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List of Latin phrases (I) facts for kids

Kids Encyclopedia Facts

This page lists direct English translations of Latin phrases, such as veni vidi vici and et cetera. Some of the phrases are translations of older Greek phrases, because Greek rhetoric and literature reached its peak centuries before that of ancient Rome.

This list covers the letter I. For the main list, see: List of Latin phrases.

Contents
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References

Latin phrases are like secret codes from ancient Rome! Many of them are still used today in books, movies, and even in legal discussions. Learning them can help you understand history, literature, and how language works. This list focuses on phrases starting with the letter 'I'.

Latin Phrase What it Means Why it's Interesting
I, Vitelli, dei Romani sono belli Go, O Vitellius, at the war sound of the Roman god This is a funny one! In Latin, it's a perfectly correct sentence. But if you read the exact same words in modern Italian, it means "Romans' calves are beautiful." It shows how languages change over time!
ibidem (ibid.) in the same place Imagine you're writing a report and you keep using the same book as a source. Instead of writing the full book title every time, you can just write ibid. It's a shortcut in bibliographies.
id est (i.e.) that is This phrase helps you explain something more clearly. It's like saying "in other words" or "that means." For example, "The sun is a star, i.e., a giant ball of hot gas."
id quod plerumque accidit that which generally happens This phrase is often used in law. It means "what usually happens" or "the most likely outcome."
idem (id.) the same Similar to ibidem, this is used to refer to something that was just mentioned, like saying "ditto."
idem quod (i.q.) the same as This means "equal to" or "the same as." Don't confuse it with "IQ" (Intelligence Quotient)!
Idus Martiae the Ides of March In the Roman calendar, the Ides of March was March 15th. It's famous because Julius Caesar was assassinated on this day in 44 BC. Now, it's sometimes used to mean a warning of bad things to come.
Jesu juva (J.J.) Jesus, help! The famous composer Johann Sebastian Bach often wrote this at the beginning of his music pieces. He would end them with "S.D.G." (which means "to God alone be glory").
Iesus Nazarenus Rex Iudaeorum (INRI) Jesus the Nazarene, King of the Jews These words were written on a sign above Jesus' head when he was crucified. The Gospel of John says it was written in three languages: Aramaic, Latin, and Greek.
igitur qui desiderat pacem, praeparet bellum Therefore whoever desires peace, let him prepare for war This idea comes from an ancient Roman writer named Publius Flavius Vegetius Renatus. It means that if you want to have peace, you should be ready for war. It's a bit like "If you want peace, prepare for war."
igne natura renovatur integra through fire, nature is reborn whole This is an old saying from alchemy, which was an early form of chemistry. It suggests that fire can purify and renew things. It was also used to give a different meaning to the letters INRI.
igni ferroque with fire and iron This phrase describes a harsh military tactic called "scorched earth." It means destroying everything with fire and weapons so an enemy can't use it.
ignis aurum probat fire tests gold Just like fire purifies gold, difficult times can make a person stronger and better. It's about building character through challenges.
ignis fatuus foolish fire This refers to a Will-o'-the-wisp, which is a strange light sometimes seen over swamps at night. People used to think it was a ghost or a trick of nature.
ignorantia juris non excusat ignorance of the law is no excuse This is a very important rule in law. It means that you can't break a law and then say you didn't know about it to avoid punishment. Everyone is expected to know the laws.
ignoratio elenchi ignorance of the issue This is a type of logical mistake where someone makes an argument that might be true, but it doesn't actually prove the point they are trying to make. If someone does this on purpose to confuse you, it's called a "red herring."
ignotum per ignotius unknown by means of the more unknown This phrase describes an explanation that is more confusing than the thing it's trying to explain. It's like trying to explain something simple with really complicated words.
ignotus (ign.) unknown This simply means "unknown."
illum oportet crescere me autem minui He must become greater; I must become less These words were spoken by John the Baptist in the Gospel of John after he baptized Jesus. It means that John's role was to prepare the way for Jesus, who would become more important.
imago Dei image of God This is a religious idea that humans were created to be like God in some way.
imitatio dei imitation of a god This is a principle in some religions where believers try to act like their god or gods.
imperium in imperio an order within an order This phrase can mean a few things:
  • A group inside a larger group that is only loyal to its own leaders, not the main group.
  • A secret group working against the main group they seem to be part of.
  • A "State within a state" – like a powerful organization that acts independently within a country.
imperium sine fine an empire without an end In the Roman epic poem Aeneid by Virgil, the god Jupiter promised that the city of Rome, founded by Aeneas, would become an empire that would last forever.
impossibilium nulla obligatio est there is no obligation to do the impossible This is a legal principle. It means you can't be forced to do something that is literally impossible.
imprimatur let it be printed This is an official permission to publish something. It was originally given by a Catholic bishop after checking that a book didn't contain anything against their beliefs.
in absentia in the absence This is used when something happens without a person being there. For example, a trial might happen in absentia if the accused person is not present.
in absentia lucis, tenebrae vincunt in the absence of light, darkness prevails This is a poetic way of saying that without light, darkness takes over.
in actu in act This means "in the very act" or "in reality."
in albis in white garments This is the Latin name for the Sunday after Easter. It refers to the white robes that newly baptized Christians would wear during the Easter week.
in articulo mortis at the point of death This phrase is used to describe someone who is very close to dying.
in bono veritas truth is in the good This suggests that goodness and truth are connected.
in camera in the chamber This means "in secret" or "privately." For example, a judge might hear something in camera, meaning in private, not in open court.
in casu (i.c.) in the event This means "in this case" or "in this particular situation."
in cauda venenum the poison is in the tail This comes from the idea of a scorpion with its sting in its tail. It means that something might start out nicely, but then turn bad or reveal a hidden, unpleasant truth at the end.
in com. Ebor. In the county of Yorkshire This is a historical abbreviation used in old books about family histories in England, referring to the county of Yorkshire.
in Christi lumine pro mundi vita in the light of Christ for the life on the world This is the motto of the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, a university in Chile.
incurvatus in se turned/curved inward on oneself This phrase describes someone who is focused only on themselves, rather than on others or on God.
in Deo speramus in God we hope This is the motto of Brown University, a university in the United States.
in dubio pro reo in doubt, on behalf of the [alleged] culprit This is a key principle in law: if there is doubt about whether someone is guilty, the decision should be in favor of the accused person. It's part of "innocent until proven guilty."
in duplo in double This means "in duplicate" or "two copies."
in effigie in the likeness This means "in the form of an image" or "as a representation." For example, burning someone's effigy means burning a dummy that looks like them.
in esse in existence This means "actually existing" or "in reality," as opposed to something that is only possible (in posse).
in extenso in the extended This means "in full" or "completely," without any parts left out.
in extremis in the furthest reaches This means "at the very end" or "in a desperate situation." It can also mean "at the point of death."
in facie in the face In law, this refers to showing disrespect to the court right in front of the judge.
in fide scientiam To our faith add knowledge This is the motto of Newington College, a school.
in fidem into faith This means "to verify faith."
in fieri in becoming This means "in progress" or "developing." Something that is in fieri is not yet complete.
in fine (i.f.) in the end This means "at the end." You might see it in a footnote, like "page 157 in fine" meaning "the end of page 157."
in flagrante delicto in a blazing wrong, while the crime is blazing This means "caught in the act" of doing something wrong, especially a crime. It's like saying "caught red-handed."
in flore in blossom This means "blooming" or "flourishing."
in foro in forum This is a legal term meaning "in court."
in forma pauperis in the character or manner of a pauper This is a legal term that means someone is allowed to go to court without paying the usual fees because they are poor.
in girum imus nocte et consumimur igni We enter the circle at night and are consumed by fire This is a palindrome, meaning it reads the same forwards and backward! It's said to describe moths flying around a light.
in harmonia progressio progress in harmony This is the motto of the Bandung Institute of Technology in Indonesia. It means that progress happens best when things work together smoothly.
in hoc sensu (s.h.) in this sense This is an academic phrase meaning "in this specific way" or "from this point of view."
in hoc signo vinces by this sign you will conquer The Roman Emperor Constantine the Great claimed he saw these words in a vision before a big battle. He won the battle, and it led to Christianity becoming more accepted in the Roman Empire.
in hunc effectum for this purpose This describes a meeting that is called for one specific reason only.
in ictu oculi in the blink of an eye This means something happens very quickly, almost instantly.
in illo ordine (i.o.) in that order This is used in academic writing as a shorter way to say "respectively."
in illo tempore in that time This phrase is often found in old religious texts, especially in readings from the Gospels during church services. It means "at that time" and refers to an unspecified time in the past.
in inceptum finis est lit.: in the beginning is the end This means that the beginning of something often hints at or foreshadows its end.
in limine at the outset/threshold In law, a "motion in limine" is a request made to a judge before or during a trial, often to decide if certain evidence should be allowed.
in loco in the place, on the spot This means "on site" or "in the actual location." For example, "The samples were analyzed in loco."
in loco parentis in the place of a parent This is a legal term. It means someone (like a schoolteacher) has the responsibility and authority of a parent over children in their care.
in luce Tua videmus lucem in Thy light we see light This is the motto of Valparaiso University. It comes from the Bible (Psalm 36:9) and means that we understand things through God's wisdom.
in lumine tuo videbimus lumen in your light we will see the light This is the motto of several universities, including Columbia University in New York City. It has a similar meaning to the phrase above.
in manus tuas commendo spiritum meum into your hands I entrust my spirit According to the Gospel of Luke, these were the last words spoken by Jesus on the cross.
in medias res into the middle of things This is a literary technique where a story starts in the middle of the action, rather than at the very beginning. Famous examples include the Iliad and the Odyssey.
in memoriam into the memory This phrase is used to remember or honor someone who has passed away. You often see it on memorials or in obituaries.
in natura in nature This means "in its natural state" or "as it naturally exists."
in necessariis unitas, in dubiis libertas, in omnibus caritas in necessary things unity, in doubtful things liberty, in all things charity This wise saying means that people should agree on important things, have freedom to disagree on less certain things, and always show compassion and kindness to everyone.
in nocte consilium advice comes in the night; "sleep on it" This means it's often a good idea to "sleep on" a problem or decision, as you might find a solution or clearer thinking after a night's rest. It's the motto of Birkbeck College, a university that offers evening classes.
in nomine diaboli in the name of the devil This phrase is associated with evil or dark rituals.
in nomine Domini in the name of the Lord This is the motto of Trinity College, Perth, Australia, and also the name of an important church rule from 1050.
in nomine patris, et filii, et spiritus sancti in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit This is a religious invocation, a prayer or blessing, used in Christian services.
in nuce in a nut This means "in a nutshell" or "briefly stated." It can also mean something that is in its early, undeveloped stage.
in odium fidei in hatred of the faith This phrase is used to describe why Christian martyrs (people who died for their faith) were killed – because of hatred for their beliefs.
in omnia paratus ready for anything This is a motto that means someone is prepared for any situation or challenge. It's the motto of a U.S. Army regiment.
in omnibus amare et servire Domino in everything, love and serve the Lord This is the motto of Ateneo de Iloilo, a school in the Philippines.
in omnibus requiem quaesivi, et nusquam inveni nisi in angulo cum libro Everywhere I have searched for peace and nowhere found it, except in a corner with a book This quote by Thomas à Kempis means that he found peace and quiet only when he was alone with a book. It's a great phrase for book lovers!
in ovo in the egg This describes an experiment or process done inside an egg or embryo. For example, studying how a chick develops inside an egg.
in pace ut sapiens aptarit idonea bello in peace, like the wise man, make preparations for war This quote from Horace is similar to "If you want peace, prepare for war." It suggests that being ready for conflict, even during peacetime, is a wise approach.
in pace requiescat in peace may he rest This is another way to say "let him rest in peace," often seen on gravestones.
in pari materia upon the same matter or subject In law, this means that if a law is unclear, its meaning can be understood by looking at other laws that deal with the same topic.
in pari delicto in equal fault This is a legal term meaning that two or more people are equally to blame for a wrongdoing.
in partibus infidelium in the parts of the infidels This historical term referred to areas where Christianity was no longer the main religion, often after being conquered by non-Christian rulers. It was used for bishops who had a title but no actual territory.
in pectore in the heart This refers to a cardinal (a high-ranking church official) who has been chosen by the pope but whose name is kept secret for a time.
in personam against a person This is a legal term meaning that a legal action is directed specifically at a particular person.
in posse in potential This means "in the state of being possible" or "potentially existing," as opposed to something that actually exists (in esse).
in propria persona in one's own person This means acting on your own behalf, especially in a legal case where someone represents themselves without a lawyer. It's often shortened to pro per.
in principio erat Verbum in the beginning was the Word (Logos) This is the very first line of the Gospel of John in the Bible. It's a very famous and important religious statement.
in re in the matter [of] This is a legal term used to indicate that a court case is about a specific issue or thing, rather than a dispute between two opposing parties.
in rebus in the thing [itself] This is a philosophical term used to discuss the qualities or characteristics of things themselves.
in regione caecorum rex est luscus In the land of the blind, the one-eyed man is king. This saying means that even someone with a small advantage can be powerful or important among those who have no advantage at all.
in rem against the thing This is a legal term meaning a court's power over a piece of property (like land or a house), rather than over a person.
in rerum natura in the nature of things This means "in the way things naturally are." It's also the title of a famous poem by Lucretius called De rerum natura (On the Nature of Things).
in retentis among things held back This describes documents that are kept separate from regular court records for special reasons.
in saecula (saeculorum), in saeculum saeculi forever (and ever); liturgical This phrase is often used in religious services to mean "forever and ever," emphasizing something that lasts for all time.
in saeculo in the times This means "in the secular world" or "in the world outside of a monastery or religious life."
in salvo in safety This simply means "in a safe place" or "safely."
in scientia et virtue in knowledge and virtue This is the motto of St. Joseph's College, Colombo, a school in Sri Lanka. It means aiming for both learning and good character.
in se magna ruunt great things collapse of their own weight This quote from Lucan means that very large or powerful things can sometimes fall apart because they are too big or complex to sustain themselves.
in silvam non ligna feras Do not carry wood to the forest This quote from Horace means don't do something unnecessary, like bringing wood to a place that already has plenty of it. It's similar to "carrying coals to Newcastle."
in situ in the place This means "in its original place" or "in its natural position." For example, an archaeologist might study artifacts in situ (where they were found).
in somnis veritas In dreams there is truth This suggests that dreams can sometimes reveal hidden truths or insights.
in spe in hope This can mean "future" (e.g., "my mother-in-law in spe" means "my future mother-in-law") or "in an early, developing form."
in specialibus generalia quaerimus To seek the general in the specifics This means trying to understand big, general rules by looking closely at small, detailed examples.
in statu nascendi in the state of being born This describes something that is just about to begin or is in its very earliest stage of development.
in theatro ludus like a scene in a play This describes something that feels unreal or like a performance, rather than real life.
in toto in all This means "totally," "entirely," or "completely."
in triplo in triple This means "in triplicate" or "three copies."
in umbra, igitur, pugnabimus Then we will fight in the shade This is a famous Laconic phrase (a short, witty reply) supposedly said by the Spartans before the Battle of Thermopylae. When the Persians boasted their arrows would block out the sun, the Spartans replied they would then fight in the shade, meaning they weren't afraid.
in utero in the womb This refers to something happening inside the womb, before birth.
in utrumque paratus prepared for either (event) This means being ready for any of two possible outcomes.
in vacuo in a void This means "in a vacuum" or "isolated from everything else."
in varietate concordia united in diversity This is the motto of the European Union. It means that even though the countries are different, they are united.
in verbo tuo at your word This refers to a moment in the Bible when Peter obeyed Jesus' command to cast his fishing nets, even though he had caught nothing all night. It means trusting and acting on someone's word.
invidiae prudentia victrix prudence conquers jealousy This means that wisdom and carefulness can overcome feelings of jealousy.
in vino veritas in wine [there is] truth This saying suggests that people tend to speak the truth more freely when they have been drinking wine, as it can make them less inhibited.
in vitro in glass This describes experiments or processes done in a laboratory setting, often in glass containers like test tubes or Petri dishes, outside of a living organism.
in vivo in life/in a living thing This describes experiments or processes done on a living organism or specimen.
in vivo veritas in a living thing [there is] truth This is a playful twist on in vino veritas, used by biologists. It means that what you find in a lab experiment (in vitro) might not always be true when you test it on a living organism (in vivo).
incepto ne desistam May I not shrink from my purpose! This is the motto of Westville Boys' High School and Westville Girls' High School. It comes from Virgil's Aeneid, where the goddess Juno says it, showing her strong determination.
incertae sedis of uncertain position (seat) This is a term used in science, especially when classifying living things. It means a group of animals or plants whose exact place in the larger classification system is not yet known or clear.
incredibile dictu incredible to say This means "incredible to say" or "amazing to tell."
intus et in cute inwardly and in the skin This means "intimately" or "completely," knowing someone or something very deeply, both inside and out.
Index Librorum Prohibitorum Index of Prohibited (or, Forbidden) Books This was a list of books that the Roman Catholic Church considered dangerous or against their teachings, and Catholics were not allowed to read them.
indigens Deo being in need of God, beggar before God This phrase from Augustine of Hippo means that humans need God to be truly happy and fulfilled.
indignor quandoque bonus dormitat Homerus I too am annoyed whenever good Homer falls asleep This quote from Horace means that even the greatest writers or artists can make mistakes or have less-than-perfect moments. It's a reminder that no one is perfect all the time.
indivisibiliter ac inseparabiliter indivisible and inseparable This was the motto of Austria-Hungary, meaning that the empire was meant to stay together as one, which it did until 1918.
infinitus est numerus stultorum unending is the number of fools This means there are countless foolish people in the world.
Infirma mundi elegit Deus God chooses the weak of the world This is the motto of a religious leader named Vital-Justin Grandin. It means that God often chooses humble or seemingly weak people to do important things.
infra dignitatem (infra dig) beneath (one's) dignity This means something is below your standards or not worthy of your time or effort. It's often shortened to "infra dig."
ingenio stat sine morte decus the honors of genius are eternal This quote means that the achievements and fame of a truly brilliant person will last forever.
initium sapientiae timor Domini the fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom This quote from the Bible (Psalm 111:10) is the motto of the University of Aberdeen in Scotland. It means that respect for God is the first step towards true wisdom.
iniuriae qui addideris contumeliam you who have added insult to injury This means making a bad situation even worse by saying or doing something hurtful. It's the origin of the English phrase "to add insult to injury."
inopiae desunt multa, avaritiae omnia to poverty many things are lacking; to avarice, everything This quote means that a poor person might lack many things, but a greedy person (someone with avarice) feels like they lack everything, no matter how much they have.
insita hominibus libidine alendi de industria rumores men have an innate desire to propagate rumors or reports This means that people naturally love to spread rumors or gossip.
instante mense (inst.) in the present month This is an old-fashioned way to refer to the current month in formal letters. For example, "your letter of the 17th inst." means "your letter from the 17th of this month."
Instrumentum regni instrument of government This phrase suggests that religion can sometimes be used by governments or powerful groups to control people or achieve political goals.
Instrumentum vocale instrument with voice This was a harsh and dehumanizing way an ancient Roman writer defined a slave: as a tool that could speak, like a talking plow.
intaminatis fulget honoribus untarnished, she shines with honor This quote from Horace is the motto of Wofford College. It means that someone's honor is pure and unblemished.
integer vitae scelerisque purus unimpaired by life and clean of wickedness This quote from Horace describes someone who lives an honorable life, free from wrongdoing. It's sometimes used in funeral hymns.
intelligenti pauca few words suffice for him who understands This means that if someone is smart, you don't need to say much for them to understand. A few hints are enough.
inter alia (i.a.) among other things This phrase is used to show that a list or statement includes other items not specifically mentioned. For example, "The meeting discussed, inter alia, the budget and new projects."
inter alios among others Similar to inter alia, but usually refers to people or parties in legal documents.
inter arma enim silent leges in a time of war, the law falls silent This powerful statement by Cicero means that during war or extreme conflict, the normal rules and laws often lose their power.
inter caetera among others This is the title of a papal bull, which is a type of official document issued by the pope.
inter mutanda constantia steadfast in the midst of change This is the motto of Rockwell College and Francis Libermann Catholic High School. It means staying strong and consistent even when everything around you is changing.
inter spem et metum between hope and fear This describes a situation where you feel both hopeful and worried at the same time.
inter vivos between the living This is a legal term for things that happen between living people, like giving a gift while you are still alive, as opposed to leaving something in a will after you die.
intra muros within the walls This means "inside the walls" of a city or building. It can also mean something that is not public or is kept secret within a group.
intra vires within the powers This is a legal term meaning that someone is acting within their legal authority or power. The opposite is ultra vires, meaning "beyond the powers."
invenias etiam disiecti membra poetae you would still recognize the scattered fragments of a poet This quote from Horace means that even if a poet's work is broken up, you can still recognize their unique style or genius.
inveniet quod quisque velit each shall find what he desires This means that everyone will find what they are looking for, even if it's different from what others want.
invicta unconquered This means "unconquered" or "undefeated." It's the motto of the English county of Kent and the city of Porto.
invictus maneo I remain unvanquished This means "I remain undefeated" or "I cannot be conquered." It's the motto of the Clan Armstrong.
Iohannes est nomen eius John is his name This phrase from the Gospel of Luke refers to John the Baptist. It's also the motto on the coat of arms of Puerto Rico.
ipsa scientia potestas est knowledge itself is power This famous quote by Sir Francis Bacon means that having knowledge gives you power and ability.
ipse dixit he himself said it This phrase was used in ancient debates to refer to Aristotle, meaning "because the master said it." Today, it's used to describe an argument that relies only on someone's authority, without any real proof.
ipsissima verba the very words themselves This means "word for word" or "exactly as spoken." It's used to describe a precise record of someone's words.
ipsissima voce in the very voice itself This means capturing the main idea or message of what someone said, even if not using their exact words.
ipso facto by the fact itself This means "by that very fact" or "automatically." For example, "If you break the rules, you are ipso facto disqualified."
ipso iure by the law itself This means something happens automatically as a result of the law.
ira deorum wrath of the gods In ancient Rome, people believed it was important to keep the gods happy (pax deorum) to avoid their anger (ira deorum), which they thought caused natural disasters.
ira furor brevis est wrath (anger) is but a brief madness This means that anger is a temporary loss of control, like a short period of madness.
ita vero thus indeed The Romans didn't have a simple word for "yes." Instead, they would often use phrases like this to confirm something.
ite, missa est go, it is the dismissal These are the concluding words spoken at the end of a Catholic Mass, meaning "Go, the Mass is ended."
iter legis the path of the law This refers to the process a law goes through, from being an idea to becoming an official rule.
iucunda memoria est praeteritorum malorum pleasant is the memory of past troubles This quote from Cicero means that it can be enjoyable to look back on difficulties you've overcome.
iugulare mortuos to cut the throat of corpses This phrase means attacking someone's work or reputation after they have died. It can also mean criticizing someone who is already being heavily criticized by others.
iuncta iuvant together they strive This means "things joined together help." It comes from a legal idea that things that aren't strong alone can be helpful when combined.
iura novit curia the court knows the law This is a legal principle in some countries meaning that lawyers don't need to argue about the law itself, because the court is expected to know it.
iure matris in right of his mother This means a son has a right or claim because of his mother.
iure uxoris in right of his wife This means a husband has a right or claim because of his wife.
iuris ignorantia est cum ius nostrum ignoramus it is ignorance of the law when we do not know our own rights This means that not knowing your own legal rights counts as not knowing the law.
ius accrescendi right of accrual In property law, this means that if people own property together and one person dies, the surviving owners automatically get the deceased person's share.
ius ad bellum law towards war This refers to the laws that decide if it's right or wrong for a country to go to war in the first place, like for self-defense.
ius cogens compelling law This is a very important rule in international law that all countries must follow, and no country is allowed to break it.
ius est ars boni et aequi the law is the art of goodness and equity This phrase means that law is about fairness and doing what is right. It's written on a courthouse in Hamburg, Germany.
ius in bello law in war This refers to the rules that control how soldiers behave during a war, such as who they can attack, how they treat prisoners, and what weapons they can use.
iustitia fundamentum regni justice is the foundation of a reign This is the motto of the Supreme Public Prosecutor's Office of the Czech Republic. It means that justice is essential for a good government.
iustitia omnibus justice for all This is the motto of Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States. It means that everyone should receive fair treatment under the law.
iuventuti nil arduum to the young nothing is difficult This is the motto of Canberra Girls Grammar School. It means that young people can achieve anything they set their minds to.
iuventutis veho fortunas I bear the fortunes of youth This is the motto of Dollar Academy. It means that the school helps guide and shape the future of young people.
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