St Davids facts for kids
Quick facts for kids St Davids
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| City | |
 St Davids Cathedral |
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 St Davids
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| Area | 17.93 sq mi (46.4 km2) (community) 0.23 sq mi (0.60 km2) (urban area) |
| Population | 1,600 |
| • Density | 89/sq mi (34/km2) |
| OS grid reference | SM755255 |
| Community |
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| Principal area | |
| Ceremonial county | |
| Country | Wales |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | HAVERFORDWEST |
| Postcode district | SA62 |
| Dialling code | 01437 |
| Police | Dyfed-Powys |
| Fire | Mid and West Wales |
| Ambulance | Welsh |
| EU Parliament | Wales |
| UK Parliament |
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| Welsh Assembly |
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St Davids or St David's (Welsh: Tyddewi lit. "David's house”) is a city and a community (named St Davids and the Cathedral Close) with a cathedral in Pembrokeshire, Wales, lying on the River Alun. It is the resting place of Saint David, Wales's patron saint, and named after him. St Davids is the United Kingdom's smallest city in population (just over 1,600 in 2011) and urban area (the smallest city by local authority boundary area being the City of London). St Davids was given city status in the 12th century. This does not derive automatically from criteria, but in England and Wales it was traditionally given to cathedral towns under practices laid down in the early 1540s, when Henry VIII founded dioceses. City status was withdrawn in 1886, but restored in 1994 at the request of Queen Elizabeth II. St Davids is also known archaically by the name Meneva or Menevia (Welsh: Mynyw).
Contents
History
Tradition states that David was born to Saint Non at what is now St Non's, just to the south of the city, in about AD 500. It is said that he was baptised at Porthclais, now the city's port, and was brought up by his mother at Llanon. St David may also have been educated at Ty Gwyn, Whitesands, by St Paulinus.
In the 6th century, David founded a monastery and church at Glyn Rhosyn (Rose Vale) on the banks of the River Alun. The area was originally known in the Welsh language as Mynyw and to the Romans as Meneva or Menevia. The monastic brotherhood that David founded was very strict — besides praying and celebrating masses, they cultivated the land and carried out many crafts, including beekeeping, in order to feed themselves and the many pilgrims and travellers who needed lodgings. They also fed and clothed the poor and needy. The settlement that grew up around the monastery was called Tyddewi meaning "David's house". In 519 the archbishopric of Caerleon in the county of Monmouth was transferred to Mynyw, which was renamed "St Davids" in honour of the archbishop and saint by whom the transfer was accomplished. The original cathedral built on the site was often plundered by the Vikings and was finally burnt and destroyed in 1087. The present cathedral was built by the Normans and contained many relics, including the remains of St David. It was visited by many pilgrims, many of whom were nobles and kings, including William the Conqueror in 1077, Henry II in 1171, and Edward I and Queen Eleanor in 1284. Pope Calixtus II decreed that two pilgrimages to St Davids were equivalent to one to Rome ("Roma semel quantum dat bis Menevia tantum"). Because of this, a vast income was raised from visiting pilgrims in the Middle Ages. Pilgrimages later fell out of favour due to practices such as the selling of indulgences, and the income from them faded away.
By the 19th century the city of St Davids was isolated and neglected, and was described as follows in the Penny Cyclopaedia:
At present its appearance is that of a poor village, the houses, excepting those of the clergy, being in a ruinous state. The locality is lonely, and the neighbouring district wild and unimproved; but it is still an interesting place as the seat of a large episcopal see, with a fine cathedral and the remains of other magnificent religious edifices.
Since then, better transport and the advent of tourism have helped the city prosper again.
City status
In the 16th century a town was recognised as a city by the English Crown if it had a diocesan cathedral within its limits, but this link was abolished in 1888 and St Davids lost the right to call itself a city. In 1991 St Davids town council proposed that a case for city status, which the residents had long considered it to have anyway, should be promoted in connection with the 40th anniversary of the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II, and in 1992 the Home Office agreed to refer the matter to Buckingham Palace. In 1994, at the request of the Queen, St Davids was again granted city status along with the Northern Irish town of Armagh, "In recognition of their important Christian heritage and their status as cities in the last century". The letters patent conferring city status were formally presented by the Queen in a ceremony at St David's Cathedral on 1 June 1995.
St Davids today
Next to the cathedral, the 13th-century Bishop's Palace is a ruin maintained by Cadw and open to visitors. St Davids was once a marcher borough, within which lay the hundred of Dewisland. In 1603 the antiquarian George Owen described it as one of five Pembrokeshire boroughs overseen by a portreeve.
Saint Non's Well overlooks the Pembrokeshire Coast Path and St Brides Bay.
In addition to the cathedral, notable features of the city include the 14th-century Tower Gate, the Celtic Old Cross and a number of art galleries. St Davids is also a base for walking and water sports. It has several hotels, a pharmacy, shops and galleries, and a youth hostel, and a number of pubs. The entire coastline around St Davids forms part of the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park.
St Davids lifeboat, located at St Justinian, has saved an estimated 360 people since the first lifeboat was located there in 1869; and four lifeboatmen have died while saving others. The Irish Sea area includes a large number of offshore rocks and islands, and is notorious for strong tides.
Culture and sport
The city hosted the National Eisteddfod in 2002. The Archbishop-designate of Canterbury, Dr Rowan Williams, was inducted into the Gorsedd of Bards, a historic order of Druids.
The St Davids Penknife Club is a group of people dedicated to voluntary fund raising for local groups and charities.
St Davids has a rugby union club, St. Davids RFC, which competes in the SWALEC League Six West.
Whitesands Bay, about two miles west of St. Davids, is a popular watersports resort. It has been described as the best surfing beach in Pembrokeshire and one of the best tourist beaches in the world.
Twin towns
St Davids is twinned with:
Naas, Republic of Ireland
Orléat, France
Matsieng, Lesotho
Education
Ysgol Dewi Sant (St David's School) is the local secondary school covering years 7–13 (aged 11–18). Ysgol Bro Dewi (Dewisland School) is a Voluntary Controlled Primary School, with pupils from Reception to Year 6.
Notable people
The following were born in St Davids:
- Asser (died c. 909), a monk at St Davids who was mentor to King Alfred the Great and wrote his biography
- William Barlow (died 1625), an expert on magnetism and Anglican cleric whose father, also William Barlow, served as bishop in 1536–1548.
- Kieran Evans (born 1969), a film director and screenwriter
- Wilfrith Green (1872–1937), a brigadier-general who served in the British and Indian armies
- Henry Hicks (1837–1899), a surgeon and geologist who practised there from 1862 until 1871
- Jasmine Joyce (born 1995), a player for Wales women's national rugby union sevens and the British women's sevens team at the 2016 Summer Olympics
- Rowland Phillips (born 1965), a rugby union player for Wales and later rugby league for Wales and Great Britain
- Thomas Tomkins (1572–1656), a musician and composer
- Ian Walsh (born 1958), a Wales national association football player
Images for kids
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The landscape around St Davids is scattered with ancient monuments, such as this Menhir near St Non's chapel.
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The Afon Alun in modern times, where Saint David founded his church and monastery
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Cross Square, St Davids in 1971
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See also
In Spanish: Saint David's para niños
