2016 Summer Olympics facts for kids

Quick facts for kids
Games of the XXXI Olympiad

Host city	Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Motto	A new world (Portuguese: Um mundo novo)
Nations	207
Athletes	11,238
Events	306 in 28 sports (41 disciplines)
Opening	5 August
Closing	21 August
Opened by	Vice President Michel Temer, as acting president
Cauldron	Vanderlei Cordeiro de Lima
Stadium	Maracanã
Summer
← London 2012 Tokyo 2020 →
Winter
← Sochi 2014 PyeongChang 2018 →

The 2016 Summer Olympics (Portuguese: Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2016), officially known as the Games of the XXXI Olympiad (Portuguese: Jogos da XXXI Olimpíada) and commonly known as Rio 2016, was an international multi-sport event held from 5 to 21 August 2016 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with preliminary events in some sports beginning on 3 August. Rio was announced as the host city at the 121st IOC Session in Copenhagen, Denmark, on 2 October 2009.

More than 11,000 athletes from 207 nations took part in the 2016 Games, including first-time entrants Kosovo, South Sudan, and the Refugee Olympic Team. With 306 sets of medals, the Games featured 28 Olympic sports, including rugby sevens and golf, which were added to the Olympic program in 2009. These sporting events took place at 33 venues in the host city and at five separate venues in the Brazilian cities of São Paulo, Belo Horizonte, Salvador, Brasília, and Manaus.

These were the first Olympic Games to be held in South America, as well as the first to be held in a Portuguese-speaking country, the first summer edition to be held entirely in the host country's winter season, the first since 1968 to be held in Latin America, and the first since 2000 to be held in the Southern Hemisphere. These were the first Summer Olympics to take place under the International Olympic Committee (IOC) presidency of Thomas Bach.

The United States topped the medal table, winning the most gold medals (46) and the highest number of medals overall (121); the US team also won its 1,000th Summer Olympic gold medal overall. Great Britain finished second and became only the second country in modern Olympic history to increase its tally of medals in the Olympiad immediately after being host nation. China finished third in the medal table. Host nation Brazil won seven gold medals, its largest tally at any single Summer Olympics, finishing in thirteenth place. Bahrain, Fiji, Ivory Coast, Jordan, Kosovo, Puerto Rico, Singapore, Tajikistan, and Vietnam each won their first gold medals, as did the group of Independent Olympic Athletes (from Kuwait).

Development and preparation

On 26 June 2011, it was reported on AroundTheRings.com that Roderlei Generali, the COO of the Rio de Janeiro Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games, resigned just one year after taking the job at ROOC. This came just five months after CCO Flávio Pestana quit for personal reasons. Pestana withdrew later during the 2012 Summer Paralympics, and Renato Ciuchin was then appointed as COO.

Venues and infrastructure

Venues of the 2016 Summer Olympics

Events took place at eighteen existing venues, nine new venues constructed specifically for the Games, and seven temporary venues.

Each event was held in one of four geographically segregated Olympic clusters–Barra, Copacabana, Deodoro, and Maracanã–as was done for the 2007 Pan American Games. Several of the venues were located at the Barra Cluster Olympic Park. Nearly half of the athletes could reach their venues in less than 10 minutes, and almost 75 per cent could do so in less than 25 minutes. Of the 34 competition venues, eight underwent some permanent works, seven were totally temporary and nine were constructed as permanent legacy venues.

The largest venue at the Games in terms of seating capacity was the 74,738-seat Maracanã Stadium, which served as the ceremonies venue and site of the football finals. The second largest stadium was the 60,000-seat Estádio Olímpico João Havelange, which hosted track and field events. The athletes' village was said to be the largest in Olympic history. Fittings included about 80,000 chairs, 70,000 tables, 29,000 mattresses, 60,000 clothes hangers, 6,000 television sets and 10,000 smartphones.

Olympic Park

Barra Olympic Park

The Barra Olympic Park is a cluster of nine sporting venues in Barra da Tijuca, in the west zone of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The site was formerly occupied by the Autódromo Internacional Nelson Piquet, also known as the Jacarepaguá Formula One circuit.

The nine venues within the Olympic Park were:

• Carioca Arena 1 – basketball (capacity: 16,000)
• Carioca Arena 2 – wrestling, judo (capacity: 10,000)
• Carioca Arena 3 – fencing, taekwondo (capacity: 10,000)
• Future Arena – handball (capacity: 12,000)
• Maria Lenk Aquatics Centre – diving, synchronized swimming, water polo (capacity: 5,000)
• Olympic Aquatics Stadium – swimming, water polo play-offs (capacity: 15,000)
• Olympic Tennis Centre – tennis (capacity: 10,000 Main Court)
• Rio Olympic Arena – gymnastics (capacity: 12,000)
• Rio Olympic Velodrome – track cycling (capacity: 5,000)

Medals

Medals of the 2016 Summer Olympics

The medals were produced by the Casa da Moeda do Brasil (the Brazilian mint). The medal design was unveiled on 15 June 2016. They were designed to be environmentally friendly using recycled materials; the bronze and silver medals contained 30% recycled materials. The gold medals were produced using gold that had been mined and extracted according to a set of sustainability criteria, such as being extracted without the use of mercury. The medals feature a wreath design on the front, and in keeping with tradition, the obverse features Nike, the Greek goddess of victory. A wooden carrying box accompanied each medal. Medalists were also awarded a trophy in the shape of the Games' emblem.

In May 2017, an Associated Press article disclosed that over 100 athletes who had won medals at the Rio Olympics reported that their medals were showing some damage, including black spots, flaking, or surface degrading. Rio officials offered to replace any defective medals and found problems with 6 to 7 percent of all those awarded.

Torch relay

Basketball player Anderson Varejão carrying the torch in São Paulo

Volunteers working at the Olympic Stadium during the Games

The Olympic flame was lit on 21 April 2016 at the Temple of Hera in Olympia, the traditional start of the Greek phase of the torch relay. The flame was handed over to the Brazilian organisers in a ceremony at the Panathenaic Stadium in Athens on 27 April. A brief stop-off was made in Switzerland to visit the IOC headquarters and the Olympic Museum in Lausanne, as well as the United Nations Office at Geneva.

The torch relay began its journey around Brazil on 3 May at the capital Brasília. The flame visited more than 300 Brazilian cities, including all 26 state capitals and the Brazilian Federal District. The relay ended in Rio de Janeiro on 5 August when the flame was used to light the Olympic cauldron during the opening ceremony.

The Games

Opening ceremony

A scene from the opening ceremony

The opening ceremony took place at Maracana Stadium on 5 August 2016, directed by Fernando Meirelles, Daniela Thomas, and Andrucha Waddington. The ceremony highlighted aspects of Brazilian history and culture, and featured a segment narrated by Fernanda Montenegro and Judi Dench with an appeal to environmental conservation and the prevention of global warming. The crowd in the stadium numbered 60,000 and the event was broadcast to an estimated global audience of three billion.

The ceremony included the inaugural presentation of the Olympic Laurel, an honor bestowed by the IOC on those that have made "significant achievements in education, culture, development and peace through sport"; the trophy was awarded to Kenyan athlete Kipchoge Keino. The Games were officially opened by the acting president of Brazil, Michel Temer.

The Olympic cauldron was lit by long-distance runner Vanderlei Cordeiro de Lima, the men's marathon bronze medalist at the 2004 Olympics, who had also received the IOC's Pierre de Coubertin medal for sportsmanship after being attacked by a spectator and losing his lead in the race. The cauldron was originally expected to be lit by Brazilian footballer Pelé, but he declined to participate due to health problems.

Following the opening ceremony, a public cauldron was lit in front of the Candelária Church by Jorge Gomes, a 14-year-old Brazilian athlete who had escaped from poverty to train as a runner.

Sports

Youth Arena

Deodoro Stadium

Olympic BMX Centre

Olympic Golf Course

The 2016 Summer Olympic program featured 28 sports encompassing 306 events. The number of events in each discipline is noted in parentheses.

New sports

In April 2008, the IOC began accepting applications for two new sports to be introduced to the Olympic programme. Baseball and softball (which were both dropped in 2005), karate, squash, golf, roller sports, and rugby union all applied to be included on the programme. Formal presentations were made to the IOC executive board in June 2009.

In August, the executive board initially gave its approval to rugby sevens—a seven-player version of rugby union—by a majority vote; baseball/softball, roller sports, and squash were removed from contention, leaving golf, karate, and rugby sevens in the running. A final vote was held on 9 October 2009, the closing day of the 121st IOC Session. At this session, a new voting system was in place: a sport now needed only a simple majority from the full IOC committee for approval rather than the two-thirds majority previously required.

The 121st IOC Session decided to add rugby sevens and golf to the Rio 2016 Olympic programme. The tally for rugby was 81 in favor, with eight against, and golf was approved by 63 votes to 26. Neither of these two sports is new to the Summer Olympics; rugby last featured in 1924, and golf in 1904.

In May 2012, the International Sailing Federation announced that windsurfing would be replaced by kitesurfing at the 2016 Olympics, but this decision was reversed in November.

Participating National Olympic Committees

Rio 2016 Olympic Village

All 205 National Olympic Committees qualified at least one athlete. The first three nations to qualify athletes for the Games were Germany, Great Britain, and the Netherlands, who each qualified four athletes for the team dressage by winning medals in the team event at the 2014 FEI World Equestrian Games.

As host nation, Brazil has received automatic entry for some sports including in all cycling disciplines and six places for weightlifting events.

The 2016 Summer Olympics were the first Games in which Kosovo and South Sudan were eligible to participate. Bulgarian and Russian weightlifters were banned from Rio Olympics for numerous anti-doping violations.

Kuwait was banned in October 2015 for the second time in five years over government interference in the country's Olympic committee.

Country by team size

Participating countries color code
Blue = Participated for the first time in 2016.
Green = Had previously participated.
Yellow circle is host city (Rio de Janeiro)

Number of athletes by National Olympic Committee

IOC	Country	Athletes
USA	United States	554
BRA	Brazil	465
GER	Germany	425
AUS	Australia	421
CHN	China	413
FRA	France	399
GBR	Great Britain	366
JPN	Japan	338
CAN	Canada	314
ITA	Italy	309
ESP	Spain	306
RUS	Russia	282
POL	Poland	243
NED	Netherlands	242
ARG	Argentina	213
KOR	South Korea	205
UKR	Ukraine	203
NZL	New Zealand	199
HUN	Hungary	160
SWE	Sweden	152
COL	Colombia	147
RSA	South Africa	137
MEX	Mexico	125
IND	India	124
DEN	Denmark	122
BLR	Belarus	121
CUB	Cuba	120
EGY	Egypt	120
BEL	Belgium	108
CZE	Czech Republic	105
KAZ	Kazakhstan	104
SRB	Serbia	104
SUI	Switzerland	104
TUR	Turkey	103
ROM	Romania	97
GRE	Greece	95
POR	Portugal	92
KEN	Kenya	89
CRO	Croatia	87
VEN	Venezuela	87
IRL	Ireland	77
NGR	Nigeria	75
AUT	Austria	71
UZB	Uzbekistan	70
JAM	Jamaica	68
LTU	Lithuania	67
ALG	Algeria	64
IRN	Iran	64
NOR	Norway	62
SLO	Slovenia	61
TUN	Tunisia	61
TPE	Chinese Taipei	60
AZE	Azerbaijan	56
FIN	Finland	56
THA	Thailand	54
BUL	Bulgaria	51
FIJ	Fiji	51
MAR	Morocco	51
SVK	Slovakia	51
ISR	Israel	48
EST	Estonia	45
MGL	Mongolia	43
CHI	Chile	42
PUR	Puerto Rico	42
GEO	Georgia	39
ECU	Ecuador	38
HKG	Hong Kong	38
QAT	Qatar	38
BHR	Bahrain	35
PRK	North Korea	35
ETH	Ethiopia	34
LAT	Latvia	34
MNE	Montenegro	34
ARM	Armenia	33
MAS	Malaysia	32
TTO	Trinidad and Tobago	32
ZIM	Zimbabwe	31
DOM	Dominican Republic	29
PER	Peru	29
BAH	Bahamas	28
INA	Indonesia	28
HON	Honduras	26
ANG	Angola	25
SGP	Singapore	25
CMR	Cameroon	24
IRQ	Iraq	23
MDA	Moldova	23
VIE	Vietnam	23
SEN	Senegal	22
GUA	Guatemala	21
UGA	Uganda	21
KGZ	Kyrgyzstan	19
URU	Uruguay	17
CYP	Cyprus	16
GHA	Ghana	14
PHI	Philippines	13
UAE	United Arab Emirates	13
BAR	Barbados	12
BOL	Bolivia	12
BOT	Botswana	12
ERI	Eritrea	12
CIV	Ivory Coast	12
MRI	Mauritius	12
KSA	Saudi Arabia	12
BIH	Bosnia and Herzegovina	11
PAR	Paraguay	11
CGO	Republic of the Congo	10
CRC	Costa Rica	10
HAI	Haiti	10
LUX	Luxembourg	10
NAM	Namibia	10
PAN	Panama	10
ROT	Refugee Olympic Team	10
SEY	Seychelles	10
ANT	Antigua and Barbuda	9
ARU	Aruba	9
BDI	Burundi	9
COK	Cook Islands	9
IOA	Independent Olympic Athletes	9
LIB	Lebanon	9
SRI	Sri Lanka	9
TKM	Turkmenistan	9
BER	Bermuda	8
ESA	El Salvador	8
ISL	Iceland	8
JOR	Jordan	8
KOS	Kosovo	8
LES	Lesotho	8
PNG	Papua New Guinea	8
RWA	Rwanda	8
SAM	Samoa	8
BAN	Bangladesh	7
DJI	Djibouti	7
GRN	Grenada	7
LBA	Libya	7
MLT	Malta	7
MYA	Myanmar	7
NEP	Nepal	7
PAK	Pakistan	7
SKN	Saint Kitts and Nevis	7
SYR	Syria	7
TJK	Tajikistan	7
TAN	Tanzania	7
TGA	Tonga	7
ISV	Virgin Islands	7
ZAM	Zambia	7
LAO	Laos	6
AFG	Afghanistan	6
ALB	Albania	6
BEN	Benin	6
CAM	Cambodia	6
CAF	Central African Republic	6
GAB	Gabon	6
GUY	Guyana	6
MKD	Macedonia	6
MAD	Madagascar	6
MLI	Mali	6
MOZ	Mozambique	6
NIG	Niger	6
PLE	Palestine	6
SUD	Sudan	6
SUR	Suriname	6
AND	Andorra	5
BUR	Burkina Faso	5
CPV	Cape Verde	5
CAY	Cayman Islands	5
GUM	Guam	5
GUI	Guinea	5
GBS	Guinea-Bissau	5
MAW	Malawi	5
MHL	Marshall Islands	5
FSM	Federated States of Micronesia	5
NCA	Nicaragua	5
PLW	Palau	5
LCA	Saint Lucia	5
TOG	Togo	5
ASA	American Samoa	4
IVB	British Virgin Islands	4
COM	Comoros	4
COD	Democratic Republic of the Congo	4
GAM	The Gambia	4
MDV	Maldives	4
OMA	Oman	4
VIN	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	4
SMR	San Marino	4
SLE	Sierra Leone	4
VAN	Vanuatu	4
BIZ	Belize	3
BRU	Brunei	3
LIE	Liechtenstein	3
MON	Monaco	3
STP	São Tomé and Príncipe	3
SOL	Solomon Islands	3
SSD	South Sudan	3
TLS	East Timor	3
YEM	Yemen	3
BHU	Bhutan	2
CHA	Chad	2
DMA	Dominica	2
GEQ	Equatorial Guinea	2
LBR	Liberia	2
MTN	Mauritania	2
NRU	Nauru	2
SOM	Somalia	2
SWZ	Swaziland	2
TUV	Tuvalu	1
Total	11,237

Refugee athletes

Refugee Olympic team arriving in Rio de Janeiro

Due to the European migrant crisis and other reasons, the IOC allowed athletes to compete as Independent Olympians under the Olympic Flag. During the previous Summer Olympic Games, refugees were ineligible to compete because of their inability to represent their home NOCs. On 2 March 2016, the IOC finalized plans for a specific Refugee Olympic Team (ROT); out of 43 refugee athletes deemed potentially eligible, 10 were chosen to form the team.

Independent athletes

Due to the suspension of the National Olympic Committee of Kuwait, participants from Kuwait were allowed to participate under the Olympic Flag as Independent Olympic Athletes.

In November 2015, Russia was provisionally suspended from all international track and field athletic competitions by the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) following a World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) report into a doping program in the country. The IAAF announced that it would allow individual Russian athletes to apply for "exceptional eligibility" to participate in the Games as "neutral" athletes if it was independently verified that they had not engaged in doping nor in the Russian doping program.

On 24 July 2016, the IOC rejected the IAAF and WADA's recommendations to allow athletes to compete neutrally, stating that the Olympic Charter "does not foresee such 'neutral athletes'" and that it was each country's National Olympic Committee decision on which athletes would be competing. As a result, Russian athletes competed under the Russian flag, although they would compete under a neutral flag in the 2018 Winter Olympics following several developments concerning the doping investigation.

National houses

During the Games, some countries and continents had a national house. These temporary meeting places for supporters, athletes and other followers were located throughout Rio de Janeiro.

Records

Twenty-seven world records and ninety-one Olympic records were set during the 2016 Summer Olympics. The records were set in archery, athletics, canoeing, cycling track, modern pentathlon, rowing, shooting, swimming, and weightlifting.

Medal table

The top ten listed NOCs by the number of gold medals are listed below. Host nation Brazil finished in 13th place with a total of 19 medals (7 gold, 6 silver, and 6 bronze).

  *   Host nation (Host nation (Brazil))

2016 Summer Olympics medal table

Rank	NOC	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Total
1	United States (USA)	46	37	38	121
2	Great Britain (GBR)	27	23	17	67
3	China (CHN)	26	18	26	70
4	Russia (RUS)	19	17	20	56
5	Germany (GER)	17	10	15	42
6	Japan (JPN)	12	8	21	41
7	France (FRA)	10	18	14	42
8	South Korea (KOR)	9	3	9	21
9	Italy (ITA)	8	12	8	28
10	Australia (AUS)	8	11	10	29
11–86	Remaining NOCs	125	150	181	456
Totals (86 entries)		307	307	359	973

Podium sweeps

Date	Sport	Event	NOC	Gold	Silver	Bronze
17 August	Athletics	Women's 100-meter hurdles	United States	Brianna Rollins	Nia Ali	Kristi Castlin

Event scheduling

The public cauldron, located outside the Candelária Church.

A number of events, most notably in aquatics, beach volleyball and track and field, were scheduled with sessions and matches occurring as late as 10:00 p.m. to midnight BRT. These scheduling practices were influenced primarily by United States broadcast rightsholder NBC.

Closing ceremony

2016 Summer Olympics closing ceremony at Maracanã Stadium

The closing ceremony of the 2016 Summer Olympics was held on 21 August 2016 from 20:00 to 22:50 BRT at the Maracanã Stadium. As per traditional Olympic protocol, the ceremony featured cultural presentations from both the current (Brazil) and following (Japan) host countries, as well as closing remarks by IOC president Thomas Bach, who declared the Games closed, and the Games' organizing committee leader Carlos Arthur Nuzman, the official handover of the Olympic flag from Rio de Janeiro mayor Eduardo Paes to Tokyo governor Yuriko Koike, whose city will host the 2020 Summer Olympics, and the extinguishing of the Olympic flame.

The creative director for the ceremony was Rosa Magalhães. Amid heavy rainfall, the ceremony began with interpretive dancers representing various landmarks in the host city. Martinho da Vila then performed a rendition of "Carinhoso [pt]" by Pixinguinha. In another segment, introducing the athletes, singer Roberta Sá channeled Carmen Miranda, the fruit-headdress-wearing, mid-century Hollywood diva who endures as a beloved camp figure. The Parade of Flags followed shortly after a choir of 27 children, representing the states of Brazil, sang the Brazilian national anthem.

Cost

Deodoro Olympic Whitewater Stadium

The Oxford Olympics Study 2016 estimated the out-turn cost of the Rio 2016 Summer Olympics at US$4.6 billion in 2015-dollars. This figure included sports-related costs, that is, (i) operational costs incurred by the organizing committee to stage the Games, of which the largest components were technology, transportation, workforce, and administration costs, while other operational costs included security, catering, ceremonies, and medical services, and (ii) direct capital costs incurred by the host city and country or private investors to build the competition venues, the Olympic village, international broadcast center, and media and press center, which were required to host the Games.

Olympic Golden Rings Awards

Olympic rings displayed in Rio de Janeiro.

In November 2017, the International Olympic Committee announced the winners of the Golden rings in six categories for the best broadcast coverage of the Games. The Best Olympic Sports Production was awarded to Beach Volleyball, produced by Geoff Johnson and directed by Greg Breakell and Gary Milkis. The production for the cycling road race and Sailing came second and third. The next category was the best Olympic feature, for which TV Globo's feature entitled Esporte Espetacular finished third, and China Central Television's feature A Sequel of Love came second. The winner was NBC Olympics for their feature The Most Beautiful Thing. The third category was The Best Athlete Profile, for which RTBF Radio Télévision de la Communauté Française de Belgique collected the third place prize for their profile of Nafi Thiam. TV Globo went one better than the previous category coming second with their profile of Izaquias Queiroz. The winner of the category again was NBC, this time for their piece on Wayde van Niekerk. The Best On-Air Promotion was announced next, with the BBC Sport winning with NBC coming second this time and Bulgarian National Television finishing third. The Best Olympic Digital Service went to NBC, with ZDF-German TV and SporTV/Globosat picking up the second and third places. The Best Olympic Programme was awarded to SporTV/Globosat, while TV Globo and BBC Sport completed the podium.

Marketing

Mascots

Vinicius (left), the mascot of the Rio 2016, and Tom (right), the mascot of the 2016 Summer Paralympics

On 24 November 2014, the official mascots of the 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics were unveiled, created by Sao Paulo-based animation company Birdo. The Olympic mascot Vinicius, named after musician Vinicius de Moraes, represents Brazilian wildlife and carries design traits of cats, monkeys, and birds. According to their fictional backgrounds, the mascots "were both born from the joy of Brazilians after it was announced that Rio would host the Games".

Brand director Beth Lula stated that the mascots were intended to reflect the diversity of Brazil's culture and people. The names of the mascots were determined by a public vote whose results were announced on 14 December 2014. The names, which reference the co-writers of the song "The Girl from Ipanema", won over two other sets of names, tallying 44 percent of 323,327 votes. At the Olympic wrestling events, coaches were given plush dolls of Vinicius to throw into the ring when they wished to challenge a referee's call.

Emblem

Sculpture of the Rio 2016 logo in Barra Olympic Park

The official emblem for the 2016 Summer Olympics was designed by Brazilian agency Tatíl Design and was unveiled on 31 December 2010, winning in a competition against 139 agencies. The emblem represents three figures joined at their arms and feet, with the overall shape reflecting that of Sugarloaf Mountain. It was also designed to have a three-dimensional form, which designer Fred Gelli claimed made it the first 3D logo in the history of the Olympics.

The logo has been noted as evoking Henri Matisse's painting Dance. There were also allegations by the Colorado-based Telluride Foundation that the logo had been plagiarized from its own; while also consisting of several figures linked in motion, the Telluride Foundation logo contains four figures. This is not the first time that the foundation had alleged plagiarism of its logo by a Brazilian event; in 2004, the linked figures element had been copied for the logo of Carnival celebrations in Salvador. Gelli defended the allegations, stating that the concept of figures linked in embrace was not inherently original, as it was "an ancient reference" and "in the collective unconscious." Gelli cited Dance as an influence of the logo's concept and stated that the designers had intentionally aimed to make the interpretation of the concept as dissimilar to others as possible.

Images for kids

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  A young girl adding her signature in support of Rio de Janeiro's candidacy.

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  The bid committee, led by Carlos Arthur Nuzman, giving a press conference.

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  Mauá Square, with the Museum of Tomorrow, designed by Santiago Calatrava, and the light rail.

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  Future Arena, a temporary venue designed for future reconstruction into school buildings

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  International Broadcast Centre, at Barra Olympic Park

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  Maracanã Stadium Rio de Janeiro, RJ

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  Olympic Stadium Rio de Janeiro, RJ

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  Arena da Amazônia Manaus, AM

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  Arena Corinthians São Paulo, SP

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  Arena Fonte Nova Salvador, BA

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  Estádio Nacional Brasília, DF

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  Mineirão Belo Horizonte, MG

See also

In Spanish: Juegos Olímpicos de Río de Janeiro 2016 para niños