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Durham, Connecticut
Town
Town of Durham
View from Pistapaug Mountain
View from Pistapaug Mountain
Official seal of Durham, Connecticut
Seal
Durham's location within Middlesex County and Connecticut Middlesex County and Connecticut
Durham's location within the Lower Connecticut River Valley Planning Region and the state of Connecticut Lower Connecticut River Valley Planning Region and Connecticut
Country  United States
U.S. state  Connecticut
County Middlesex
Region Lower CT River Valley
Incorporated 1708
Government
 • Type Selectman-town meeting
Area
 • Total 23.8 sq mi (61.6 km2)
 • Land 23.6 sq mi (61.1 km2)
 • Water 0.2 sq mi (0.4 km2)
Elevation
161 ft (49 m)
Population
 (2020)
 • Total 7,152
 • Density 303.1/sq mi (117.0/km2)
Time zone UTC-5 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST) UTC-4 (Eastern)
ZIP code
06422
Area code(s) 860/959
FIPS code 09-20810
GNIS feature ID 0213419

Durham (/ˈdɜːrəm/ DURR-əm) is a town in Middlesex County, Connecticut, United States. Durham is a former farming village on the Coginchaug River in central Connecticut. The town is part of the Lower Connecticut River Valley Planning Region. The population was 7,152 at the 2020 census. Every autumn, the town hosts the Durham Fair, the largest volunteer agricultural fair in New England.

The Durham town center is listed by the U.S. Census Bureau as a census-designated place. The core of the town center has also been listed as a historic district on the National Register of Historic Places.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 23.8 square miles (62 km2), of which 23.6 square miles (61 km2) is land and 0.2 square mile (40 ha or 0.67%) is water. The town center CDP has a total area of 6.3 square miles (16 km2), of which 6.3 square miles (16 km2) is land and 0.16% is water.

The west side of Durham is flanked by the Metacomet Ridge, a mountainous trap rock ridgeline that stretches from Long Island Sound to nearly the Vermont border. Notable features of the Metacomet ridge in Durham include Trimountain, Fowler Mountain, Pistapaug Mountain, and the northern tip of Totoket Mountain. The 50-mile (80-kilometer) Mattabesett Trail traverses the ridge. Miller's Pond State Park is located within the town.

History

Moses Austin Birthplace Historical Marker
Historical marker at the Elias Austin House

Durham was incorporated in 1708. The settlement was named after Durham, England. It took land from Guilford, and Haddam. Durham has one of the first public libraries in the United States. It was founded in 1733, two years after Benjamin Franklin started the Philadelphia library. Moses Austin who, along with his son Stephen F. Austin, began the settlement of Spanish and Mexican Texas by Anglo-Americans, was born in Durham in 1761. In the 1830s Durham came to prominence as the birthplace of Richard P. Robinson, who was tried for and acquitted of the infamous murder of Helen Jewett.

Demographics

Historical population
Census Pop. %±
1790 1,079 —
1800 1,029 −4.6%
1810 1,101 7.0%
1820 1,210 9.9%
1830 1,116 −7.8%
1840 1,095 −1.9%
1850 1,026 −6.3%
1860 1,130 10.1%
1870 1,086 −3.9%
1880 990 −8.8%
1890 856 −13.5%
1900 884 3.3%
1910 997 12.8%
1920 959 −3.8%
1930 1,044 8.9%
1940 1,098 5.2%
1950 1,804 64.3%
1960 3,096 71.6%
1970 4,489 45.0%
1980 5,143 14.6%
1990 5,732 11.5%
2000 6,627 15.6%
2010 7,388 11.5%
2020 7,152 −3.2%
U.S. Decennial Census
See also: List of Connecticut locations by per capita income

As of the census of 2000, there were 6,627 people, 2,277 households, and 1,871 families living in the town. The population density was 280.8 inhabitants per square mile (108.4/km2). There were 2,349 housing units at an average density of 99.5 per square mile (38.4/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 96.68% White, 1.15% Black or African American, 0.18% Native American, 0.85% Asian, 0.30% from other races, and 0.85% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 1.54% of the population.

There were 2,277 households, out of which 41.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 72.3% were married couples living together, 7.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 17.8% were non-families. 14.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.85 and the average family size was 3.17.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 29.0% under the age of 18, 4.8% from 18 to 24, 29.3% from 25 to 44, 27.4% from 45 to 64, and 9.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.4 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $77,639, and the median income for a family was $82,864. Males had a median income of $51,250 versus $38,833 for females. The per capita income for the town was $29,306. About 1.3% of families and 1.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 0.4% of those under age 18 and 3.1% of those age 65 or over.

Town center

As of the census of 2000, there were 2,773 people, 1,040 households, and 809 families living in the Durham census-designated place, corresponding to the town center. The population density was 443.1 inhabitants per square mile (171.1/km2). There were 1,078 housing units at an average density of 172.3 per square mile (66.5/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 97.91% White, 0.47% Black or African American, 0.07% Native American, 0.87% Asian, 0.25% from other races, and 0.43% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 1.01% of the population.

There were 1,040 households, out of which 36.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.5% were married couples living together, 8.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.2% were non-families. 18.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.06.

In the CDP the population was spread out, with 26.1% under the age of 18, 4.4% from 18 to 24, 28.9% from 25 to 44, 27.5% from 45 to 64, and 13.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.4 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $66,505, and the median income for a family was $72,465. Males had a median income of $47,179 versus $37,500 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $26,972. About 2.1% of families and 3.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.0% of those under age 18 and 4.3% of those age 65 or over.

Historic locations in Durham

PostcardDurhamCTStreetAndSchool1910
1910 street scene with school
Elias Austin House
Elias Austin House, July 2020

Durham Meadows superfund site

The Durham Meadows superfund site encompasses an area of town around the abandoned Merriam Manufacturing, and the operational Durham Manufacturing company. Both companies disposed of organic solvents, paint wastes, and degreasers in open lagoons and buried drums. The waste leached into the town's water supply, contaminating several private wells with methylene chloride, 1,4-dioxane, and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection are coordinating cleanup and monitoring efforts, including the delivery of free bottled water to affected residents.

Notable people

See also

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