Historical racial and ethnic demographics of the United States facts for kids
The way different groups of people are counted in the United States has changed a lot over time. This information helps us understand the country's history and how its population has grown and changed.
Contents
How We Know About Population Groups
Long ago, when America was still a group of British colonies, officials counted people by their race. They used tax lists and other reports to gather this information.
Since the very first United States Census in 1790, the U.S. government has counted people by their race. Over the years, the ways they count and the groups they list have changed. Sometimes new groups were added, and sometimes the definitions of old groups changed.
Big Changes Over Time
In the 1400s, Portuguese sailors explored West Africa and began trading for goods, including enslaved people. By the 1600s, the forced movement of Africans for slavery became a huge business, known as the Atlantic slave trade. Many enslaved Africans were brought to the Caribbean islands and later to parts of what became the United States.
In 1790, nearly one-fifth (about 20%) of the U.S. population was Black. However, this percentage slowly went down until 1930. For a long time, until World War I, most African Americans (about 90%) lived in the Southern U.S.. Before 1865, most of them were slaves.
During the 1900s, a big movement called the Great Migration happened. Over six million African Americans left the rural South. They moved to other parts of the U.S., especially to cities like New York City, Chicago, and Detroit. They were looking for better jobs, less violence, and less unfair treatment. Because of this, many northern cities saw a big increase in their Black populations.
White people have always been the largest group in the U.S., usually making up 80% to 90% of the population. For a long time, there were very few Hispanic people, Asian people, or Native Americans in the U.S., especially before the late 1900s. Most Asian Americans lived in the Western U.S..
In recent times, the number of Hispanic and Asian people in the U.S. has grown very quickly. The percentage of African Americans in the U.S. population is also slowly increasing again since it reached its lowest point in 1930.
Population Numbers by Group (1610–2020)
The U.S. Census has counted White and Black people since 1790. Asian and Native American people were counted starting in 1860, though all Native Americans weren't counted until 1890. A category for "some other race" was added in 1950, and "two or more races" in 2000. Hispanic people have been counted since 1940 (with a few exceptions).
Here are some tables showing how the numbers of different groups have changed over time:
| Race/Ethnic Group | 1610 | 1620 | 1630 | 1640 | 1650 | 1660 | 1670 | 1680 | 1690 | 1700 | 1710 | 1720 | 1730 | 1740 | 1750 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Population | 350 | 2,302 | 4,646 | 26,634 | 50,368 | 75,058 | 111,935 | 151,507 | 210,372 | 250,888 | 331,711 | 466,185 | 629,445 | 905,563 | 1,170,760 |
| White | 350 | 2,282 | 4,586 | 26,037 | 48,768 | 72,138 | 107,400 | 144,536 | 193,643 | 223,071 | 286,845 | 397,346 | 538,424 | 755,539 | 934,340 |
| White (%) | 100.0% | 99.1% | 98.7% | 97.8% | 96.8% | 96.1% | 95.9% | 95.4% | 91.9% | 88.9% | 86.4% | 85.2% | 85.5% | 83.4% | 79.8% |
| Black | 0 | 20 | 60 | 597 | 1,600 | 2,920 | 4,535 | 6,971 | 16,729 | 27,817 | 44,866 | 68,839 | 91,021 | 150,024 | 236,420 |
| Black/Negro (%) | 0.0% | 0.9% | 1.3% | 2.2% | 3.2% | 3.9% | 4.1% | 4.6% | 8.1% | 11.1% | 13.6% | 14.8% | 14.5% | 16.6% | 20.2% |
| Race/Ethnic Group | 1760 | 1770 | 1780 | 1790 | 1800 | 1810 | 1820 | 1830 | 1840 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Population | 1,593,625 | 2,148,076 | 2,780,369 | 3,929,214 | 5,308,483 | 7,239,881 | 9,638,453 | 12,860,702 | 17,063,353 |
| White | 1,267,819 | 1,688,254 | 2,204,949 | 3,172,006 | 4,306,446 | 5,862,073 | 7,866,797 | 10,532,060 | 14,189,705 |
| White % | 79.6 | 78.6 | 79.3 | 80.7 | 81.1 | 81.0 | 81.6 | 81.9 | 83.2 |
| Black | 325,806 | 459,822 | 575,420 | 757,208 | 1,002,037 | 1,377,808 | 1,771,656 | 2,328,642 | 2,873,648 |
| Black/Negro % | 20.4 | 21.4 | 20.7 | 19.3 | 18.9 | 19.0 | 18.4 | 18.1 | 16.8 |
| Race/Ethnic Group | 1850 | 1860 | 1870 | 1880 | 1890 | 1900 | 1910 | 1920 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Population | 23,191,876 | 31,443,321 | 38,558,371 | 50,155,783 | 62,947,714 | 75,994,575 | 91,972,266 | 105,710,620 |
| White | 19,553,068 | 26,922,537 | 33,589,377 | 43,402,970 | 55,101,258 | 66,809,196 | 81,731,957 | 94,820,915 |
| Black | 3,638,808 | 4,441,830 | 4,880,009 | 6,580,793 | 7,488,676 | 8,833,994 | 9,827,763 | 10,463,131 |
| American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut | 44,021 | 25,731 | 66,407 | 248,253 | 237,196 | 265,683 | 244,437 | |
| Asian and Pacific Islander | 34,933 | 63,254 | 105,613 | 109,527 | 114,189 | 146,863 | 182,137 | |
| Hispanic (of any race) | 116,943 | 155,000 | 393,555 | 503,189 | 797,994 | 1,286,154 | ||
| Non-Hispanic White | 19,438,451 | 43,065,679 | 66,374,317 | 81,043,248 | 93,604,612 |
| Race/Ethnic Group | 1930 | 1940 | 1950 | 1960 | 1970 | 1980 | 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Population | 122,775,046 | 131,669,275 | 150,697,361 | 179,323,175 | 203,210,158 | 226,545,805 | 248,709,873 | 281,421,906 | 308,745,538 | 331,449,281 |
| White | 110,286,740 | 118,214,870 | 134,942,028 | 158,831,732 | 178,119,221 | 188,371,622 | 199,686,070 | 211,460,626 | 223,553,265 | 204,277,273 |
| Black | 11,891,143 | 12,865,518 | 15,042,286 | 18,871,831 | 22,539,362 | 26,495,025 | 29,986,060 | 34,658,190 | 38,929,319 | 41,104,200 |
| American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut | 332,397 | 333,969 | 343,410 | 551,669 | 795,110 | 1,420,400 | 1,959,234 | 2,475,956 | 2,932,248 | 3,727,135 |
| Asian and Pacific Islander | 264,766 | 254,918 | 321,033 | 980,337 | 1,526,401 | 3,500,439 | 7,273,662 | 10,641,833 | 15,214,265 | 20,576,015 |
| Some other race | 48,604 | 87,606 | 230,064 | 6,758,319 | 9,804,847 | 15,359,073 | 19,107,368 | 27,915,715 | ||
| Two or more races | 6,826,228 | 9,009,073 | 33,848,943 | |||||||
| Hispanic (of any race) | 2,021,820 | 3,231,409 | 5,814,784 | 8,920,940 | 14,608,673 | 22,354,059 | 35,305,818 | 50,477,594 | 62,080,044 | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 116,261,189 | 131,805,405 | 153,217,498 | 169,622,593 | 180,256,366 | 188,128,296 | 194,552,774 | 196,817,552 | 191,697,647 |
| Race/Ethnic Group | 1790 | 1800 | 1810 | 1820 | 1830 | 1840 | 1850 | 1860 | 1870 | 1880 | 1890 | 1900 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | 80.7% | 81.1% | 81.0% | 81.6% | 81.9% | 83.2% | 84.3% | 85.6% | 87.1% | 86.5% | 87.5% | 87.9% |
| Black | 19.3% | 18.9% | 19.0% | 18.4% | 18.1% | 16.8% | 15.7% | 14.1% | 12.7% | 13.1% | 11.9% | 11.6% |
| American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.4% | 0.3% | |||||||
| Asian and Pacific Islander | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | |||||||
| Hispanic (of any race) | 0.5% | 0.8% | 0.7% | |||||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 83.8% | 85.9% | 87.3% |
| Race/Ethnic Group | 1910 | 1920 | 1930 | 1940 | 1950 | 1960 | 1970 | 1980 | 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | 88.9% | 89.7% | 89.8% | 89.8% | 89.5% | 88.6% | 87.7% | 83.1% | 80.3% | 75.1% | 72.4% | 61.6% |
| Black | 10.7% | 9.9% | 9.7% | 9.8% | 10.0% | 10.5% | 11.1% | 11.7% | 12.1% | 12.3% | 12.6% | 12.4% |
| Native | 0.3% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.6% | 0.8% | 0.9% | 0.9% | 1.1% |
| Asian | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.5% | 0.8% | 1.5% | 2.9% | 3.8% | 4.9% | 6.2% |
| Other race | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 3.0% | 3.9% | 5.5% | 6.2% | 8.4% | ||||
| Two or more races | 2.4% | 2.9% | 10.2% | |||||||||
| Hispanic (of any race) | 0.9% | 1.2% | 1.5% | 2.1% | 3.2% | 4.4% | 6.4% | 9.0% | 12.5% | 16.3% | 18.7% | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 88.1% | 88.5% | 88.3% | 87.5% | 85.4% | 83.5% | 79.6% | 75.6% | 69.1% | 63.7% | 57.8% |
a These numbers include a small number of Native Americans as part of the Black population from 1610–1780. b Before 1890, not all Native Americans were counted as part of the total U.S. population. The U.S. Census Bureau made estimates for those not counted. c Data from the 2000, 2010, and 2020 censuses are different from earlier ones because people could choose more than one race. This led to many people identifying as multiracial.
Population by Race and Age (2010 Census)
This table shows how different racial groups were divided by age in 2010.
| U.S. 100% | White alone 72.41% | Black alone 12.61% | Mixed* 9.11% | Asian alone 4.75% | American Indian and Alaska Native alone 0.95% | Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone 0.17% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population 0–14 | 61 227 213 | 39 826 806 | 8 819 453 | 9 009 537 | 2 707 849 | 732 923 | 130 645 |
| Percent group 0–14 in race | 19.83% | 17.82% | 22.66% | 32.04% | 18.45% | 25.00% | 24.19% |
| Population 0–14 compared to racial groups | 100% | 65.05% | 14.40% | 14.71% | 4.42% | 1.20% | 0.21% |
| Population 15–49 | 148 469 487 | 103 153 069 | 20 084 707 | 15 334 191 | 8 065 404 | 1 527 690 | 304 426 |
| Proportions 0–14 to 15–49 | 0.41239 | 0.38609 | 0.43911 | 0.58755 | 0.3357 | 0.47976 | 0.42915 |
- "Mixed" includes "Some other race," "Two or more races," and other mixed groups.
| Age group | U.S. 100% (percent of the population) | White alone 72.41% (percent in the race/percent in the age group) | Black alone 12.61% (percent in the race/percent in the age group) | Mixed 9.11% (percent in the race/percent in the age group) | Asian alone 4.75% (percent in the race/percent in the age group) | American Indian and Alaska Native alone 0.95% (percent in the race/percent in the age group) | Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone 0.17% (percent in the race/percent in the age group) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 308 745 538 | 223 553 265 | 38 929 319 | 28 116 441 | 14 674 252 | 2 932 248 | 540 013 |
| 0–4 | 20 201 362 (6.5%) | 12 795 675 (5.7%/63.34%) | 2 902 590 (7.5%/14.37%) | 3 315 480 (11.8%/16.41%) | 898 011 (6.1%/4.45%) | 244 615 (8.3%/1.21%) | 44 991 (8.3%/0.22%) |
| 5–9 | 20 348 657 (6.6%) | 13 293 799 (5.9%/65.33%) | 2 882 597 (7.4%/14.17%) | 2 957 487 (10.5%/14.53%) | 928 248 (6.3%/4.56%) | 243 259 (8.3%/1.20%) | 43 267 (8.0%/0.21%) |
| 10–14 | 20 677 194 (6.7%) | 13 737 332 (6.1%/66.44%) | 3 034 266 (7.8%/14.67%) | 2 736 570 (9.7%/13.23%) | 881 590 (6.0%/4.26%) | 245 049 (8.4%/1.19%) | 42 387 (7.8%/0.20%) |
| 15–19 | 22 040 343 (7.1%) | 14 620 638 (6.5%/66.35%) | 3 448 051 (8.9%/15.64%) | 2 704 571 (9.6%/12.27%) | 956 028 (6.5%/4.34%) | 263 805 (9.0%/1.20%) | 47 250 (8.7%/0.21%) |
| 20–24 | 21 585 999 (7.0%) | 14 535 947 (6.5%/67.34%) | 3 111 397 (8.0%/14.41%) | 2 538 967 (9.0%/11.76%) | 1 106 222 (7.5%/5.12%) | 240 716 (8.2%/1.12%) | 52 750 (9.8%/0.24%) |
| 25–29 | 21 101 849 (6.8%) | 14 345 364 (6.4%/67.98%) | 2 786 254 (7.2%/13.20%) | 2 464 343 (8.8%/11.68%) | 1 234 322 (8.4%/5.85%) | 221 654 (7.6%/1.05%) | 49 912 (9.2%/0.24%) |
| 30–34 | 19 962 099 (6.5%) | 13 573 270 (6.1%/68.00%) | 2 627 925 (6.8%/13.16%) | 2 273 322 (8.1%/11.39%) | 1 240 906 (8.5%/6.22%) | 202 928 (6.9%/1.02%) | 43 748 (8.1%/0.22%) |
| 35–39 | 20 179 642 (6.5%) | 13 996 797 (6.3%/69.36%) | 2 613 389 (6.7%/12.95%) | 2 038 408 (7.2%/10.10%) | 1 296 301 (8.8%/6.42%) | 196 017 (6.7%/0.97%) | 38 730 (7.2%/0.19%) |
| 40–44 | 20 890 964 (6.8%) | 15 052 798 (6.7%/72.05%) | 2 669 034 (6.9%/12.78%) | 1 782 463 (6.3%/8.53%) | 1 155 565 (7.9%/5.53%) | 194 713 (6.6%/0.93%) | 36 391 (6.7%/0.17%) |
| 45–49 | 22 708 591 (7.4%) | 17 028 255 (7.6%/74.99%) | 2 828 657 (7.3%/12.46%) | 1 532 117 (5.4%/6.75%) | 1 076 060 (7.3%/4.74%) | 207 857 (7.1%/0.92%) | 35 645 (6.6%/0.16%) |
| 50–54 | 22 298 125 (7.2%) | 17 178 632 (7.7%/77.04%) | 2 694 247 (6.9%/12.08%) | 1 222 175 (4.3%/5.48%) | 980 282 (6.7%/4.40%) | 191 893 (6.5%/0.86%) | 30 896 (5.7%/0.14%) |
| 55–59 | 19 664 805 (6.4%) | 15 562 187 (7.0%/79.14%) | 2 205 820 (5.7%/11.22%) | 873 943 (3.1%/4.44%) | 844 490 (5.8%/4.29%) | 154 320 (5.3%/0.78%) | 24 045 (4.5%/0.12%) |
| 60–64 | 16 817 924 (5.4%) | 13 693 334 (6.1%/81.42%) | 1 686 695 (4.3%/10.03%) | 611 144 (2.2%/3.63%) | 689 601 (4.7%/4.10%) | 118 362 (4.0%/0.70%) | 18 788 (3.5%/0.11%) |
| 65–69 | 12 435 263 (4.0%) | 10 313 002 (4.6%/82.93%) | 1 162 577 (3.0%/9.35%) | 394 208 (1.4%/3.17%) | 474 327 (3.2%/3.81%) | 79 079 (2.7%/0.64%) | 12 070 (2.2%/0.10%) |
| 70–74 | 9 278 166 (3.0%) | 7 740 932 (3.5%/83.43%) | 852 317 (2.2%/9.19%) | 268 574 (1.0%/2.89%) | 354 268 (2.4%/3.82%) | 53 926 (1.8%/0.58%) | 8 149 (1.5%/0.09%) |
| 75–79 | 7 317 795 (2.4%) | 6 224 569 (2.8%/85.06%) | 616 789 (1.6%/8.43%) | 184 596 (0.7%/2.52%) | 251 210 (1.7%/3.43%) | 35 268 (1.2%/0.48%) | 5 363 (1.0%/0.07%) |
| 80–84 | 5 743 327 (1.9%) | 5 002 427 (2.2%/87.10%) | 424 592 (1.1%/7.39%) | 122 249 (0.4%/2.13%) | 168 879 (1.2%/2.94%) | 21 963 (0.7%/0.38%) | 3 217 (0.6%/0.06%) |
| 85+ | 5 493 433 (1.8%) | 4 858 307 (2.2%/88.44%) | 382 122 (1.0%/6.96%) | 95 824 (0.3%/1.74%) | 137 942 (0.9%/2.51%) | 16 824 (0.6%/0.31%) | 2 414 (0.4%/0.04%) |
Population by Race (Estimates)
These tables show estimated populations for different racial and ethnic groups.
| Year | USA | White alone | White alone (Non-Hispanic) | Black alone | Black alone (Non-Hispanic) | Asian alone | American Indian and Alaska Native alone | Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone | Some other race | Two or more races | White and Black | White and Asian | White and American Indian and Alaska Native | Black and American Indian and Alaska Native | Two or more races (Other) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2010 | 309,349,689 | 229,397,472 (74.15%) | 196,929,412 (63.66%) | 38,874,625 (12.57%) | 37,897,524 (12.25%) | 14,728,302 (4.76%) | 2,553,566 (0.83%) | 507,916 (0.16%) | 14,889,440 (4.81%) | 8,398,368 (2.71%) | 2,028,521 (0.66%) | 1,558,860 (0.50%) | 1,705,454 (0.55%) | 289,341 (0.09%) | 2,816,192 (0.91%) |
| 2011 | 311 591 919 | 230 838 975 (74.08%) | 197 084 523 (63.25%) | 39,189,528 (12.58%) | 38,148,876 (12.24%) | 15 020 419 (4.82%) | 2 547 006 (0.82%) | 506 017 (0.16%) | 14 768 156 (4.74%) | 8 721 818 (2.80%) | 2 174 782 (0.70%) | 1 652 866 (0.53%) | 1 734 245 (0.56%) | 302 250 (0.10%) | 2 857 675 (0.92%) |
| 2012 | 313 914 040 | 231 992 377 (73.90%) | 197 243 423 (62.83%) | 39,623,138 (12.62%) | 38,464,192 (12.25%) | 15 555 530 (4.96%) | 2 563 505 (0.82%) | 543 198 (0.17%) | 14 562 678 (4.64%) | 9 073 614 (2.89%) | 2 275 588 (0.72%) | 1 733 309 (0.55%) | 1 799 343 (0.57%) | 316 788 (0.10%) | 2 948 586 (0.94%) |
| 2013 | 316 128 839 | 232 969 901 (73.70%) | 197 392 411 (62.44%) | 39,919,371 (12.63%) | 38,807,755 (12.28%) | 16 012 120 (5.07%) | 2 521 131 (0.80%) | 525 750 (0.17%) | 14 811 025 (4.69%) | 9 369 541 (2.96%) | 2 408 065 (0.76%) | 1 840 160 (0.58%) | 1 832 055 (0.58%) | 318 286 (0.10%) | 2 970 975 (0.94%) |
| 2014 | 318 857 056 | 233 963 128 (73.38%) | 197 409 353 (61.91%) | 40,379,066 (12.66%) | 39,267,149 (12.31%) | 16 686 960 (5.23%) | 2 601 714 (0.82%) | 557 154 (0.17%) | 15 063 263 (4.72%) | 9 605 771 (3.01%) | 2 518 746 (0.79%) | 1 929 461 (0.61%) | 1 881 024 (0.59%) | 312 454 (0.10%) | 2 964 086 (0.93%) |
| 2015 | 321 418 821 | 234 940 100 (73.09%) | 197 534 496 (61.46%) | 40,695,277 (12.66%) | 39,597,600 (12.32%) | 17 273 777 (5.37%) | 2 597 249 (0.81%) | 554 946 (0.17%) | 15 375 942 (4.78%) | 9 981 530 (3.11%) | 2 654 878 (0.83%) | 2 038 169 (0.63%) | 1 911 158 (0.59%) | 305 975 (0.10%) | 3 071 350 (0.96%) |
| 2016 | 323 127 515 | 234 644 039 (72.62%) | 197 479 450 (61.12%) | 40,893,369 (12.66%) | 39,717,127 (12.29%) | 17 556 935 (5.43%) | 2 676 399 (0.83%) | 595 986 (0.18%) | 16 334 352 (5.06%) | 10 426 435 (3.23%) | 2 818 186 (0.87%) | 2 168 592 (0.67%) | 1 926 535 (0.60%) | 333 113 (0.10%) | 3 180 009 (0.98%) |
| 2017 | 325 719 178 | 235 507 457 (72.30%) | 197 285 202 (60.57%) | 41,393,491 (12.71%) | 40,129,593 (12.32%) | 18 215 328 (5.59%) | 2 726 278 (0.84%) | 608 219 (0.19%) | 16 552 940 (5.08%) | 10 715 465 (3.29%) | 2 965 541 (0.91%) | 2 230 662 (0.68%) | 1 908 749 (0.59%) | 316 918 (0.10%) | 3 293 595 (1.01%) |
| 2018 | 327 167 439 | 236 173 020 (72.19%) | 197 033 939 (60.22%) | 41,617,764 (12.72%) | 40,305,870 (12.32%) | 18 415 198 (5.63%) | 2 801 587 (0.86%) | 626 054 (0.19%) | 16 253 785 (4.97%) | 11 280 031 (3.45%) | 3 179 968 (0.97%) | 2 454 776 (0.75%) | 1 886 971 (0.58%) | 311 267 (0.10%) | 3 447 049 (1.05%) |
| 2019 | 328 239 523 | 236 475 401 (72.04%) | 196 789 401 (59.95%) | 41,989,671 (12.79%) | 40,596,040 (12.37%) | 18 636 984 (5.68%) | 2 847 336 (0.87%) | 628 683 (0.19%) | 16 352 553 (4.98%) | 11 308 895 (3.45%) | 3 276 186 (1.00%) | 2 502 591 (0.76%) | 1 845 910 (0.56%) | 298 099 (0.09%) | 3 386 109 (1.03%) |
Black Population (2000 and 2010)
| Black group | 2000 | 2010 |
|---|---|---|
| Black alone (% in USA) | 34 658 190 (12.32%) | 38 929 319 (12.61%) |
| Black in combination with other races (% in USA/% in group) | 1 761 244 (0.63%/4.84%) | 3 091 424 (1.00%/7.36%) |
| Black alone or in combination with other races (% in USA) | 36 419 434 (12.94%) | 42 020 743 (13.61%) |
| Black alone (Not Hispanic) (% of Blacks) | 33 947 837 (97.95%) | 37 685 848 (96.81%) |
| Black in combination with other races (Not Hispanic) (% in this group/% in their group) | 1 435 914 (81.53%/4.06%) | 2 437 677 (78.85%/6.08%) |
| Black alone or in combination with other races (Not Hispanic) (% in USA) | 35 383 751 (12.57%) | 40 123 525 (13.00%) |
| Black alone (Hispanic) (% of Blacks) | 710 353 (2.05%) | 1 243 471 (3.19%) |
| Black in combination with other races (Hispanic) (% in this group/% in their group) | 325 330 (18.47%/31.41%) | 653 747 (21.15%/34.46%) |
| Black alone or in combination with other races (Hispanic) (% in USA) | 1 035 683 (0.37%) | 1 897 218 (0.61%) |
Hispanic or Latino (Estimates) Hispanic population (2000 and 2010)
| Hispanic group | 2000 (% in USA/% in Hispanic group) | 2010 (% in USA/% in Hispanic group) |
|---|---|---|
| Total | 35 305 818 (12.55%/100%) | 50 477 594 (16.35/100%) |
| Mexican | 20 640 711 (7.33%/58.46%) | 31 798 258 (10.30%/62.99%) |
| Puerto Rican | 3 406 178 (1.21%/9.65%) | 4 623 716 (1.50%/9.16%) |
| Cuban | 1 241 685 (0.44%/3.52%) | 1 785 547 (0.58%/3.54%) |
| Dominican | 764 945 (0.27%/2.17%) | 1 414 703 (0.46%/2.80%) |
| Costa Rican | 68 588 (0.02%/0.19%) | 126 418 (0.04%/0.25%) |
| Guatemalan | 372 487 (0.14%/1.06%) | 1 044 209 (0.34%/2.07%) |
| Honduran | 217 569 (0.08%/0.62%) | 633 401 (0.21%/1.25%) |
| Nicaraguan | 177 684 (0.06%/0.50%) | 348 202 (0.11%/0.69%) |
| Panamanian | 91 723 (0.03%/0.26%) | 165 456 (0.05%/0.33%) |
| Salvadoran | 655 165 (0.23%/1.86%) | 1 648 968 (0.53%/3.27%) |
| Other Central American | 103 721 (0.04%/0.29%) | 31 626 (0.01%/0.06%) |
| Argentinean | 100 864 (0.04%/0.29%) | 224 952 (0.07%/0.45%) |
| Bolivian | 42 068 (0.01%/0.12%) | 99 210 (0.03%/0.20%) |
| Chilean | 68 849 (0.02%/0.20%) | 126 810 (0.04%/0.25%) |
| Colombian | 470 684 (0.17%/1.33%) | 908 734 (0.29%/1.80%) |
| Ecuadorian | 260 559 (0.09%/0.74%) | 564 631 (0.18%/1.12%) |
| Paraguayan | 8 769 (<0.01%/0.02%) | 20 023 (0.01%/0.04%) |
| Peruvian | 233 926 (0.08%/0.66%) | 531 358 (0.17%/1.05%) |
| Uruguayan | 18 804 (0.01%/0.05%) | 56 884 (0.02%/0.11%) |
| Venezuelan | 91 507 (0.03%/0.26%) | 215 023 (0.07%/0.43%) |
| Other South American | 57 532 (0.02%/0.16%) | 21 809 (0.01%/0.04%) |
| Spaniard | 100 135 (0.04%/0.28%) | 635 253 (0.21%/1.26%) |
| All other Hispanic or Latino | 6 111 665 (2.17%/17.31%) | 3 452 403 (1.12%/6.84%) |
Hispanic or Latino Population by Type of Origin and Race: 2010
| Origin | Total Hispanic population (% in Hispanic Group/% in USA) | White (% in group) | Black (% in group) | American Indian and Alaska Native (% in group) | Asian (% in group) | Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander (% in group) | Some Other Race (% in group) | Two or More Races (% in group) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Hispanic | 50 477 594 (100%/16.35%) | 26 735 713 (52.97%) | 1 243 471 (2.46%) | 685 150 (1.36%) | 209 128 (0.41%) | 58 437 (0.12%) | 18 503 103 (36.66%) | 3 042 592 (6.03%) |
| Central American | 35 976 538 (71.27%/11.65%) | 18 491 777 (51.40%) | 425 389 (1.18%) | 523 432 (1.45%) | 113 846 (0.32%) | 34 096 (0.10%) | 14 332 437 (39.84%) | 1 875 561 (5.21%) |
| Mexican | 31 798 258 (62.99%/10.30%) | 16 794 111 (52.81%) | 296 778 (0.93%) | 460 098 (1.45%) | 101 654 (0.32%) | 24 600 (0.08%) | 12 544 645 (39.45%) | 1 576 372 (4.96%) |
| Guatemalan | 1 044 209 (2.07%/0.34%) | 401 763 (38.48%) | 11 471 (1.10%) | 31 197 (2.99%) | 2 386 (0.23%) | 7 251 (0.69%) | 515 394 (49.36%) | 74 747 (7.16%) |
| Salvadoran | 1 648 968 (3.27%/0.53%) | 663 224 (50.22%) | 16 150 (0.98%) | 17 682 (1.07%) | 4 737 (0.29%) | 1 105 (0.07%) | 832 805 (50.50%) | 113 265 (6.87%) |
| Other Central American | 1 305 103 (2.59%/0.42%) | 632 679 (48.48%) | 100 990 (7.74%) | 14 455 (1.11%) | 5 069 (0.39%) | 1 140 (0.09%) | 439 593 (33.68%) | 111 177 (8.52%) |
| South American | 2 769 434 (5.49%/0.90%) | 1 825 468 (65.91%) | 37 786 (1.36%) | 21 053 (0.76%) | 12 224 (0.44%) | 1 079 (0.04%) | 690 073 (24,92%) | 181 751 (6.56%) |
| Caribbean | 7 823 966 (15.50%/2.53%) | 4 400 071 (56.24%) | 667 775 (8.53%) | 64 689 (0.83%) | 32 759 (0.42%) | 12 814 (0.16%) | 2 039 263 (26.06%) | 606 595 (7.75%) |
| Cuban | 1 785 547 (3.54%/0.58%) | 1 525 521 (85.44%) | 82 398 (4.61%) | 3 002 (0.17%) | 4 391 (0.25%) | 774 (0.04%) | 103 499 (5.80%) | 65 962 (3.69%) |
| Dominican | 1 414 703 (2.80%/0.46%) | 419 016 (29.62%) | 182 005 (12.87%) | 19 183 (1.36%) | 4 056 (0.29%) | 1 279 (0.09%) | 651 339 (46.04%) | 137 825 (9.74%) |
| Puerto Rican | 4 623 716 (9.16%/1.50%) | 2 455 534 (53.11%) | 403 372 (8.72%) | 42 504 (0.92%) | 24 312 (0.53%) | 10 761 (0.23%) | 1 284 425 (27.78%) | 402 808 (8.71%) |
| All other Hispanic | 4 087 656 (8.10%/1.32%) | 2 018 397 (49.38%) | 112 521 (2.75%) | 75 976 (1.86%) | 50 299 (1.23%) | 10 448 (0.26%) | 1 441 330 (35.26%) | 378 685 (9.26%) |
Hispanic or Latino 2010–2017 (Estimates)
| Year | USA | Hispanic or Latino | White (in group/in USA) | Black (in group/in USA) | Asian (in group/in USA) | American Indian and Alaska Native (in group/in USA) | Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander (in group/in USA) | Some other race (in group/in USA) | Two or more races (in group/in USA) | Mexican (in group/in USA) | Puerto Rican (in group/in USA) | Cuban (in group/in USA) | Other Hispanic (in group/in USA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2010 | 309 349 689 | 50 740 089 (16.40%) | 32 468 060 (63.99%/10.50%) | 977 101 (1.93%/0.32%) | 162 038 (0.32%/0.05%) | 479 043 (0.94%/0.15%) | 33 117 (0.07%/0.01%) | 14 331 229 (28.24%/4.63%) | 2 289 501 (4.51%/0.74%) | 32 929 683 (64.90%/10.64%) | 4 691 890 (9.25%/1.52%) | 1 873 585 (3.69%/0.61%) | 11 244 931 (22.16%/3.64%) |
| 2011 | 311 591 919 | 51 939 916 (16.67%) | 33 754 452 (64.99%/10.83%) | 1 040 652 (2.00%/0.33%) | 165 431 (0.32%/0.05%) | 460 011 (0.89%/0.15%) | 36 076 (0.07%/0.01%) | 14 202 943 (27.34%/4.56%) | 2 280 351 (4.39%/0.73%) | 33 557 922 (64.61%/10.77%) | 4 885 294 (9.41%/1.57%) | 1 891 014 (3.64%/0.61%) | 11 605 686 (22.34%/3.72%) |
| 2012 | 313 914 040 | 52 961 017 (16.87%) | 34 748 954 (65.61%/11.14%) | 1 158 946 (2.19%/0.37%) | 180 070 (0.34%/0.06%) | 479 033 (0.90%/0.15%) | 45 391 (0.09%/0.01%) | 13 947 953 (26.34%/4.44%) | 2 400 670 (4.53%/0.76%) | 34 038 599 (64.27%/10.84%) | 4 970 604 (9.39%/1.58%) | 1 957 557 (3.70%/0.62%) | 11 994 257 (22.65%/3.82%) |
| 2013 | 316 128 839 | 53 986 412 (17.08%) | 35 577 490 (65.90%/11.25%) | 1 111 616 (2.06%/0.35%) | 170 781 (0.32%/0.05%) | 461 674 (0.86%/0.15%) | 43 322 (0.08%/0.01%) | 14 169 602 (26.25%/4.48%) | 2 451 927 (4.54%/0.78%) | 34 586 088 (64.06%/10.94%) | 5 138 109 (9.52%/1.63%) | 2 013 155 (3.73%/0.64%) | 12 249 060 (22.69%/3.87%) |
| 2014 | 318 857 056 | 55 279 452 (17.34%) | 36 553 775 (66.13%/11.46%) | 1 111 917 (2.01%/0.35%) | 173 308 (0.31%/0.05%) | 498 292 (0.90%/0.16%) | 49 604 (0.09%/0.02%) | 14 384 163 (26.02%/4.51%) | 2 508 393 (4.54%/0.79%) | 35 320 579 (63.89%/11.08%) | 5 266 738 (9.53%/1.65%) | 2 046 805 (3.70%/0.64%) | 12 645 330 (22.88%/3.97%) |
| 2015 | 321 418 821 | 56 496 122 (17.58%) | 37 405 604 (66.21%/11.64%) | 1 097 677 (1.94%/0.34%) | 192 684 (0.34%/0.06%) | 527 604 (0.93%/0.16%) | 52 070 (0.09%/0.02%) | 14 676 633 (25.98%/4.57%) | 2 543 850 (4.50%/0.79%) | 35 797 080 (63.36%/11.14%) | 5 372 759 (9.51%/1.67%) | 2 106 501 (3.73%/0.66%) | 13 219 782 (23.40%/4.11%) |
| 2016 | 323 127 515 | 57 398 719 (17.76%) | 37 164 589 (64.75%/11.50%) | 1 176 242 (2.05%/0.36%) | 211 742 (0.37%/0.07%) | 550 764 (0.96%/0.17%) | 62 311 (0.11%/0.02%) | 15 576 077 (27.14%/4.82%) | 2 656 994 (4.63%/0.82%) | 36 255 589 (63.16%/11.22%) | 5 450 472 (9.50%/1.69%) | 2 212 566 (3.85%/0.68%) | 13 480 092 (23.49%/4.17%) |
| 2017 | 325 719 178 | 58 846 134 (18.07%) | 38 222 255 (64.95%/11.73%) | 1 263 898 (2.15%/0.39%) | 215 482 (0.37%/0.07%) | 581 116 (0.99%/0.18%) | 61 441 (0.10%/0.02%) | 15 719 042 (26.71%/4.83%) | 2 782 900 (4.73%/0.84%) | 36 668 018 (62.31%/11.26%) | 5 588 664 (9.50%/1.72%) | 2 315 863 (3.94%/0.71%) | 14 273 589 (24.26%/4.38%) |
Asian Population (2000 and 2010)
| Asian group | Asian alone 2000 (% in USA in Total/% in Asian group) | Asian alone 2010 (% in USA in Total/% in Asian group) | Asian in combination with other races 2000 (% in group) | Asian in combination with other races 2010 (% in group) | Asian alone or in combination with other races 2000 (% in USA in Total/% in Asian group) | Asian alone or in combination with other races 2010 (% in USA in Total/% in Asian group) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 10 242 998 (3.64%) | 14 674 252 (4.75%) | 1 655 830 (13.81%) | 2 646 604 (15.28%) | 11 989 828 (4.26%) | 17 320 856 (5.61%) |
| Asian Indian | 1 718 778 (0.61%/16.78%) | 2 918 807 (0.95%/19.89%) | 180 821 (9.52%) | 264 256 (8.30%) | 1 899 599 (0.68%/15.84%) | 3 183 063 (1.03%/18.38%) |
| Bangladeshi | 46 905 (0.02%/0.46%) | 142 080 (0.05%/0.97%) | 10 507 (18.30%) | 5 220 (3.54%) | 57 412 (0.02%/0.48%) | 147 300 (0.05%/0.85%) |
| Bhutanese | 192 (<0.01%/<0.01%) | 18 814 (0.01%/0.13%) | 20 (9.43%) | 625 (3.22%) | 212 (<0.01%/<0.01% | 19 439 (0.01%/0.11%) |
| Burmese | 14 620 (0.01%/0.14%) | 95 536 (0.03%/0.65%) | 2 100 (12.56%) | 4 664 (4.65%) | 16 720 (0.01%/0.14%) | 100 200 (0.03%/0.58%) |
| Cambodian | 183 769 (0.07%/1.79%) | 255 497 (0.08%/1.74%) | 22 283 (10.81%) | 21 170 (7.65%) | 206 052 (0.07%/1.72%) | 276 667 (0.09%/1.60%) |
| Chinese | 2 564 190 (0.91%/25.03%) | 3 535 382 (1.15%/24.09%) | 301 042 (10.51%) | 474 732 (11.84%) | 2 865 232 (1.02%/23.90%) | 4 010 114 (1.30%/23.15%) |
| Chinese except Taiwanese | 2 432 046 (0.86%/23.74%) | 3 322 350 (1.08%/22.64%) | 288 391 (10.60%) | 457 382 (12.10%) | 2 720 437 (0.97%/22.69%) | 3 779 732 (1.22%/21.82%) |
| Taiwanese | 118 827 (0.04%/1.16%) | 199 192 (0.06%/1.36%) | 11 564 (8.87%) | 16 249 (7.54%) | 130 391 (0.05%/1.09%) | 215 441 (0.07%/1.24%) |
| Filipino | 1 908 125 (0.68%/18.63%) | 2 649 973 (0.86%/18.06%) | 456 690 (19.31%) | 766 867 (22.44%) | 2 364 815 (0.84%/19.72%) | 3 416 840 (1.11%/19.73%) |
| Hmong | 174 712 (0.06%/1.71%) | 252 323 (0.08%/1.72%) | 11 598 (6.23%) | 7 750 (2.98%) | 186 310 (0.07%/1.55%) | 260 073 (0.08%/1.50%) |
| Indonesian | 44 186 (0.02%/0.43%) | 70 096 (0.02%/0.48%) | 18 887 (29.94%) | 25 174 (26.42%) | 63 073 (0.02%/0.53%) | 95 270 (0.03%/0.55%) |
| Iwo Jiman | 18 (<0.01%/<0.01%) | 2 (<0.01%/<0.01%) | 60 (76.92%) | 10 (83.33%) | 78 (<0.01%/<0.01%) | 12 (<0.01%/<0.01%) |
| Japanese | 852 237 (0.30%/8.32%) | 841 824 (0.27%/5.74%) | 296 695 (25.82%) | 462 462 (35.46%) | 1 148 932 (0.41%/9.58%) | 1 304 286 (0.42%/7.53%) |
| Korean | 1 099 422 (0.39%/10.73%) | 1 463 474 (0.47%/9.97%) | 129 005 (10.50%) | 243 348 (14.26%) | 1 228 427 (0.44%/10.25%) | 1 706 822 (0.55%/9.85%) |
| Laotian | 179 103 (0.06%/1.75%) | 209 646 (0.07%/1.43%) | 19 100 (9.64%) | 22 484 (9.69%) | 198 203 (0.07%/1.65%) | 232 130 (0.08%/1.34%) |
| Malaysian | 15 029 (0.01%/0.15%) | 21 868 (0.01%/0.15%) | 3 537 (19.05%) | 4 311 (16.47%) | 18 566 (0.01%/0.15%) | 26 179 (0.01%/0.15%) |
| Maldivian | 29 (<0.01%/<0.01%) | 102 (<0.01%/<0.01%) | 22 (43.14%) | 25 (19.69%) | 51 (<0.01%/<0.01%) | 127 (<0.01%/<0.01%) |
| Mongolian | 3 699 (<0.01%/0.04%) | 15 138 (<0.01%/0.10%) | 2 169 (36.96%) | 3 206 (17.48%) | 5 868 (<0.01%/0.05%) | 18 344 (0.01%/0.11%) |
| Nepalese | 8 209 (<0.01%/0.08%) | 57 209 (0.02%/0.39%) | 1 190 (12.66%) | 2 281 (3.83%) | 9 399 (<0.01%/0.08%) | 59 490 (0.02%/0.34%) |
| Okinawan | 6 138 (<0.01%/0.06%) | 5 681 (<0.01%/0.04%) | 4 461 (42.09%) | 5 645 (49.84%) | 10 599 (<0.01%/0.09%) | 11 326 (<0.01%/0.07%) |
| Pakistani | 164 628 (0.06%/1.61%) | 382 994 (0.12%/2.61%) | 39 681 (19.42%) | 26 169 (6.40%) | 204 309 (0.07%/1.70%) | 409 163 (0.13%/2.36%) |
| Singaporean | 2 017 (<0.01%/0.02%) | 4 569 (<0.01%/0.03%) | 377 (15.75%) | 778 (14.55%) | 2 394 (<0.01%/0.02%) | 5 347 (<0.01%/0.03%) |
| Sri Lankan | 21 364 (0.01%/0.21%) | 41 456 (0.01%/0.28%) | 3 223 (13.11%) | 3 925 (8.65%) | 24 587 (0.01%/0.21%) | 45 381 (0.01%/0.26%) |
| Thai | 120 918 (0.04%/1.18%) | 182 872 (0.06%/1.25%) | 29 365 (19.54%) | 54 711 (23.03%) | 150 283 (0.05%/1.25%) | 237 583 (0.07%/1.37%) |
| Vietnamese | 1 169 672 (0.42%/11.42%) | 1 632 717 (0.53%/11.13%) | 54 064 (4.42%) | 104 716 (6.03%) | 1 223 736 (0.43%/10.21%) | 1 737 433 (0.56%/10.03%) |
| Other Asian, not specified | 162 913 (1,59%) | 238 332 (1.62%) | 213 810 (56,76%) | 385 429 (61,79%) | 376 723 (3,14%) | 623 761 (3,60%) |
| All South Asians | 1 960 105 (19,14%) | 3 519 391 (23.98%) | 235 464 (10,72%) | 302 501 (7,91%) | 2 195 569 (18,31%) | 3 821 892 (22,07%) |
| All East and Southeast Asians | 8 119 980 (79,27%) | 10 916 529 (74.39%) | 1 206 556 (12,94%) | 1 958 674 (15,21%) | 9 326 536 (77,79%) | 12 875 203 (74,33%) |
Asian population pyramids (Census 2010)
| Age group | Asian alone 4.75% (percent in the race/percent in USA) | Asian Indian alone (0,92% in USA/19,38% in group) (percent in the group/percent in Asian alone group) | Chinese alone (1,08% in USA/22,81% in group) (percent in the group/percent in Asian alone group) | Japanese alone (0,25% in USA/5,20% in group) (percent in the group/percent in Asian alone group) | Asian alone, other* (2,50% in USA/52,61% in group) (percent in the group/percent in Asian alone group) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 14 674 252 | 2 843 391 | 3 347 229 | 763 325 | 7 720 307 |
| 0–4 | 898 011 (6.1%/4.45%) | 239 745 (8.43%/26.70%) | 166 058 (4.96%/18.49%) | 20 999 (2.75%/2.34%) | 471 209 (6.10%/52.47%) |
| 5–9 | 928 248 (6.3%/4.56%) | 205 562 (7.23%/22.15%) | 196 879 (5.88%/21.21%) | 23 010 (3.01%/2.48%) | 502 797 (6.51%/54.17%) |
| 10–14 | 881 590 (6.0%/4.26%) | 160 602 (5.65%/18.22%) | 187 438 (5.60%/21.26%) | 22 976 (3.01%/2.61%) | 510 574 (6.61%/57.92%) |
| 15–19 | 956 028 (6.5%/4.34%) | 148 008 (5.21%/15.48%) | 210 220 (6.28%/21.99%) | 27 288 (3.57%/2.85%) | 570 512 (7.39%/59.68%) |
| 20–24 | 1 106 222 (7.5%/5.12%) | 196 704 (6.92%/17.78%) | 268 226 (8.01%/24.25%) | 35 953 (4.71%/3.25%) | 605 339 (7.84%/54.74%) |
| 25–29 | 1 234 322 (8.4%/5.85%) | 325 474 (11.45%/27.37%) | 252 212 (7.53%/20.43%) | 38 115 (4.99%/3.09%) | 618 521 (8.01%/50.11%) |
| 30–34 | 1 240 906 (8.5%/6.22%) | 351 838 (12.37%/28.35%) | 244 035 (7.29%/19.67%) | 49 264 (6.45%/3.97%) | 595 769 (7.72%/48.01%) |
| 35–39 | 1 296 301 (8.8%/6.42%) | 288 633 (10.15%/22.27%) | 265 020 (7.92%/20.44%) | 60 985 (7.99%/4.70%) | 681 663 (8.83%/52.59%) |
| 40–44 | 1 155 565 (7.9%/5.53%) | 213 768 (7.52%/18.50%) | 261 082 (7.80%/22.59%) | 61 640 (8.08%/5.33%) | 619 075 (8.02%/53.57%) |
| 45–49 | 1 076 060 (7.3%/4.74%) | 167 387 (5.89%/15.56%) | 286 875 (8.57%/26.66%) | 65 565 (8.59%/6.09%) | 556 233 (7.20%/51.69%) |
| 50–54 | 980 282 (6.7%/4.40%) | 142 827 (5.02%/14.57%) | 251 059 (7.50%/25.61%) | 65 126 (8.53%/6.64%) | 521 270 (6.75%/53.18%) |
| 55–59 | 844 490 (5.8%/4.29%) | 124 549 (4.38%/14.75%) | 219 708 (6.56%/26.02%) | 59 880 (7.84%/7.09%) | 440 353 (5.70%/52.14%) |
| 60–64 | 689 601 (4.7%/4.10%) | 104 867 (3.69%/15.21%) | 171 656 (5.13%/24.89%) | 53 833 (7.05%/7.81%) | 359 245 (5.65%/52.09%) |
| 65–69 | 474 327 (3.2%/3.81%) | 73 314 (2.58%/15.46%) | 106 541 (3.18%/22.46%) | 39 724 (5.20%/8.37%) | 254 748 (3.30%/53.71%) |
| 70–74 | 354 268 (2.4%/3.82%) | 48 553 (1.71%/13.71%) | 93 883 (2.80%/26.50%) | 32 584 (4.27%/9.20%) | 179 248 (2.32%/50.60%) |
| 75–79 | 251 210 (1.7%/3.43%) | 27 446 (0.97%/10.93%) | 72 308 (2.16%/28.78%) | 39 345 (5.15%/15.66%) | 112 111 (1.45%/44.63%) |
| 80–84 | 168 879 (1.2%/2.94%) | 14 570 (0.51%/8.63%) | 50 173 (1.50%/29.71%) | 34 819 (4.56%/20.62%) | 69 317 (0.90%/41.05%) |
| 85+ | 137 942 (0.9%/2.51%) | 9 544 (0.34%/6.92%) | 43 856 (1.31%/31.79%) | 32 219 (4.22%/23.36%) | 52 323 (0.68%/37.93%) |
- About 10% of the "Other Asian" category are people from South Asia; the rest are from East or Southeast Asia.
Population Changes by State
These tables show how the percentage of different racial and ethnic groups has changed in each U.S. state over time.
White Non-Hispanic Population by State (1940–2020)
| State/Territory | 1940 | 1970 | 1980 | 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 United States |
88.4 | 83.2 | 79.6 | 75.6 | 69.1 | 63.7 | |||
| Northeast | 95.7 | 86.9 | 83.4 | 79.4 | |||||
| Midwest | 96.1 | 90.0 | 87.5 | 85.8 | |||||
| South | 74.1 | 76.1 | 74.3 | 71.8 | |||||
| West | 90.0 | 79.6 | 73.5 | 66.7 | |||||
 Alabama |
65.3% | 73.3% | 73.3% | 73.3% | 70.3% | 67.0% | 65.8% | 65.3% | 63.1% |
 Alaska |
48.3% | 77.2% | 75.8% | 73.9% | 67.6% | 64.1% | 61.2% | 60.2% | 57.5% |
 Arizona |
65.1% | 74.3% | 74.5% | 71.7% | 63.8% | 57.8% | 55.5% | 54.3% | 53.4% |
 Arkansas |
75.2% | 81.0% | 82.2% | 82.2% | 78.6% | 74.5% | 72.9% | 72.1% | 68.5% |
 California |
89.5% | 76.3% | 66.6% | 57.2% | 46.7% | 40.1% | 37.7% | 36.6% | 34.7% |
 Colorado |
90.3% | 84.6% | 82.7% | 80.7% | 74.5% | 70.0% | 68.6% | 67.8% | 65.1% |
 Connecticut |
97.9% | 91.4% | 88.0% | 83.8% | 77.5% | 71.2% | 67.7% | 66.3% | 63.2% |
 Delaware |
86.4% | 84.1% | 81.3% | 79.3% | 72.5% | 65.3% | 62.9% | 61.9% | 58.6% |
 District of Columbia |
71.4% | 26.5% | 25.7% | 27.4% | 27.8% | 34.8% | 36.4% | 37.0% | 38.0% |
 Florida |
71.5% | 77.9% | 76.7% | 73.2% | 65.4% | 57.9% | 54.9% | 53.3% | 51.5% |
 Georgia |
65.2% | 73.4% | 71.6% | 70.1% | 62.6% | 55.9% | 53.4% | 52.2% | 50.1% |
 Hawaii |
24.5% | 38.0% | 31.1% | 31.4% | 22.9% | 22.7% | 22.1% | 21.7% | 21.6% |
 Idaho |
98.4% | 95.9% | 93.9% | 92.2% | 88.0% | 84.0% | 82.4% | 81.7% | 78.9% |
 Illinois |
94.7% | 83.5% | 78.0% | 74.8% | 67.8% | 63.7% | 61.7% | 60.9% | 58.3% |
 Indiana |
96.3% | 91.7% | 90.2% | 89.6% | 85.8% | 81.5% | 79.6% | 78.7% | 75.5% |
 Iowa |
99.2% | 98.0% | 96.9% | 95.9% | 92.6% | 88.7% | 86.2% | 85.4% | 82.7% |
 Kansas |
95.6% | 92.7% | 90.5% | 88.4% | 83.1% | 78.2% | 76.3% | 75.6% | 72.2% |
 Kentucky |
92.5% | 92.4% | 91.7% | 91.7% | 89.3% | 86.3% | 85.0% | 84.5% | 81.3% |
 Louisiana |
63.7% | 68.2% | 67.6% | 65.8% | 62.5% | 60.3% | 59.0% | 58.4% | 55.8% |
 Maine |
99.7% | 99.1% | 98.3% | 98.0% | 96.5% | 94.4% | 93.5% | 93.1% | 90.2% |
 Maryland |
83.3% | 80.4% | 73.9% | 69.6% | 62.1% | 54.7% | 51.5% | 50.2% | 47.2% |
 Massachusetts |
98.6% | 95.4% | 92.3% | 87.8% | 81.9% | 76.1% | 72.7% | 70.8% | 67.6% |
 Michigan |
95.7% | 87.1% | 84.1% | 82.3% | 78.6% | 76.6% | 75.4% | 74.8% | 72.4% |
 Minnesota |
99.0% | 97.7% | 96.1% | 93.7% | 88.2% | 83.1% | 80.6% | 79.4% | 76.3% |
 Mississippi |
50.6% | 62.6% | 63.6% | 63.1% | 60.7% | 58.0% | 56.9% | 56.4% | 55.4% |
 Missouri |
93.4% | 88.6% | 87.7% | 86.9% | 83.8% | 81.0% | 79.7% | 79.3% | 75.8% |
 Montana |
96.2% | 94.7% | 93.4% | 91.8% | 89.5% | 87.8% | 86.5% | 85.8% | 83.1% |
 Nebraska |
98.2% | 95.2% | 94.0% | 92.5% | 87.3% | 82.1% | 79.6% | 78.5% | 75.7% |
 Nevada |
91.6% | 86.7% | 83.2% | 78.7% | 65.2% | 54.1% | 49.9% | 48.5% | 45.9% |
 New Hampshire |
99.9% | 99.1% | 98.4% | 97.3% | 95.1% | 92.3% | 90.8% | 89.8% | 87.2% |
 New Jersey |
94.3% | 84.7% | 79.1% | 74.0% | 66.0% | 59.3% | 55.8% | 54.6% | 51.9% |
 New Mexico |
50.9% | 53.8% | 52.6% | 50.4% | 44.7% | 40.5% | 38.1% | 36.9% | 36.5% |
 New York |
94.6% | 80.1% | 75.0% | 69.3% | 62.0% | 58.3% | 55.8% | 55.2% | 52.5% |
 North Carolina |
71.9% | 76.5% | 75.3% | 75.0% | 70.2% | 65.3% | 63.5% | 62.7 | 60.5% |
 North Dakota |
98.3% | 96.9% | 95.5% | 94.2% | 91.7% | 88.9% | 85.0% | 83.8% | 81.7% |
 Ohio |
95.0% | 89.8% | 88.2% | 87.1% | 84.0% | 81.1% | 79.5% | 78.6% | 75.9% |
 Oklahoma |
89.9% | 88.1% | 85.0% | 81.0% | 74.1% | 68.7% | 66.2% | 65.1% | 60.8% |
 Oregon |
98.6% | 95.8% | 93.3% | 90.8% | 83.5% | 78.5% | 76.4% | 75.1% | 71.7% |
 Pennsylvania |
95.1% | 90.3% | 89.1% | 87.7% | 84.1% | 79.5% | 77.0% | 75.9 | 73.5% |
 Rhode Island |
98.3% | 96.1% | 93.4% | 89.3% | 81.9% | 76.4% | 73.3% | 71.4% | 68.7% |
 South Carolina |
57.1% | 69.0% | 68.3% | 68.5% | 66.1% | 64.1% | 63.9% | 63.5% | 62.1% |
 South Dakota |
96.2% | 94.6% | 92.3% | 91.2% | 88.0% | 84.7% | 82.5% | 81.3% | 79.6% |
 Tennessee |
82.5% | 83.7% | 83.1% | 82.6% | 79.2% | 75.6% | 74.2% | 73.6% | 70.9% |
 Texas |
74.1% | 69.6% | 65.7% | 60.6% | 52.4% | 45.3% | 42.6% | 41.4% | 39.7% |
 Utah |
98.2% | 93.6% | 92.4% | 91.2% | 85.3% | 80.4% | 78.8% | 77.8% | 75.4% |
 Vermont |
99.7% | 99.2% | 98.5% | 98.1% | 96.2% | 94.3% | 93.1% | 92.7% | 89.1% |
 Virginia |
75.3% | 80.1% | 78.2% | 76.0% | 70.2% | 64.8% | 62.4% | 61.3% | 58.6% |
 Washington |
97.7% | 93.6% | 90.2% | 86.7% | 78.9% | 72.5% | 69.5% | 67.8% | 63.8% |
 West Virginia |
93.7% | 95.7% | 95.6% | 95.8% | 94.6% | 93.2% | 92.3% | 92.0% | 89.1% |
 Wisconsin |
99.2% | 95.6% | 93.6% | 91.3% | 87.3% | 83.3% | 81.7% | 81.0% | 78.6% |
 Wyoming |
95.9% | 92.1% | 92.0% | 91.0% | 88.9% | 85.9% | 84.1% | 83.9% | 81.4% |
 Puerto Rico |
- | - | - | - | 0.9% | 0.7% | 0.6% | 0.7% | - |
Black Population by State (1790–2020)
Many Southern U.S. states historically had Black populations that made up 35% or more of their total population. Three states (Louisiana, Mississippi, and South Carolina) even had a Black majority at certain times. In other parts of the U.S., the Black population was usually less than 10%. Even after the Great Migration, very few states outside the South have had a Black population greater than 16%. The percentage of Black people has gone down in some areas since the 1990s as some Black people have moved to states like Texas, Georgia, Florida, and Maryland. This is sometimes called a "reverse Great Migration."
| State/territory | 1790 | 1800 | 1810 | 1820 | 1830 | 1840 | 1850 | 1860 | 1870 | 1880 | 1890 | 1900 | 1910 | 1920 | 1930 | 1940 | 1950 | 1960 | 1970 | 1980 | 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States |
19.3% | 18.9% | 19.0% | 18.4% | 18.1% | 16.8% | 15.7% | 14.1% | 12.7% | 13.1% | 11.9% | 11.6% | 10.7% | 9.9% | 9.7% | 9.8% | 10.0% | 10.5% | 11.1% | 11.7% | 12.1% | 12.3% | 12.6% | 12.4% |
| Northeast | 3.4% | 3.2% | 2.9% | 2.5% | 2.3% | 2.1% | 1.7% | 1.5% | 1.5% | 1.6% | 1.6% | 1.8% | 1.9% | 2.3% | 3.3% | 3.8% | 5.1% | 6.8% | 8.9% | 9.9% | 11.0% | 11.4% | 11.8% | 11.5% |
| Midwest | 1.2% | 2.4% | 2.1% | 2.6% | 2.7% | 2.5% | 2.0% | 2.1% | 2.2% | 1.9% | 1.9% | 1.8% | 2.3% | 3.3% | 3.5% | 5.0% | 6.7% | 8.1% | 9.1% | 9.6% | 10.1% | 10.4% | 10.4% | |
| South | 35.2% | 35.0% | 36.7% | 37.2% | 37.9% | 38.0% | 37.3% | 36.8% | 36.0% | 36.0% | 33.8% | 32.3% | 29.8% | 26.9% | 24.7% | 23.8% | 21.7% | 20.6% | 19.1% | 18.6% | 18.5% | 18.9% | 19.2% | 18.6% |
| West | 0.7% | 0.7% | 0.6% | 0.7% | 0.9% | 0.7% | 0.7% | 0.9% | 1.0% | 1.2% | 2.9% | 3.9% | 4.9% | 5.2% | 5.4% | 4.9% | 4.8% | 4.6% | ||||||
| Alabama |
41.4% | 29.0% | 33.2% | 38.5% | 43.3% | 44.7% | 45.4% | 47.7% | 47.5% | 44.8% | 45.2% | 42.5% | 38.4% | 35.7% | 34.7% | 32.0% | 30.0% | 26.2% | 25.6% | 25.3% | 26.0% | 26.2% | 25.8% | |
 Alaska |
0.3% | 0.3% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 3.0% | 3.0% | 3.4% | 4.1% | 3.5% | 3.3% | 3.0% | ||||||||||||
| Arizona |
0.3% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 1.5% | 1.5% | 1.0% | 2.4% | 2.5% | 3.0% | 3.5% | 3.3% | 3.0% | 2.8% | 3.0% | 3.1% | 4.1% | 4.7% | |||||||
| Arkansas |
13.0% | 11.7% | 15.5% | 20.9% | 22.7% | 25.6% | 25.2% | 26.3% | 27.4% | 28.0% | 28.1% | 27.0% | 25.8% | 24.8% | 22.3% | 21.8% | 18.3% | 16.3% | 15.9% | 15.7% | 15.4% | 15.1% | ||
| California |
1.0% | 1.1% | 0.8% | 0.7% | 0.9% | 0.7% | 0.9% | 1.1% | 1.4% | 1.8% | 4.4% | 5.6% | 7.0% | 7.7% | 7.4% | 6.7% | 6.2% | 5.7% | ||||||
| Colorado |
0.1% | 1.1% | 1.3% | 1.5% | 1.6% | 1.4% | 1.2% | 1.1% | 1.1% | 1.5% | 2.3% | 3.0% | 3.5% | 4.0% | 3.8% | 4.0% | 4.1% | |||||||
 Connecticut |
2.3% | 2.5% | 2.6% | 2.9% | 2.7% | 2.6% | 2.1% | 1.9% | 1.8% | 1.9% | 1.6% | 1.7% | 1.4% | 1.5% | 1.8% | 1.9% | 2.7% | 4.2% | 6.0% | 7.0% | 8.3% | 9.1% | 10.1% | 10.8% |
| Delaware |
21.6% | 22.4% | 23.8% | 24.0% | 24.9% | 25.0% | 22.2% | 19.3% | 18.2% | 18.0% | 16.8% | 16.6% | 15.4% | 13.6% | 13.7% | 13.5% | 13.7% | 13.6% | 14.3% | 16.1% | 16.9% | 19.2% | 21.4% | 22.1% |
| District of Columbia |
30.4% | 33.1% | 31.2% | 30.1% | 29.1% | 26.6% | 19.1% | 33.0% | 33.6% | 32.8% | 31.1% | 28.5% | 25.1% | 27.1% | 28.2% | 35.0% | 53.9% | 71.1% | 70.3% | 65.8% | 60.0% | 50.7% | 41.4% | |
| Florida |
47.1% | 48.7% | 46.0% | 44.6% | 48.8% | 47.0% | 42.5% | 43.7% | 41.0% | 34.0% | 29.4% | 27.1% | 21.8% | 17.8% | 15.3% | 13.8% | 13.6% | 14.6% | 16.0% | 15.1% | ||||
| Georgia |
35.9% | 37.1% | 42.5% | 44.4% | 42.6% | 41.0% | 42.4% | 44.0% | 46.0% | 47.0% | 46.7% | 46.7% | 45.1% | 41.7% | 36.8% | 34.7% | 30.9% | 28.5% | 25.9% | 26.8% | 27.0% | 28.7% | 30.5% | 31.0% |
| Hawaii |
0.2% | 0.4% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.1% | 0.5% | 0.8% | 1.0% | 1.8% | 2.5% | 1.8% | 1.6% | 1.6% | |||||||||||
 Idaho |
0.4% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.6% | 0.9% | ||||||||
| Illinois |
7.4% | 6.4% | 2.5% | 1.5% | 0.8% | 0.6% | 0.4% | 1.1% | 1.5% | 1.5% | 1.8% | 1.9% | 2.8% | 4.3% | 4.9% | 7.4% | 10.3% | 12.8% | 14.7% | 14.8% | 15.1% | 14.5% | 14.1% | |
| Indiana |
4.4% | 2.6% | 1.0% | 1.1% | 1.0% | 1.1% | 0.8% | 1.5% | 2.0% | 2.1% | 2.3% | 2.2% | 2.8% | 3.5% | 3.6% | 4.4% | 5.8% | 6.9% | 7.6% | 7.8% | 8.4% | 9.1% | 9.6% | |
 Iowa |
0.4% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.5% | 0.6% | 0.6% | 0.6% | 0.7% | 0.8% | 0.7% | 0.7% | 0.8% | 0.9% | 1.2% | 1.4% | 1.7% | 2.1% | 2.9% | 4.1% | |||||
| Kansas |
0.6% | 4.7% | 4.3% | 3.5% | 3.5% | 3.2% | 3.3% | 3.5% | 3.6% | 3.8% | 4.2% | 4.8% | 5.3% | 5.8% | 5.7% | 5.9% | 5.7% | |||||||
| Kentucky |
17.0% | 18.6% | 20.2% | 22.9% | 24.7% | 24.3% | 22.5% | 20.4% | 16.8% | 16.5% | 14.4% | 13.3% | 11.4% | 9.8% | 8.6% | 7.5% | 6.9% | 7.1% | 7.2% | 7.1% | 7.1% | 7.3% | 7.8% | 8.0% |
| Louisiana |
55.2% | 51.8% | 58.5% | 55.0% | 50.7% | 49.5% | 50.1% | 51.5% | 50.0% | 47.1% | 43.1% | 38.9% | 36.9% | 35.9% | 32.9% | 31.9% | 29.8% | 29.4% | 30.8% | 32.5% | 32.0% | 31.4% | ||
| Maine |
0.6% | 0.5% | 0.4% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.1% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.5% | 1.2% | 1.9% |
| Maryland |
34.7% | 36.7% | 38.2% | 36.1% | 34.9% | 32.3% | 28.3% | 24.9% | 22.5% | 22.5% | 20.7% | 19.8% | 17.9% | 16.9% | 16.9% | 16.6% | 16.5% | 16.7% | 17.8% | 22.7% | 24.9% | 27.9% | 29.4% | 29.5% |
| Massachusetts |
1.4% | 1.5% | 1.4% | 1.3% | 1.2% | 1.2% | 0.9% | 0.8% | 1.0% | 1.0% | 1.0% | 1.1% | 1.1% | 1.2% | 1.2% | 1.3% | 1.6% | 2.2% | 3.1% | 3.9% | 5.0% | 5.4% | 6.6% | 7.0% |
| Michigan |
3.7% | 3.0% | 2.1% | 0.8% | 0.3% | 0.6% | 0.9% | 1.0% | 0.9% | 0.7% | 0.7% | 0.6% | 1.6% | 3.5% | 4.0% | 6.9% | 9.2% | 11.2% | 12.9% | 13.9% | 14.2% | 14.2% | 13.7% | |
| Minnesota |
0.6% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.5% | 0.7% | 0.9% | 1.3% | 2.2% | 3.5% | 5.2% | 7.0% | ||||||
| Mississippi |
41.5% | 47.0% | 44.1% | 48.4% | 52.3% | 51.2% | 55.3% | 53.7% | 57.5% | 57.6% | 58.5% | 56.2% | 52.2% | 50.2% | 49.2% | 45.3% | 42.0% | 36.8% | 35.2% | 35.6% | 36.3% | 37.0% | 36.6% | |
| Missouri |
17.6% | 15.9% | 18.3% | 15.6% | 13.2% | 10.0% | 6.9% | 6.7% | 5.6% | 5.2% | 4.8% | 5.2% | 6.2% | 6.5% | 7.5% | 9.0% | 10.3% | 10.5% | 10.7% | 11.2% | 11.6% | 11.4% | ||
| Montana |
0.9% | 0.9% | 1.0% | 0.6% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.5% | ||||||||
| Nebraska |
0.3% | 0.6% | 0.5% | 0.8% | 0.6% | 0.6% | 1.0% | 1.0% | 1.1% | 1.5% | 2.1% | 2.7% | 3.1% | 3.6% | 4.0% | 4.5% | 4.9% | |||||||
| Nevada |
0.7% | 0.8% | 0.8% | 0.5% | 0.3% | 0.6% | 0.4% | 0.6% | 0.6% | 2.7% | 4.7% | 5.7% | 6.4% | 6.6% | 6.8% | 8.1% | 9.8% | |||||||
| New Hampshire |
0.6% | 0.5% | 0.5% | 0.3% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.6% | 0.7% | 1.1% | 1.5% |
| New Jersey |
7.7% | 8.0% | 7.6% | 7.2% | 6.4% | 5.8% | 4.9% | 3.8% | 3.4% | 3.4% | 3.3% | 3.7% | 3.5% | 3.7% | 5.2% | 5.5% | 6.6% | 8.5% | 10.7% | 12.6% | 13.4% | 13.6% | 13.7% | 13.1% |
| New Mexico |
0.0% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.8% | 1.2% | 0.8% | 0.5% | 1.6% | 0.7% | 0.9% | 1.2% | 1.8% | 1.9% | 1.8% | 2.0% | 1.9% | 2.1% | 2.2% | ||||||
| New York |
7.6% | 5.3% | 4.2% | 2.9% | 2.3% | 2.1% | 1.6% | 1.3% | 1.2% | 1.3% | 1.2% | 1.4% | 1.5% | 1.9% | 3.3% | 4.2% | 6.2% | 8.4% | 11.9% | 13.7% | 15.9% | 15.9% | 15.9% | 14.8% |
| North Carolina |
26.8% | 29.4% | 32.2% | 34.4% | 35.9% | 35.6% | 36.4% | 36.4% | 36.6% | 38.0% | 34.7% | 33.0% | 31.6% | 29.8% | 29.0% | 27.5% | 25.8% | 24.5% | 22.2% | 22.4% | 22.0% | 21.6% | 21.5% | 20.5% |
 North Dakota |
1.0% | 0.3% | 0.2% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.6% | 0.6% | 1.2% | 3.4% | ||||||||
 Ohio |
0.5% | 0.8% | 0.8% | 1.0% | 1.1% | 1.3% | 1.6% | 2.4% | 2.5% | 2.4% | 2.3% | 2.3% | 3.2% | 4.7% | 4.9% | 6.5% | 8.1% | 9.1% | 10.0% | 10.6% | 11.5% | 12.2% | 12.5% | |
| Oklahoma |
8.4% | 7.0% | 8.3% | 7.4% | 7.2% | 7.2% | 6.5% | 6.6% | 6.7% | 6.8% | 7.4% | 7.6% | 7.4% | 7.3% | ||||||||||
| Oregon |
0.5% | 0.2% | 0.4% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.3% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.8% | 1.0% | 1.3% | 1.4% | 1.6% | 1.6% | 1.8% | 2.0% | ||||||
| Pennsylvania |
2.4% | 2.7% | 2.9% | 2.9% | 2.8% | 2.8% | 2.3% | 2.0% | 1.9% | 2.0% | 2.0% | 2.5% | 2.5% | 3.3% | 4.5% | 4.7% | 6.1% | 7.5% | 8.6% | 8.8% | 9.2% | 10.0% | 10.8% | 10.9% |
 Rhode Island |
6.3% | 5.3% | 4.8% | 4.3% | 3.7% | 3.0% | 2.5% | 2.3% | 2.3% | 2.3% | 2.1% | 2.1% | 1.8% | 1.7% | 1.4% | 1.5% | 1.8% | 2.1% | 2.7% | 2.9% | 3.9% | 4.5% | 5.7% | 5.7% |
| South Carolina |
43.7% | 43.2% | 48.4% | 52.8% | 55.6% | 56.4% | 58.9% | 58.6% | 58.9% | 60.7% | 59.8% | 58.4% | 55.2% | 51.4% | 45.6% | 42.9% | 38.8% | 34.8% | 30.5% | 30.4% | 29.8% | 29.5% | 27.9% | 25.0% |
| South Dakota |
0.0% | 0.6% | 0.3% | 0.2% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.5% | 0.6% | 1.3% | 2.0% | |||||||
| Tennessee |
10.6% | 13.2% | 17.5% | 19.6% | 21.4% | 22.7% | 24.5% | 25.5% | 25.6% | 26.1% | 24.4% | 23.8% | 21.7% | 19.3% | 18.3% | 17.4% | 16.1% | 16.5% | 15.8% | 15.8% | 16.0% | 16.4% | 16.7% | 15.8% |
| Texas |
27.5% | 30.3% | 31.0% | 24.7% | 21.8% | 20.4% | 17.7% | 15.9% | 14.7% | 14.4% | 12.7% | 12.4% | 12.5% | 12.0% | 11.9% | 11.5% | 11.8% | 12.2% | ||||||
| Utah |
0.4% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.4% | 0.5% | 0.6% | 0.6% | 0.7% | 0.8% | 1.1% | 1.2% | ||||||
| Vermont |
0.3% | 0.4% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.2% | 0.5% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.5% | 1.0% | 1.4% |
 Virginia |
43.4% | 44.6% | 47.1% | 47.8% | 47.9% | 46.9% | 45.0% | 43.3% | 41.9% | 41.8% | 38.4% | 35.6% | 32.6% | 29.9% | 26.8% | 24.7% | 22.1% | 20.6% | 18.5% | 18.9% | 18.8% | 19.6% | 19.4% | 18.6% |
| Washington |
12.7% | 0.3% | 0.9% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.5% | 0.5% | 0.5% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 1.3% | 1.7% | 2.1% | 2.6% | 3.1% | 3.2% | 3.6% | 4.0% | ||||||
| West Virginia |
9.5% | 9.8% | 11.5% | 12.1% | 11.2% | 9.6% | 7.8% | 5.6% | 4.1% | 4.2% | 4.3% | 4.5% | 5.3% | 5.9% | 6.6% | 6.2% | 5.7% | 4.8% | 3.9% | 3.3% | 3.1% | 3.2% | 3.4% | 3.7% |
| Wisconsin |
1.2% | 1.8% | 0.6% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.8% | 1.9% | 2.9% | 3.9% | 5.0% | 5.7% | 6.3% | 6.4% | |||
 Wyoming |
2.0% | 1.4% | 1.5% | 1.0% | 1.5% | 0.7% | 0.6% | 0.4% | 0.9% | 0.7% | 0.8% | 0.8% | 0.8% | 0.9% | ||||||||||
| Puerto Rico |
8.0% | 12.4% | 7.0% |
Free Black Population by State (1790–1860)
In 1865, all enslaved Black people in the U.S. became free because of the Thirteenth Amendment. However, some states had already freed some or all of their Black population before then. This table shows the percentage of free Black people out of the total Black population in different U.S. regions and states between 1790 and 1860. Blank areas mean there is no data for those years.
| State/territory | 1790 | 1800 | 1810 | 1820 | 1830 | 1840 | 1850 | 1860 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States |
7.9% | 10.8% | 13.5% | 13.2% | 13.7% | 13.4% | 11.9% | 11.0% |
| Northeast | 40.1% | 56.2% | 73.5% | 83.7% | 97.8% | 99.5% | 99.8% | 100.0% |
| Midwest | 78.7% | 52.4% | 38.0% | 37.7% | 34.4% | 35.5% | 37.6% | |
| South | 4.7% | 6.7% | 8.5% | 8.2% | 8.4% | 8.1% | 7.0% | 6.3% |
| West | 97.9% | 99.4% | ||||||
| Alabama |
4.4% | 2.2% | 1.3% | 1.3% | 0.8% | 0.7% | 0.6% | |
| Alaska |
||||||||
| Arizona |
100.0% | |||||||
| Arkansas |
1.4% | 3.5% | 3.0% | 2.3% | 1.3% | 0.1% | ||
| California |
100.0% | 100.0% | ||||||
| Colorado |
100.0% | |||||||
| Connecticut |
50.4% | 84.9% | 95.4% | 98.8% | 99.7% | 99.8% | 100.0% | 100.0% |
| Delaware |
30.5% | 57.3% | 75.9% | 74.2% | 82.8% | 86.7% | 88.8% | 91.7% |
| District of Columbia |
16.2% | 30.7% | 37.9% | 50.5% | 66.2% | 73.2% | 77.8% | |
| Florida |
5.2% | 3.1% | 2.3% | 1.5% | ||||
| Georgia |
1.3% | 1.7% | 1.7% | 1.2% | 1.1% | 1.0% | 0.8% | 0.8% |
| Hawaii |
||||||||
| Idaho |
||||||||
| Illinois |
41.5% | 78.5% | 33.3% | 68.7% | 91.6% | 100.0% | 100.0% | |
| Indiana |
75.7% | 62.4% | 86.6% | 99.9% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% | |
| Iowa |
91.5% | 100.0% | 100.0% | |||||
| Kansas |
99.7% | |||||||
| Kentucky |
0.9% | 1.8% | 2.1% | 2.1% | 2.9% | 3.9% | 4.5% | 4.5% |
| Louisiana |
18.0% | 13.2% | 13.2% | 13.1% | 6.7% | 5.3% | ||
| Maine |
100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 99.8% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% |
| Maryland |
7.2% | 15.6% | 23.3% | 27.0% | 33.9% | 40.9% | 45.3% | 49.1% |
| Massachusetts |
100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% |
| Michigan |
100.0% | 83.3% | 100.0% | 99.6% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% | |
| Minnesota |
100.0% | 100.0% | ||||||
| Mississippi |
5.0% | 1.2% | 1.4% | 0.8% | 0.7% | 0.3% | 0.2% | |
| Missouri |
17.4% | 3.3% | 2.2% | 2.6% | 2.9% | 3.0% | ||
| Montana |
||||||||
| Nebraska |
81.7% | |||||||
| Nevada |
100.0% | |||||||
| New Hampshire |
79.9% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 99.5% | 99.8% | 100.0% | 100.0% |
| New Jersey |
19.5% | 26.2% | 42.0% | 62.2% | 89.0% | 96.9% | 99.0% | 99.9% |
| New Mexico |
100.0% | 100.0% | ||||||
| New York |
17.9% | 33.3% | 62.8% | 74.4% | 99.8% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% |
| North Carolina |
4.7% | 5.0% | 5.7% | 6.7% | 7.4% | 8.5% | 8.7% | 8.4% |
| North Dakota |
||||||||
| Ohio |
100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 99.9% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% | |
| Oklahoma |
||||||||
| Oregon |
100.0% | 100.0% | ||||||
| Pennsylvania |
63.6% | 89.5% | 96.6% | 99.3% | 98.9% | 99.9% | 100.0% | 100.0% |
| Rhode Island |
78.2% | 89.7% | 97.1% | 98.7% | 99.5% | 99.8% | 100.0% | 100.0% |
| South Carolina |
1.7% | 2.1% | 2.3% | 2.6% | 2.4% | 2.5% | 2.3% | 2.4% |
| South Dakota |
N/A | |||||||
| Tennessee |
9.6% | 2.2% | 2.9% | 3.3% | 3.1% | 2.9% | 2.6% | 2.6% |
| Texas |
0.7% | 0.2% | ||||||
| Utah |
48.0% | 50.8% | ||||||
| Vermont |
100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% |
| Virginia |
4.1% | 5.6% | 7.3% | 8.2% | 9.3% | 10.1% | 10.2% | 10.5% |
| Washington |
100.0% | 100.0% | ||||||
| West Virginia |
11.6% | 6.8% | 10.5% | 8.5% | 10.9% | 14.1% | 13.1% | 13.1% |
| Wisconsin |
100.0% | 51.6% | 94.4% | 100.0% | 100.0% | |||
| Wyoming |
a There were no Black people (free or enslaved) in South Dakota in 1860.
Native American Population by State (1890–2020)
In 1890, about 248,000 Native Americans were counted. This number grew to 332,000 in 1930 and 334,000 in 1940. This count included Native Americans living on and off reservations in the 48 states.
| State/Territory | 1890 | 1900 | 1910 | 1920 | 1930 | 1940 | 1950 | 1960 | 1970 | 1980 | 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | 0.4% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.6% | 0.8% | 0.9% | 0.9% | 1.1% |
| Alabama | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.4% | 0.5% | 0.6% | 0.7% |
| Alaska | 16.0% | 15.6% | 15.6% | 14.8% | 15.2% | |||||||||
| Arizona | 34.0% | 21.5% | 14.3% | 9.9% | 10.0% | 11.0% | 8.8% | 6.4% | 5.4% | 5.6% | 5.6% | 5.0% | 4.6% | 4.5% |
| Arkansas | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.4% | 0.5% | 0.7% | 0.8% | 0.9% |
| California | 1.4% | 1.0% | 0.7% | 0.5% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.5% | 0.9% | 0.8% | 1.0% | 1.0% | 1.6% |
| Colorado | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.2% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.4% | 0.6% | 0.8% | 1.0% | 1.1% | 1.3% |
| Connecticut | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.4% |
| Delaware | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.5% | 0.5% |
| District of Columbia | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.5% |
| Florida | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.4% |
| Georgia | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.5% |
| Hawaii | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.3% | 0.5% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.3% | |||||||
| Idaho | 4.8% | 2.6% | 1.1% | 0.7% | 0.8% | 0.7% | 0.6% | 0.8% | 0.9% | 1.1% | 1.4% | 1.4% | 1.4% | 1.4% |
| Illinois | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.8% |
| Indiana | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.4% |
| Iowa | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.5% |
| Kansas | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.4% | 0.7% | 0.9% | 0.9% | 1.0% | 1.1% |
| Kentucky | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.3% |
| Louisiana | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.6% | 0.7% | 0.7% |
| Maine | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.4% | 0.5% | 0.6% | 0.6% | 0.6% |
| Maryland | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.5% |
| Massachusetts | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.3% |
| Michigan | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.2% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.4% | 0.6% | 0.6% | 0.6% | 0.6% |
| Minnesota | 0.8% | 0.5% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.5% | 0.6% | 0.9% | 1.1% | 1.1% | 1.1% | 1.2% |
| Mississippi | 0.2% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.5% | 0.6% |
| Missouri | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.5% | 0.5% |
| Montana | 7.8% | 4.7% | 0.8% | 2.0% | 2.8% | 3.0% | 2.8% | 3.1% | 3.9% | 4.7% | 6.0% | 6.2% | 6.3% | 6.2% |
| Nebraska | 0.6% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.6% | 0.8% | 0.9% | 1.2% | 1.2% |
| Nevada | 10.9% | 12.3% | 6.4% | 6.3% | 5.3% | 4.3% | 3.1% | 2.3% | 1.6% | 1.7% | 1.6% | 1.3% | 1.2% | 1.4% |
| New Hampshire | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% |
| New Jersey | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.6% |
| New Mexico | 9.4% | 6.7% | 6.3% | 5.4% | 6.8% | 6.5% | 6.2% | 5.9% | 7.2% | 8.1% | 8.9% | 9.5% | 9.4% | 10.0% |
| New York | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.6% | 0.7% |
| North Carolina | 0.1% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.5% | 0.5% | 0.6% | 0.1% | 0.8% | 0.9% | 1.1% | 1.2% | 1.2% | 1.3% | 1.2% |
| North Dakota | 4.3% | 2.2% | 1.1% | 1.0% | 1.2% | 1.6% | 1.7% | 1.9% | 2.3% | 3.1% | 4.1% | 4.9% | 5.4% | 5.0% |
| Ohio | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.3% |
| Oklahoma | 24.9% | 8.2% | 4.5% | 2.8% | 3.9% | 2.7% | 2.4% | 2.8% | 3.8% | 5.6% | 8.0% | 7.9% | 8.6% | 8.4% |
| Oregon | 1.6% | 1.2% | 0.8% | 0.6% | 0.5% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.5% | 0.6% | 1.0% | 1.4% | 1.3% | 1.4% | 1.5% |
| Pennsylvania | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.2% |
| Rhode Island | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.5% | 0.6% | 0.7% |
| South Carolina | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.5% | ||
| South Dakota | 5.7% | 5.0% | 3.3% | 2.6% | 3.2% | 3.6% | 3.6% | 3.8% | 4.9% | 6.5% | 7.3% | 8.3% | 8.8% | 8.8% |
| Tennessee | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.4% |
| Texas | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.6% | 0.7% | 1.0% |
| Utah | 1.6% | 0.9% | 0.8% | 0.6% | 0.6% | 0.7% | 0.6% | 0.8% | 1.1% | 1.3% | 1.4% | 1.3% | 1.2% | 1.3% |
| Vermont | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.4% |
| Virginia | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.5% |
| Washington | 3.1% | 1.9% | 1.0% | 0.7% | 0.7% | 0.7% | 0.6% | 0.7% | 1.0% | 1.5% | 1.7% | 1.6% | 1.5% | 1.6% |
| West Virginia | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% |
| Wisconsin | 0.6% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.6% | 0.8% | 0.9% | 1.0% | 1.0% |
| Wyoming | 2.9% | 1.8% | 1.0% | 0.7% | 0.8% | 0.9% | 1.1% | 1.2% | 1.5% | 1.5% | 2.1% | 2.3% | 2.4% | 2.4% |
| Puerto Rico | 0.4% | 0.5% | 0.5% |
Hispanic/Latino Population by State (1910–2020)
Historically, the states with the most Mexican/Hispanic/Latino people were mainly in the Southwest, Texas, and Florida. However, the percentage of Hispanic/Latino people has grown a lot in many states, both in and outside the Southwest, in recent years.
| State/territory | 1910 | 1920 | 1930 | 1940 | 1950 | 1960 | 1970 | 1980 | 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States of America |
0.4% | 0.7% | 1.2% | 1.4% | 4.7% | 6.4% | 9.0% | 12.5% | 16.3% | 18.7% | ||
| Northeast | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.4% | 4.1% | 5.3% | 7.4% | 9.8% | 12.6% | 15.2% | ||
| Midwest | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.3% | 0.2% | 1.5% | 2.2% | 2.9% | 4.9% | 7.0% | 8.6% | ||
| South | 1.1% | 1.7% | 2.5% | 1.9% | 4.4% | 5.9% | 7.9% | 11.6% | 15.9% | 18.7% | ||
| West | 1.9% | 3.1% | 5.4% | 6.1% | 11.3% | 14.5% | 19.1% | 24.3% | 28.6% | 30.0% | ||
| Alabama |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.4% | 0.9% | 0.6% | 1.7% | 3.9% | 5.3% | ||
| Alaska |
2.1% | 2.4% | 3.2% | 4.1% | 5.5% | 6.8% | ||||||
| Arizona |
28.6% | 30.4% | 30.2% | 20.4% | 17.2% | 14.9% | 17.3% | 16.2% | 18.8% | 25.3% | 29.6% | 30.7% |
| Arkansas |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.5% | 0.8% | 0.8% | 3.2% | 6.4% | 8.5% | ||
| California |
2.1% | 3.7% | 6.8% | 6.0% | 7.2% | 9.1% | 13.7% | 19.2% | 25.8% | 32.4% | 37.6% | 39.4% |
| Colorado |
0.4% | 1.6% | 5.7% | 8.2% | 9.0% | 9.0% | 11.6% | 11.8% | 12.9% | 17.1% | 20.7% | 21.9% |
| Connecticut |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 2.4% | 4.0% | 6.5% | 9.4% | 13.4% | 17.3% | ||
| Delaware |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 1.1% | 1.6% | 2.4% | 4.8% | 8.2% | 10.5% | ||
| District of Columbia |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 2.1% | 2.8% | 5.4% | 7.9% | 9.1% | 11.3% | ||
| Florida |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 1.3% | 6.6% | 8.8% | 12.2% | 16.8% | 22.5% | 26.5% | ||
| Georgia |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.6% | 1.1% | 1.7% | 5.3% | 8.8% | 10.5% | ||
| Hawaii |
3.0% | 7.4% | 7.3% | 7.2% | 8.9% | 9.5% | ||||||
| Idaho |
0.0% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.5% | 2.6% | 3.9% | 5.3% | 7.9% | 11.2% | 13.0% | ||
| Illinois |
0.0% | 0.1% | 0.4% | 0.3% | 3.3% | 5.6% | 7.9% | 12.3% | 15.8% | 18.2% | ||
| Indiana |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.3% | 0.2% | 1.3% | 1.6% | 1.8% | 3.5% | 6.0% | 8.2% | ||
| Iowa |
0.0% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.1% | 0.6% | 0.9% | 1.2% | 2.8% | 5.0% | 6.8% | ||
| Kansas |
0.5% | 0.9% | 1.1% | 0.7% | 2.1% | 2.7% | 3.8% | 7.0% | 10.5% | 13.0% | ||
| Kentucky |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.3% | 0.7% | 0.6% | 1.5% | 3.1% | 4.6% | ||
| Louisiana |
0.1% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.2% | 1.9% | 2.4% | 2.2% | 2.4% | 4.2% | 6.9% | ||
| Maine |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.6% | 0.7% | 1.3% | 2.0% | ||
| Maryland |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 1.4% | 1.5% | 2.6% | 4.3% | 8.2% | 11.8% | ||
| Massachusetts |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 1.1% | 2.5% | 4.8% | 6.8% | 9.6% | 12.6% | ||
| Michigan |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.3% | 0.2% | 1.4% | 1.8% | 2.2% | 3.3% | 4.4% | 5.6% | ||
| Minnesota |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.6% | 0.8% | 1.2% | 2.9% | 4.7% | 6.1% | ||
| Mississippi |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.4% | 1.0% | 0.6% | 1.4% | 2.7% | 3.6% | ||
| Missouri |
0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.9% | 1.1% | 1.2% | 2.1% | 3.5% | 4.9% | ||
| Montana |
0.0% | 0.1% | 0.5% | 0.4% | 1.1% | 1.3% | 1.5% | 2.0% | 2.9% | 4.2% | ||
| Nebraska |
0.0% | 0.2% | 0.5% | 0.4% | 1.4% | 1.8% | 2.3% | 5.5% | 9.2% | 12.0% | ||
| Nevada |
1.1% | 1.8% | 3.7% | 2.8% | 5.6% | 6.7% | 10.4% | 19.7% | 26.5% | 28.7% | ||
| New Hampshire |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.4% | 0.6% | 1.0% | 1.7% | 2.8% | 4.3% | ||
| New Jersey |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.2% | 4.3% | 6.7% | 9.6% | 13.3% | 17.7% | 21.6% | ||
| New Mexico |
6.9% | 9.8% | 15.2% | 41.7% | 36.5% | 28.3% | 37.4% | 36.6% | 38.2% | 42.1% | 46.3% | 47.7% |
| New York |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 1.0% | 8.0% | 9.5% | 12.3% | 15.1% | 17.6% | 19.5% | ||
| North Carolina |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.4% | 1.0% | 1.2% | 4.7% | 8.4% | 10.7% | ||
| North Dakota |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.3% | 0.6% | 0.7% | 1.2% | 2.0% | 4.3% | ||
| Ohio |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.9% | 1.1% | 1.3% | 1.9% | 3.1% | 4.4% | ||
| Oklahoma |
0.3% | 0.4% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 1.4% | 1.9% | 2.7% | 5.2% | 8.9% | 11.9% | ||
| Oregon |
0.0% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.1% | 1.7% | 2.5% | 4.0% | 8.0% | 11.7% | 13.9% | ||
| Pennsylvania |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.9% | 1.3% | 2.0% | 3.2% | 5.7% | 8.1% | ||
| Rhode Island |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.7% | 2.1% | 4.6% | 8.7% | 12.4% | 16.6% | ||
| South Carolina |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.4% | 1.1% | 0.9% | 2.4% | 5.1% | 6.9% | ||
| South Dakota |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.4% | 0.6% | 0.8% | 1.4% | 2.7% | 4.4% | ||
| Tennessee |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.4% | 0.7% | 0.7% | 2.2% | 4.6% | 6.9% | ||
| Texas |
7.1% | 9.9% | 13.8% | 11.5% | 13.3% | 14.8% | 17.7% | 21.0% | 25.5% | 32.0% | 37.6% | 39.3% |
| Utah |
0.0% | 0.3% | 0.8% | 0.5% | 4.1% | 4.1% | 4.9% | 9.0% | 13.0% | 15.1% | ||
| Vermont |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.2% | 0.6% | 0.6% | 0.7% | 0.9% | 1.5% | 2.4% | ||
| Virginia |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 1.0% | 1.5% | 2.6% | 4.7% | 7.9% | 10.5% | ||
| Washington |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 2.1% | 2.9% | 4.4% | 7.5% | 11.2% | 13.7% | ||
| West Virginia |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.4% | 0.7% | 0.5% | 0.7% | 1.2% | 1.9% | ||
| Wisconsin |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.9% | 1.3% | 1.9% | 3.6% | 5.9% | 7.6% | ||
| Wyoming |
0.2% | 1.1% | 3.2% | 2.4% | 5.6% | 5.2% | 5.7% | 6.4% | 8.9% | 10.2% | ||
| Puerto Rico |
98.8% | 99.0% | 98.9% |
Asian and Pacific Islander Population by State (1860–2020)
| State/Territory | 1860 | 1870 | 1880 | 1890 | 1900 | 1910 | 1920 | 1930 | 1940 | 1950 | 1960 | 1970 | 1980 | 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States of America |
0.1% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.5% | 0.8% | 1.5% | 2.9% | 3.7% | 4.8% | 6.2% |
| Alabama |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.5% | 0.7% | 1.1% | 1.6% |
| Alaska |
7.1% | 5.3% | 3.8% | 0.8% | 0.8% | 1.0% | 0.8% | 0.9% | 2.0% | 3.6% | 4.5% | 5.4% | 7.7% | ||||
| Arizona |
0.0% | 0.2% | 4.0% | 1.3% | 1.4% | 0.8% | 0.5% | 0.6% | 0.5% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.5% | 0.8% | 1.5% | 1.9% | 2.8% | 3.8% |
| Arkansas |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.3% | 0.5% | 0.9% | 1.2% | 2.2% |
| California |
9.2% | 8.8% | 8.7% | 6.1% | 3.8% | 3.4% | 3.1% | 3.0% | 2.4% | 1.7% | 2.0% | 2.8% | 5.3% | 9.6% | 11.2% | 13.0% | 15.8% |
| Colorado |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.1% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.3% | 0.5% | 0.5% | 0.5% | 1.0% | 1.8% | 2.3% | 2.8% | 3.7% |
| Connecticut |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.6% | 1.5% | 2.4% | 3.8% | 4.8% |
| Delaware |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.3% | 0.7% | 1.4% | 2.1% | 3.2% | 4.3% |
| District of Columbia |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.2% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.4% | 0.6% | 0.7% | 1.0% | 1.8% | 2.8% | 3.5% | 5.0% |
| Florida |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.6% | 1.2% | 1.8% | 2.4% | 3.1% |
| Georgia |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.4% | 1.2% | 2.2% | 3.2% | 4.6% |
| Hawaii |
80.9% | 76.5% | 78.4% | 78.0% | 73.3% | 72.9% | 65.3% | 57.7% | 60.5% | 61.8% | 51.0% | 48.6% | 48.0% | ||||
| Idaho |
28.5% | 10.4% | 2.4% | 1.7% | 0.7% | 0.5% | 0.4% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.5% | 0.6% | 0.9% | 1.0% | 1.2% | 1.7% | |
| Illinois |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.4% | 1.4% | 2.5% | 3.4% | 4.6% | 5.9% |
| Indiana |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.4% | 0.7% | 1.0% | 1.6% | 2.5% |
| Iowa |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.4% | 0.9% | 1.3% | 1.7% | 2.6% |
| Kansas |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.6% | 1.3% | 1.7% | 2.4% | 3.0% |
| Kentucky |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.3% | 0.5% | 0.7% | 1.1% | 1.8% |
| Louisiana |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.6% | 1.0% | 1.2% | 1.5% | 1.9% |
| Maine |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.3% | 0.5% | 0.7% | 1.0% | 1.2% |
| Maryland |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.5% | 1.5% | 2.9% | 4.0% | 5.5% | 6.9% |
| Massachusetts |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.4% | 0.9% | 2.4% | 3.8% | 5.3% | 7.2% |
| Michigan |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.6% | 1.1% | 1.8% | 2.4% | 3.3% |
| Minnesota |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.7% | 1.8% | 2.9% | 4.0% | 5.3% |
| Mississippi |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.3% | 0.5% | 0.7% | 0.9% | 1.1% |
| Missouri |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.5% | 0.8% | 1.2% | 1.6% | 2.4% |
| Montana |
9.5% | 4.5% | 1.8% | 1.7% | 0.6% | 0.4% | 0.3% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.5% | 0.6% | 0.6% | 0.9% | |
| Nebraska |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.4% | 0.8% | 1.3% | 1.8% | 2.8% |
| Nevada |
0.0% | 7.3% | 8.7% | 6.0% | 3.7% | 2.3% | 1.9% | 1.3% | 0.7% | 0.5% | 0.5% | 0.7% | 1.8% | 3.2% | 4.9% | 7.2% | 9.6% |
| New Hampshire |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.8% | 1.3% | 2.2% | 2.6% |
| New Jersey |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.3% | 1.4% | 3.5% | 5.7% | 8.3% | 10.2% |
| New Mexico |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.5% | 0.9% | 1.2% | 1.4% | 1.9% |
| New York |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.7% | 1.8% | 3.9% | 5.5% | 7.3% | 9.7% |
| North Carolina |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.4% | 0.8% | 1.4% | 2.2% | 3.4% |
| North Dakota |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.3% | 0.5% | 0.6% | 1.0% | 1.8% | |
| Ohio |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.4% | 0.8% | 1.2% | 1.7% | 2.5% |
| Oklahoma |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.6% | 1.1% | 1.5% | 1.7% | 2.5% | |||
| Oregon |
0.0% | 3.7% | 5.4% | 3.0% | 3.1% | 1.6% | 1.0% | 0.9% | 0.6% | 0.4% | 0.5% | 0.7% | 1.3% | 2.4% | 3.2% | 3.7% | 5.1% |
| Pennsylvania |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.5% | 1.2% | 1.8% | 2.7% | 3.9% |
| Rhode Island |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.4% | 0.6% | 1.8% | 2.4% | 2.9% | 3.6% |
| South Carolina |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.4% | 0.6% | 0.9% | 1.3% | 1.9% |
| South Dakota |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.2% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.6% | 0.9% | 1.9% |
| Tennessee |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.3% | 0.7% | 1.0% | 1.4% | 2.1% |
| Texas |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.8% | 1.9% | 2.8% | 3.8% | 5.5% |
| Utah |
0.0% | 0.5% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.7% | 0.7% | 0.8% | 0.5% | 0.7% | 0.6% | 0.6% | 1.0% | 1.9% | 2.4% | 2.0% | 3.6% |
| Vermont |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.3% | 0.6% | 0.9% | 1.3% | 1.8% |
| Virginia |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.3% | 1.2% | 2.6% | 3.8% | 5.5% | 7.2% |
| Washington |
0.0% | 1.0% | 4.2% | 1.0% | 1.8% | 1.4% | 1.5% | 1.5% | 1.1% | 0.7% | 1.0% | 1.3% | 2.5% | 4.3% | 5.9% | 7.2% | 10.3% |
| West Virginia |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.5% | 0.7% | 0.8% |
| Wisconsin |
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.4% | 1.1% | 1.7% | 2.3% | 3.0% |
| Wyoming |
1.6% | 4.4% | 0.7% | 0.9% | 1.3% | 0.8% | 0.5% | 0.3% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.6% | 0.7% | 0.8% | 1.0% | |
| Puerto Rico |
0.2% | 0.2% | 0.1% |
Future Population Projections (2020–2060)
The U.S. Census Bureau predicts that the number of White non-Hispanic people in the U.S. will become less than half of the total population during the 2040s. This means the U.S. will become a "majority-minority" nation, where no single ethnic group makes up more than half of the population. By 2060, it's expected that Hispanic Americans will make up about one-third of the total U.S. population.
| Race/ethnic group | 2020 | 2030 | 2040 | 2050 | 2060 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total population | 333,896,000 | 358,471,000 | 380,016,000 | 399,803,000 | 420,268,000 |
| White | 255,346,000 | 267,604,000 | 276,438,000 | 282,959,000 | 289,587,000 |
| Black | 44,810,000 | 49,246,000 | 53,412,000 | 57,553,000 | 61,822,000 |
| American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut | 4,328,000 | 4,889,000 | 5,407,000 | 5,881,000 | 6,308,000 |
| Asian and Pacific Islander | 19,708,000 | 23,802,000 | 27,945,000 | 31,967,000 | 35,815,000 |
| Two or more races | 9,704,000 | 12,929,000 | 16,814,000 | 21,443,000 | 26,737,000 |
| Hispanic (of any race) | 63,784,000 | 78,655,000 | 94,876,000 | 111,732,000 | 128,780,000 |
| Non-Hispanic White | 199,313,000 | 198,817,000 | 193,887,000 | 186,334,000 | 178,951,000 |
| Race/Ethnic Group | 2020 | 2030 | 2040 | 2050 | 2060 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | 76.5% | 74.7% | 72.7% | 70.8% | 68.9% |
| Black | 13.4% | 13.7% | 14.1% | 14.4% | 14.7% |
| American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut | 1.3% | 1.4% | 1.4% | 1.5% | 1.5% |
| Asian and Pacific Islander | 5.9% | 6.6% | 7.4% | 8.0% | 8.5% |
| Two or more races | 2.9% | 3.6% | 4.4% | 5.4% | 6.4% |
| Hispanic (of any race) | 19.1% | 21.9% | 25.0% | 27.9% | 30.6% |
| Non-Hispanic White | 59.7% | 55.5% | 51.0% | 46.6% | 42.6% |
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Historical racial and ethnic demographics of the United States Facts for Kids. Kiddle Encyclopedia.