Romanticism facts for kids
Romanticism (the Romantic era or Romantic period) is a movement, or style of art, literature and music in the late 18th and early 19th century in Europe.
The movement said that feelings, imagination, nature, human life, freedom of expression, individualism and old folk traditions, such as legends and fairy tales, were important. It was a reaction to the aristocratic social and political ideas of the Age of Enlightenment and the Industrial Revolution.
It was also a reaction against turning nature into a mere science.
The movement showed most strongly in arts like music, and literature. However, it also had an important influence on historiography, education, and natural history.
Examples
United Kingdom
Romanticism in Britain was notable as the country was an early adopter of industrialization and science, and included such figures as:
- William Wordsworth
- Samuel Taylor Coleridge
- Lord Byron
- Shelley
- William Blake
- Robert Burns
- Walter Scott
- J. M. W. Turner
Germany
During the same period as Britain, there was a notable romantistic movement in Germany. Important motifs in German Romanticism are traveling, nature, and Germanic myths. Involved were such figures as:
- Goethe as a younger man.
- Hegel
- Schiller
- Beethoven
- The Brothers Grimm
Related pages
Images for kids
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Philipp Otto Runge, The Morning, 1808
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William Blake, The Little Girl Found, from Songs of Innocence and Experience, 1794
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John William Waterhouse, The Lady of Shalott, 1888, after a poem by Tennyson; like many Victorian paintings, romantic but not Romantic.
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Title page of Volume III of Des Knaben Wunderhorn, 1808
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William Wordsworth (pictured) and Samuel Taylor Coleridge helped to launch the Romantic Age in English literature in 1798 with their joint publication Lyrical Ballads
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Portrait of Lord Byron by Thomas Phillips, c. 1813. The Byronic hero first reached the wider public in Byron's semi-autobiographical epic narrative poem Childe Harold's Pilgrimage (1812–1818).
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Robert Burns in Alexander Nasmyth's portrait of 1787
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The "battle of Hernani" was fought nightly at the theatre in 1830: lithograph, by J. J. Grandville
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Adam Mickiewicz on the Ayu-Dag, by Walenty Wańkowicz, 1828
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Juliusz Słowacki, a Polish poet considered one of the "Three National Bards" of Polish literature—a major figure in the Polish Romantic period, and the father of modern Polish drama.
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El escritor José de Espronceda, portrait by Antonio María Esquivel (c. 1845) (Museo del Prado, Madrid)
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Portuguese poet, novelist, politician and playwright Almeida Garrett (1799–1854)
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Italian poet Isabella di Morra, sometimes cited as a precursor of Romantic poets
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A print exemplifying the contrast between neoclassical vs. romantic styles of landscape and architecture (or the "Grecian" and the "Gothic" as they are termed here), 1816
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Dennis Malone Carter, Decatur Boarding the Tripolitan Gunboat, 1878. Romanticist vision of the Battle of Tripoli, during the First Barbary War. It represents the moment when the American war hero Stephen Decatur was fighting hand-to-hand against the Muslim pirate captain.
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Thomas Cole, The Course of Empire: The Savage State (1 of 5), 1836
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Thomas Jones, The Bard, 1774, a prophetic combination of Romanticism and nationalism by the Welsh artist
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Cavalier gaulois by Antoine-Augustin Préault, Pont d'Iéna, Paris
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Ludwig van Beethoven, painted by Joseph Karl Stieler, 1820
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Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, Portrait of Niccolò Paganini, 1819
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Frédéric Chopin in 1838 by Eugène Delacroix
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Akseli Gallen-Kallela, The Forging of the Sampo, 1893. An artist from Finland deriving inspiration from the Finnish "national epic", the Kalevala
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Hans Gude, Fra Hardanger, 1847. Example of Norwegian romantic nationalism.
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The November Uprising (1830–31), in the Kingdom of Poland, against the Russian Empire
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Hameau de la Reine, Palace of Versailles (1783–1785)
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Royal Pavilion in Brighton by John Nash (1815–1823)
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Cologne Cathedral (1840–80)
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Grand Staircase of the Paris Opera by Charles Garnier (1861–75)
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Basilica of Sacré-Cœur by Paul Abadie (1875–1914)
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Thomas Cole, Childhood (1842), one of the four scenes in The Voyage of Life
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Thomas Cole, The Voyage of Life Old Age (1842)
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Louis Janmot, from his series The Poem of the Soul, before 1854
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Felix Mendelssohn, 1839
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Robert Schumann, 1839
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Franz Liszt, 1847
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Daniel Auber, c. 1868
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Hector Berlioz by Gustave Courbet, 1850
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Giovanni Boldini, Portrait of Giuseppe Verdi, 1886
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Richard Wagner, c. 1870s
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Giacomo Meyerbeer, 1847
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Gustav Mahler, 1896
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Joseph Vernet, 1759, Shipwreck; the 18th-century "sublime"
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Joseph Wright, 1774, Cave at evening, Smith College Museum of Art, Northampton, Massachusetts
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Henry Fuseli, 1781, The Nightmare, a classical artist whose themes often anticipate the Romantic
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Philip James de Loutherbourg, Coalbrookdale by Night, 1801, a key location of the English Industrial Revolution
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Théodore Géricault, The Charging Chasseur, c. 1812
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Eugène Delacroix, Collision of Moorish Horsemen, 1843–44
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Eugène Delacroix, The Bride of Abydos, 1857, after the poem by Byron
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Joseph Anton Koch, Waterfalls at Subiaco, 1812–1813, a "classical" landscape to art historians
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James Ward, 1814–1815, Gordale Scar
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John Constable, 1821, The Hay Wain, one of Constable's large "six footers"
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J. C. Dahl, 1826, Eruption of Vesuvius, by Friedrich's closest follower
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Isaac Levitan, Pacific, 1898, State Russian Museum, St.Petersburg
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J. M. W. Turner, The Burning of the Houses of Lords and Commons (1835), Philadelphia Museum of Art
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Ivan Aivazovsky, 1850, The Ninth Wave, Russian Museum, St. Petersburg
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John Martin, 1852, The Destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah, Laing Art Gallery
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Frederic Edwin Church, 1860, Twilight in the Wilderness, Cleveland Museum of Art
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Albert Bierstadt, 1863, The Rocky Mountains, Lander's Peak
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See also
In Spanish: Romanticismo para niños
