship in 2009 and 2013. The BCS system ended in 2013. Now, the Orange Bowl is one of the New Year's Six games in the College Football Playoff (CFP). It hosted a national semifinal game in 2015, 2018, and 2021. It will host another one in 2024.

History of the Orange Bowl

How it Started

In 1890, Pasadena, California, started its Tournament of Roses Parade. They wanted to show off their nice weather during winter. An organizer said, "In New York, people are buried in snow. Here, our flowers are blooming." In 1902, they added a football game to the festival.

In 1926, leaders in Miami, Florida, decided to do something similar. They planned a "Fiesta of the American Tropics" with a New Year's Day football game. This "Fiesta" didn't happen again, but Miami leaders, like Earnest E. Seiler, later tried again. They created the "Palm Festival" with the slogan "Have a Green Christmas in Miami."

The Palm Festival Game

In 1932, George E. Hussey organized the first Festival of Palms Bowl. This was a very early version of the Orange Bowl. Miami was struggling during the Great Depression. Hussey wanted to help the city's economy with a game like the Rose Bowl.

Two games were played at Moore Park in Miami. A local team, the University of Miami, played against an invited opponent.

  • On January 2, 1933, Miami beat Manhattan College 7–0.
  • On January 1, 1934, Duquesne beat Miami 33–7.

The NCAA does not officially recognize these games as "bowl games." This is because one team (University of Miami) was always guaranteed to play. But these games were successful. So, supporters organized another game for New Year's Day 1935, calling it the Orange Bowl. This new game did not guarantee a spot for one team. Because of this, the 1935 Orange Bowl is recognized as an official bowl game.

Modern Orange Bowl Games

John F. Kennedy at the Orange Bowl (1963)
President John F. Kennedy (bottom center) at the 1963 Orange Bowl, January 1, 1963.
Reagan with Miami Hurricanes football team 1988
Jimmy Johnson and the 1987 Miami Hurricanes football team won the 1988 Orange Bowl. They later visited President Ronald Reagan at The White House.
2008 Orange Bowl Trophy
The Orange Bowl trophy in 2008.

The Orange Bowl was played at Miami Field from 1935 to 1937. This is where the Miami Orange Bowl stadium was later built. It moved to the Miami Orange Bowl from 1938 to 1996. It also returned there in 1999.

The game moved to its current home, Hard Rock Stadium in Miami Gardens, Florida, in December 1996. The 1999 game was played back at the old Miami Orange Bowl stadium. This happened because the Miami Dolphins had an NFL playoff game at the new stadium on the same day.

On January 1, 1965, the Texas vs. Alabama Orange Bowl was special. It was the first college bowl game ever shown live on TV during prime time.

From 1954, the game usually featured the champion of the old Big Eight Conference. When the Big Eight joined with other teams to form the Big 12 Conference in 1996, their champion started playing in the Fiesta Bowl.

From 1998 to 2013, the Orange Bowl was part of the Bowl Championship Series (BCS). Teams were chosen based on the BCS system. From 2006 to 2013, the Orange Bowl also hosted the BCS National Championship Game in some years.

Since the 2006 season, the Orange Bowl has been strongly linked with the ACC. It is known as the Home of the ACC Champion. This connection continued when the College Football Playoff started after the 2014 season. The Orange Bowl hosts the ACC champion when it's not a national semifinal game.

King Orange Jamboree Parade

Helen Grossman Crowned Orange Bowl Queen 1966
Helen Grossman was crowned Orange Bowl Queen in 1966.

From 1936 to 2001, the Orange Bowl Committee also held a parade. This parade was called the King Orange Jamboree Parade. The first parade was held the day before the 1936 game. It had 30 floats and cost $40,000.

An Orange Bowl Queen and her court of Princesses were chosen. These were young women who lived in Florida. A special ball was held in December before the game. The queen and princesses would ride on a float in the parade on New Year's Day. They also helped with the half-time show at the game. Babs Beckwith was the first Orange Bowl queen. Famous past queens include Victoria Principal.

In its best years, the parade was a New Year's Eve tradition. It was shown on national TV. Lighted floats went down Biscayne Boulevard in downtown Miami. Crowds of up to 500,000 people watched in the 1970s.

However, TV ratings dropped, and the national TV contract ended in 1997. The parade became much smaller because there were no sponsors for the fancy floats. Fewer people came to watch. By 2000, only about 20,000 people attended. Because of this, the committee decided to stop the parade in early 2002.

Conference Teams and the Orange Bowl

The Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) has a 12-year agreement with the Orange Bowl. This deal lasts from 2014 to 2025. If the ACC champion team plays in the College Football Playoff, the next highest-ranked ACC team will play in the Orange Bowl.

For other teams, the Southeastern Conference (SEC) and the Big Ten Conference are guaranteed to play three times each. The University of Notre Dame can play up to two games, but it's not guaranteed. The ACC team's opponent will be the highest-ranked team from the SEC, Big Ten, or Notre Dame. However, there are some rules. The champions of the SEC and Big Ten are usually not included. Also, if an SEC or Big Ten team goes to the College Football Playoff, the next available team might also be excluded. This is due to agreements with the Sugar Bowl and Rose Bowl.

If the highest-ranked team would cause a rematch with the ACC team, the Orange Bowl can choose the next highest-ranked team. All rankings are based on the College Football Playoff committee's rankings. ESPN also has the TV rights for 12 years.

Game Results

The table below shows the results of all Orange Bowl games. Team rankings are from the College Football Playoff (CFP) rankings for semifinal games. For other games, rankings are from the AP Poll before the game.

Date played Winning team Losing team Venue Attendance Notes
January 1, 1935 Bucknell 26 Miami (Florida) 0 Miami Field  5,134 notes
January 1, 1936 Catholic 20 Ole Miss 19  6,568 notes
January 1, 1937 #14 Duquesne 13 Mississippi State 12  9,210 notes
January 1, 1938 Auburn 6 Michigan State 0 Miami Orange Bowl 18,972 notes
January 2, 1939 #2 Tennessee 17 #4 Oklahoma 0 32,191 notes
January 1, 1940 #16 Georgia Tech 21 #6 Missouri 7 29,278 notes
January 1, 1941 #9 Mississippi State 14 #13 Georgetown 7 29,554 notes
January 1, 1942 #14 Georgia 40 TCU 26 35,786 notes
January 1, 1943 #10 Alabama 37 #8 Boston College 21 25,166 notes
January 1, 1944 LSU 19 Texas A&M 14 25,203 notes
January 1, 1945 Tulsa 26 #13 Georgia Tech 12 23,279 notes
January 1, 1946 Miami (Florida) 13 #16 Holy Cross 6 35,709 notes
January 1, 1947 #10 Rice 8 #7 Tennessee 0 36,152 notes
January 1, 1948 #10 Georgia Tech 20 #12 Kansas 14 59,578 notes
January 1, 1949 Texas 41 #8 Georgia 28 60,523 notes
January 2, 1950 #15 Santa Clara 21 #11 Kentucky 13 64,816 notes
January 1, 1951 #10 Clemson 15 #15 Miami (Florida) 14 65,181 notes
January 1, 1952 #6 Georgia Tech 17 #9 Baylor 14 65,839 notes
January 1, 1953 #9 Alabama 61 #14 Syracuse 6 66,280 notes
January 1, 1954 #4 Oklahoma 7 #1 Maryland 0 68,640 notes
January 1, 1955 #14 Duke 34 Nebraska 7 68,750 notes
January 2, 1956 #1 Oklahoma 20 #3 Maryland 6 76,561 notes
January 1, 1957 #20 Colorado 27 #19 Clemson 21 72,552 notes
January 1, 1958 #4 Oklahoma 48 #16 Duke 21 76,318 notes
January 1, 1959 #5 Oklahoma 21 #9 Syracuse 6 75,281 notes
January 1, 1960 #5 Georgia 14 #18 Missouri 0 75,280 notes
January 2, 1961 #5 Missouri 21 #4 Navy 14 72,212 notes
January 1, 1962 #4 LSU 25 #7 Colorado 7 62,391 notes
January 1, 1963 #5 Alabama 17 #8 Oklahoma 0 72,880 notes
January 1, 1964 #6 Nebraska 13 #5 Auburn 7 72,647 notes
January 1, 1965 #5 Texas 21 #1 Alabama 17 72,647 notes
January 1, 1966 #4 Alabama 39 #3 Nebraska 28 72,214 notes
January 2, 1967 Florida 27 #8 Georgia Tech 12 72,426 notes
January 1, 1968 #3 Oklahoma 26 #2 Tennessee 24 77,993 notes
January 1, 1969 #3 Penn State 15 #6 Kansas 14 77,719 notes
January 1, 1970 #2 Penn State 10 #6 Missouri 3 77,282 notes
January 1, 1971 #3 Nebraska 17 #5 LSU 12 80,699 notes
January 1, 1972 #1 Nebraska 38 #2 Alabama 6 78,151 notes
January 1, 1973 #9 Nebraska 40 #12 Notre Dame 6 80,010 notes
January 1, 1974 #6 Penn State 16 #13 LSU 9 60,477 notes
January 1, 1975 #9 Notre Dame 13 #2 Alabama 11 71,801 notes
January 1, 1976 #3 Oklahoma 14 #5 Michigan 6 76,799 notes
January 1, 1977 #11 Ohio State 27 #12 Colorado 10 65,537 notes
January 2, 1978 #6 Arkansas 31 #2 Oklahoma 6 60,987 notes
January 1, 1979 #4 Oklahoma 31 #6 Nebraska 24 66,365 notes
January 1, 1980 #5 Oklahoma 24 #4 Florida State 7 66,714 notes
January 1, 1981 #4 Oklahoma 18 #2 Florida State 17 71,043 notes
January 1, 1982 #1 Clemson 22 #4 Nebraska 15 72,748 notes
January 1, 1983 #3 Nebraska 21 #13 LSU 20 68,713 notes
January 2, 1984 #5 Miami (Florida) 31 #1 Nebraska 30 72,549 notes
January 1, 1985 #4 Washington 28 #2 Oklahoma 17 56,294 notes
January 1, 1986 #3 Oklahoma 25 #1 Penn State 10 74,178 notes
January 1, 1987 #3 Oklahoma 42 #9 Arkansas 8 52,717 notes
January 1, 1988 #2 Miami (Florida) 20 #1 Oklahoma 14 74,760 notes
January 2, 1989 #2 Miami (Florida) 23 #6 Nebraska 3 79,480 notes
January 1, 1990 #4 Notre Dame 21 #1 Colorado 6 81,190 notes
January 1, 1991 #1 Colorado 10 #5 Notre Dame 9 77,062 notes
January 1, 1992 #1 Miami (Florida) 22 #11 Nebraska 0 77,747 notes
January 1, 1993 #3 Florida State 27 #11 Nebraska 14 57,324 notes
January 1, 1994 #1 Florida State 18 #2 Nebraska 16 81,536 notes
January 1, 1995 #1 Nebraska 24 #3 Miami (Florida) 17 81,753 notes
January 1, 1996 #6 Florida State 31 #8 Notre Dame 26 72,198 notes
December 31, 1996 #6 Nebraska 41 #10 Virginia Tech 21 Pro Player Stadiumdouble-dagger 63,297 notes
January 2, 1998 #2 Nebraska 42 #3 Tennessee 17 74,002 notes
January 2, 1999 #7 Florida 31 #18 Syracuse 10 Miami Orange Bowldagger 67,919 notes
January 1, 2000 #8 Michigan 35 #5 Alabama 34 Pro Player Stadiumdouble-dagger 70,461 notes
January 3, 2001 #1 Oklahoma 13 #3 Florida State 2 76,835 notes
January 2, 2002 #5 Florida 56 #6 Maryland 23 73,640 notes
January 2, 2003 #5 USC 38 #3 Iowa 17 75,971 notes
January 1, 2004 #10 Miami (Florida) 16 #9 Florida State 14 76,739 notes
January 4, 2005 #1 USCdaggerdagger 55 #2 Oklahoma 19 77,912 notes
January 3, 2006 #3 Penn State 26 #22 Florida State 23 Dolphins Stadiumdouble-dagger 77,773 notes
January 2, 2007 #5 Louisville 24 #15 Wake Forest 13 Dolphin Stadiumdouble-dagger 74,470 notes
January 3, 2008 #8 Kansas 24 #5 Virginia Tech 21 74,111 notes
January 1, 2009 #21 Virginia Tech 20 #12 Cincinnati 7 73,602 notes
January 5, 2010 #10 Iowa 24 #9 Georgia Tech 14 Land Shark Stadiumdouble-dagger 66,131 notes
January 3, 2011 #5 Stanford 40 #12 Virginia Tech 12 Sun Life Stadiumdouble-dagger 65,453 notes
January 4, 2012 #17 West Virginia 70 #22 Clemson 33 67,563 notes
January 1, 2013 #13 Florida State 31 #16 Northern Illinois 10 72,073 notes
January 3, 2014 #12 Clemson 40 #7 Ohio State 35 72,080 notes
December 31, 2014 #10 Georgia Tech 49 #8 Mississippi State 34 58,211 notes
December 31, 2015 #1 Clemson 37 #4 Oklahoma 17 67,615 notes
December 30, 2016 #10 Florida State 33 #6 Michigan 32 Hard Rock Stadium 67,432 notes
December 30, 2017 #6 Wisconsin 34 #11 Miami (Florida) 24 65,326 notes
December 29, 2018 #1 Alabama 45 #4 Oklahoma 34 66,203 notes
December 30, 2019 #6 Florida 36 #23 Virginia 28 65,157 notes
January 2, 2021 #5 Texas A&M 41 #14 North Carolina 27 13,737 notes
December 31, 2021 #3 Georgia 34 #2 Michigan 11 66,839 notes
December 30, 2022 #6 Tennessee 31 #10 Clemson 14 63,912 notes
December 30, 2023 #6 Georgia 63 #4 Florida State 3 63,324 notes

Source:

Denotes Bowl Coalition Championship Game
Denotes Bowl Alliance Championship Game
Denotes BCS National Championship Game
Denotes College Football Playoff semifinal game
double-dagger Denotes a historical name for what is now Hard Rock Stadium
dagger Due to an NFL scheduling conflict, the 1999 game was played at the Miami Orange Bowl
daggerdagger USC vacated their 2005 victory due to NCAA sanctions (meaning the win was later taken away due to rule breaking).

Future Games

Most Valuable Players (MVPs)

The Orange Bowl started naming a Most Valuable Player (MVP) in 1965. From 1970 to 1998, two MVPs were chosen for each game. Since 1999, only one MVP is named, unless the game is a College Football Playoff semifinal. In those cases, both an offensive and a defensive MVP are chosen.

Teams with Most Appearances

This section shows which teams have played in the Orange Bowl the most times. The information is updated through the December 2023 game.

Teams with multiple appearances

double-dagger USC's win–loss record and winning percentage do not include their vacated 2005 win.

Teams with a single appearance

Won (11): Bucknell, Catholic, Duquesne, Louisville, Rice, Santa Clara, Stanford, Tulsa, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin Lost (14): Baylor, Boston College, Cincinnati, Georgetown, Holy Cross, Kentucky, Michigan State, Navy, North Carolina, Northern Illinois, Ole Miss, TCU, Virginia, Wake Forest

Appearances by Conference

This table shows how many times teams from different college football conferences have played in the Orange Bowl.

Rank Conference Appearances Record # of
Teams
Teams
W L Win %
1 Big Eight 42 20 22 .476 5
2 SEC 40 23 17 .575 11
  • Alabama (5–4)
  • LSU (2–3)
  • Georgia Tech (3–1)
  • Tennessee (2–3)
  • Florida (4–0)
  • Georgia (4–1)
  • Auburn (1–1)
  • Mississippi State (1–2)
  • Texas A&M (1–0)
  • Kentucky (0–1)
  • Ole Miss (0–1)
3 ACC 29 11 18 .379 10
  • Florida State (5–4)
  • Clemson (3–3)
  • Georgia Tech (1–1)
  • Duke (1–1)
  • Virginia Tech (1–2)
  • Wake Forest (0–1)
  • Maryland (0–3)
  • Miami (FL) (0–1)
  • Virginia (0–1)
  • North Carolina (0–1)
4 Independent 28 13 15 .464 15
  • Miami (FL) (4–1)
  • Notre Dame (2–3)
  • Penn State (3–1)
  • Florida State (0–2)
  • Syracuse (0–2)
  • Bucknell (1–0)
  • Catholic (1–0)
  • Duquesne (1–0)
  • Santa Clara (1–0)
  • Boston College (0–1)
  • Georgia Tech (0–1)
  • Georgetown (0–1)
  • Holy Cross (0–1)
  • Michigan State (0–1)
  • Navy (0–1)
5 Big Ten 10 5 5 .500 5
6 (tie) Big East 8 4 4 .500 6
  • Miami (FL) (2–1)
  • Louisville (1–0)
  • West Virginia (1–0)
  • Cincinnati (0–1)
  • Syracuse (0–1)
  • Virginia Tech (0–1)
6 (tie) SWC 8 4 4 .500 6
  • Texas (2–0)
  • Arkansas (1–1)
  • Rice (1–0)
  • Baylor (0–1)
  • TCU (0–1)
  • Texas A&M (0–1)
8 Big 12 7 4 3 .571 3
9 Pac-12 4 3 0 1.000 double-dagger 3
10 (tie) SoCon 1 1 0 1.000 1 Clemson (1–0)
10 (tie) MVC 1 1 0 1.000 1 Tulsa (1–0)
10 (tie) MAC 1 0 1 .000 1 Northern Illinois (0–1)
10 (tie) SIAA 1 0 1 .000 1 Miami (FL) (0–1)

double-dagger The Pac-12's win–loss record and winning percentage do not include USC's vacated 2005 win.

  • Conferences that no longer exist or are not active in the top level of college football are shown in italics.
  • Big Eight records include results from when the conference was called the Big Six and Big Seven.
  • Pac-12 records include results from when the conference was called the Pacific-10.
  • Some teams have played in the Orange Bowl as members of different conferences over time.

Orange Bowl Game Records

This table shows some of the biggest records set during Orange Bowl games.

Team Record, Team vs. Opponent Year
Most points scored (one team) 70, West Virginia vs. Clemson 2012
Most points scored (losing team) 35, Ohio State vs. Clemson Jan. 2014
Most points scored (both teams) 103, West Virginia (70) vs. Clemson (33) 2012
Fewest points allowed 0, 8 times, most recent:
Miami (FL) vs. Nebraska
 
1992
Largest margin of victory 60, Georgia (63) vs. Florida State (3) 2023
Total yards 673, Georgia vs. Florida State 2023
Rushing yards 452, Georgia Tech vs. Mississippi State 2014
Passing yards 456, Florida vs. Maryland 2002
First downs 37, Georgia vs. Florida State 2023
Fewest yards allowed 28, Bucknell vs. Miami 1935
Fewest rushing yards allowed –8, Missouri vs. Navy 1961
Fewest passing yards allowed 0, shared by:
Holy Cross vs. Miami
Tennessee vs. Rice

1946
1947
Individual Record, Player, Team vs. Opponent Year
All-purpose yards 280, Tavon Austin, West Virginia vs. Clemson
(123 receiving, 117 return, 40 rush)
2012
Touchdowns (all-purpose) 4, shared by:
Tavon Austin, West Virginia vs. Clemson
Johnny Rodgers, Nebraska vs. Notre Dame

2012
1973
Rushing yards 206, Ahman Green, Nebraska vs. Tennessee 1998
Rushing touchdowns 3, most recent:
Synjyn Days, Georgia Tech vs. Mississippi State
Justin Thomas, Georgia Tech vs. Mississippi State

2014
2014
Passing yards 453, Dak Prescott, Mississippi State vs. Georgia Tech 2014
Passing touchdowns 6, Geno Smith, West Virginia vs. Clemson 2012
Receiving yards 227, Sammy Watkins, Clemson vs. Ohio State 2014
Receiving touchdowns 4, Tavon Austin, West Virginia vs. Clemson 2012
Tackles 31 (total), Lee Roy Jordan, Alabama vs. Oklahoma
13 (solo), most recently:
Brian Bosworth, Oklahoma vs. Penn State
1963
 
1986
Sacks 4, Rusty Medearis, Miami vs. Nebraska 1992
Interceptions 3, Bud Hebert, Oklahoma vs. Florida State 1980
Long Plays Record, Player, Team vs. Opponent Year
Touchdown run 94, Larry Smith, Florida vs. Georgia Tech 1967
Touchdown pass 92, Nyqwan Murray from Deondre Francois, Florida State vs. Michigan 2016
Kickoff return 100, C. J. Jones, Iowa vs. USC 2003
Punt return 87, Willie Reid, Florida State vs. Penn State 2006
Interception return 94, David Baker, Oklahoma vs. Duke 1958
Fumble return 99, Darwin Cook, West Virginia vs. Clemson 2012
Punt 82, Ike Pickle, Mississippi State vs. Duquesne 1937
Field goal 56, Greg Cox, Miami vs. Oklahoma 1988

Source:

Sponsorship of the Orange Bowl

The Orange Bowl has had different official names because of its sponsors. It was known as the Discover Orange Bowl from 2010 to 2014. Before that, it was the FedEx Orange Bowl from 1989 to 2010.

Since 2011, ESPN has shown the Orange Bowl on TV. Before ESPN, Fox, ABC, CBS, and NBC also broadcast the game. The Orange Bowl is one of only two bowl games to have been shown on all four major U.S. TV networks.

In 2014, Discover Financial decided not to sponsor the game anymore. This was because the game was becoming part of the College Football Playoff, and ESPN asked for higher sponsorship fees. On September 22, 2014, Capital One became the new main sponsor. They moved their sponsorship from the Citrus Bowl. Now, the "Capital One Mascot Challenge" also happens at the Orange Bowl. Many other companies, like Amazon and American Airlines, are also part of the Orange Bowl Committee.

Broadcasting the Game

ESPN currently has the rights to broadcast the Orange Bowl. This started in 2011 as part of their deal for the Bowl Championship Series games. In 2012, ESPN signed a new deal to show the game until 2026. They pay $55 million each year for these rights. The game is also broadcast on ESPN Radio.

Before ESPN, Fox showed the game from 2007. ABC broadcast it from 1999 to 2006. CBS and NBC also showed the game in earlier years. ESPN Deportes started broadcasting the game in Spanish language in 2013.

See also

Kids robot.svg In Spanish: Orange Bowl para niños

  • List of college bowl games
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