National Party of Australia facts for kids
Quick facts for kids
National Party of Australia
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Abbreviation |
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Leader | David Littleproud |
Deputy Leader | Perin Davey |
Senate Leader | Bridget McKenzie |
Deputy Senate Leader | Perin Davey |
President | Kay Hull |
Founder | Eleven co-founders |
Founded | 22 January 1920 |
Headquarters | John McEwen House, Barton, Australian Capital Territory |
Think tank | Page Research Centre |
Youth wing | Young Nationals |
Women's wing | Nationals Women |
Ideology |
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Political position | Centre-right to right-wing |
National affiliation | Liberal–National Coalition |
Colours | |
Governing body | Federal Council |
Party branches |
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House of Representatives |
15 / 151
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Senate |
6 / 76
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The National Party of Australia, often called The Nationals or The Nats, is an Australian political party. It is known for supporting people in regional areas, especially farmers. The party started in 1920 as the Australian Country Party.
In 1975, its name changed to the National Country Party. Then, in 1982, it became the National Party of Australia. A main goal of the Nationals is to support farmers. They do this through government help or community efforts.
The Nationals often work with the Liberal Party to form a group called the Liberal–National Coalition. When the Coalition is in power, the leader of the Nationals usually becomes the Deputy Prime Minister. This shows how closely the two parties work together. Sometimes, people have suggested that the Liberal and National parties should officially join. For example, in Queensland, the Country Party (later National Party) joined with the Liberal Party in 2008 to form the Liberal National Party of Queensland.
The current leader of the National Party is David Littleproud. He represents the area of Maranoa in Queensland. He became leader in May 2022. The party's deputy leader is Perin Davey, who is a Senator for New South Wales.
Contents
The History of the National Party
The Country Party, which is now the National Party, officially began in 1913 in Western Australia. It became a national party in 1920. It grew from smaller state groups like the Victorian Farmers' Union (VFU).
The VFU won a seat in the House of Representatives in 1918. This was helped by a new way of voting called preferential voting. In the 1919 federal election, Country Parties in different states won seats. In 1920, William McWilliams from Tasmania became the first national leader of the Country Party. He said the party would work hard to help primary producers, like farmers. McWilliams was replaced by Earle Page in April 1921.
Early Power and Coalitions
In the 1922 election, the Country Party gained a lot of power. They won enough seats to stop the Nationalist Party from having a majority. Earle Page, the new leader, said his party would only work with the Nationalists if their leader, Hughes, stepped down. Hughes resigned, and Page then worked with the new Nationalist leader, Stanley Bruce.
Page asked for a lot for his party to join the government. He wanted five spots in the Cabinet (the main group of government ministers), including the Treasurer role. He also wanted to be the second most important person in the government. Bruce agreed, and the "Bruce-Page Ministry" was formed. This started the tradition of the Country Party leader being the second most important person in Coalition governments.
Page led the party until 1939. He even briefly served as Prime Minister in 1939 after Joseph Lyons passed away. The Coalition government was formed again in 1940 under Archie Cameron. It continued even when Arthur Fadden became leader after the 1940 election. Fadden was a strong supporter of Menzies. When Menzies had to resign as Prime Minister, Fadden briefly took over. However, his government soon fell.
After losing the 1943 election, Fadden became the Deputy Leader of the Opposition under Menzies. Menzies later created the Liberal Party of Australia. Fadden remained a loyal partner to Menzies. In the lead-up to the 1949 federal election, Fadden played a big part in helping the Coalition win. He often made strong statements about the Labor Party, which Menzies could then make sound more moderate. In 1949, Fadden became Treasurer and stayed in that role until he retired in 1958. His strong partnership with Menzies helped the Coalition stay in power until 1972.
The McEwen Era and Party Changes
John McEwen took over from Fadden as leader in 1958. He was the Trade Minister. McEwen focused on helping Australian primary producers. He signed important trade deals with Japan, New Zealand, Britain, and the USSR. He also pushed for a system to protect Australian industries that added value to raw products. This was known as "McEwenism." This was a time when the Country Party had a lot of power.
When Menzies retired in 1966, Harold Holt became Prime Minister. McEwen was the longest-serving member of the government. He had a lot of influence on government decisions. When Holt disappeared in 1967, McEwen became interim Prime Minister. McEwen was known for being tough in politics, earning him the nickname "Black Jack."
At the state level, the Country Party was very strong in Queensland from 1957 to 1989. This was partly due to a system called the "bjelkemander," which gave rural voters more power. The party also took part in governments in New South Wales, Victoria, and Western Australia.
However, over time, the Country Party started to lose support. This was because fewer people lived in rural areas, and some areas near cities changed. In 1974, the party's members in the Northern Territory joined with Liberal members to form the Country Liberal Party. This new party still represents both groups in that territory.
Becoming the National Party
In the 1970s, Australia's population changed. Cities grew much faster than remote rural areas. This meant fewer people lived in the National Party's traditional strongholds. On May 2, 1975, the Country Party changed its name to the National Country Party of Australia. This was an attempt to gain more support in urban areas. This worked somewhat in Queensland, but not elsewhere.
The 1980s saw disagreements between the federal party and the Queensland leader, Joh Bjelke-Petersen. In 1987, Bjelke-Petersen tried to become Prime Minister, which caused the Nationals to break their agreement with the Liberals. This plan, known as "Joh for Canberra," did not work out. The Labor Party won the election. After this, Bjelke-Petersen retired, and the Queensland Nationals lost heavily in 1989.
The federal National Party also had a tough time in the 1990 election. Their leader, Charles Blunt, lost his seat. His successor, Tim Fischer, helped the party recover some seats in the 1993 election. In 1996, the Coalition won a big victory, and Fischer became Deputy Prime Minister under John Howard.
In the late 1990s, the Nationals faced challenges. Some people felt the party was too similar to the Liberal Party. Also, a new party, the One Nation Party, gained support from unhappy rural voters. At the 1998 federal election, the National Party had its lowest ever share of the vote.
Under leaders like Fischer and John Anderson, the Nationals rarely disagreed publicly with the Liberal Party. This made it harder for them to show they were a separate party for rural Australia. In the 2001 and 2004 elections, the party's vote continued to decline.
Experts like Antony Green say that the National Party's decline is due to two main reasons. First, the rural sector is less important to the national economy than it used to be. Second, there are growing differences in values between people in rural and urban Australia.
In June 2005, John Anderson resigned as leader. Mark Vaile took over. In the 2007 election, the Nationals' vote dropped further. Vaile then resigned, and Warren Truss became the new leader.
In 2010, the party received its lowest vote share ever, but they gained a few more seats. In the 2013 election, their fortunes improved slightly. In the 2016 election, under Barnaby Joyce, the party gained more seats. In 2018, Barnaby Joyce resigned as leader and Deputy Prime Minister.
In the 2019 federal election, the National Party's vote only slightly decreased, despite challenges like drought.
State and Territory Parties
The National Party has different groups in each state and territory. These groups work together with the federal party.
Party | Leader | Last election | Status | Federal representatives | ||||||||
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Lower House | Upper House | MPs | Senators | |||||||||
Year | Votes (%) | Seats | votes (%) | Seats | ||||||||
Liberal National Party of Queensland | David Crisafulli | 2020 | 35.9 |
34 / 93
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N/A | Opposition |
21 / 30
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5 / 12
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Country Liberal Party | Lia Finocchiaro | 2020 | 31.3 |
8 / 25
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N/A | Opposition |
0 / 2
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1 / 2
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National Party of New South Wales | Dugald Saunders | 2023 | 8.6 |
11 / 93
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29.8 |
5 / 42
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Liberal–National coalition opposition |
7 / 47
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2 / 12
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National Party of Victoria | Peter Walsh | 2022 | 4.7 |
9 / 88
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29.4 |
3 / 40
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Liberal–National coalition opposition |
3 / 39
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1 / 12
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National Party of Western Australia | Shane Love | 2021 | 4.1 |
4 / 59
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2.8 |
3 / 36
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Opposition |
0 / 15
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0 / 12
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National Party of South Australia | 2022 | 0.4 |
0 / 47
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0.7 |
0 / 22
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Extra-parliamentary |
0 / 10
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0 / 12
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National Party of Tasmania | 2024 | None |
0 / 35
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N/A |
0 / 15
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Extra-parliamentary |
0 / 5
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0 / 12
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The Role of the National Party

The Nationals believe their main job is to speak for Australians who live outside big cities. This includes people in regional and rural areas.
When the Coalition is in government, the leader of the National Party usually becomes the Deputy Prime Minister. This tradition started in 1968.
The National Party gets a lot of its support from the farming community. Historically, the party has supported farmers through government help. They have also pushed for free trade in agriculture. They often oppose rules that protect manufacturing industries. The party generally supports industrial development and is not usually focused on green politics.
The idea of "countrymindedness" was important to the Country Party from 1920 to the early 1970s. This idea meant that people in rural areas felt connected and supported each other. It also led to calls for government help for rural areas. This idea grew because rural areas did not grow as fast as cities after 1890. It declined as more people moved from the country to cities for jobs.
The Nationals' vote has been decreasing. Some of their traditional supporters are now voting for independent politicians. These independents are often former members of the National Party. Since the 2004 federal election, the National Party has received fewer votes than the Australian Greens.
Changes in where people live are also affecting the party. Fewer people live and work on farms or in small towns. Larger regional centers are growing, and sometimes people from cities move to rural areas. The Liberal Party has also gained support. This is because the differences between the two parties in the Coalition have become less clear. In 2006, a Nationals Senator, Julian McGauran, even joined the Liberals. He said there was "no longer any real distinguishing policy or philosophical difference."
In Queensland, the Nationals leader, Lawrence Springborg, suggested that the National and Liberal parties should merge at the state level. This was to create a stronger opposition to the Labor Party. This idea was initially rejected by the Queensland Liberal Party. However, it later gained some support. The federal leader, Mark Vaile, said the Nationals would not merge with the Liberal Party at the federal level. The merger plan was stopped in 2006. After losing the 2006 Queensland election, Lawrence Springborg was replaced by Jeff Seeney. Seeney was not interested in merging unless it was a federal issue.
In September 2008, Barnaby Joyce became the leader of the Nationals in the Senate. He said his party in the Senate would not always vote with the Liberals. This gave the Labor government another way to pass laws. Joyce became the party leader in 2016. In 2017, Joyce and former deputy leader Fiona Nash were disqualified from parliament. This was because they held dual citizenship, which is not allowed for Australian politicians.
Queensland Liberal/National Merger
Plans for a merger became serious in May 2008. The Queensland state Liberal Party announced they would merge right away. They did not wait for a federal plan. The new party, the Liberal National Party, was formed in July 2008.
Election Results Over Time
This table shows how the National Party has performed in federal elections over the years. It lists the leader, the percentage of votes received, and how many seats they won in the House of Representatives.
Election | Leader | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | Government |
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1919* | none | 176,884 | 9.3 |
11 / 75
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Crossbench |
1922 | Earle Page | 197,513 | 12.5 |
14 / 75
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Coalition |
1925 | 313,363 | 10.7 |
13 / 75
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Coalition | |
1928 | 271,686 | 10.4 |
13 / 75
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Coalition | |
1929 | 295,640 | 10.2 |
10 / 75
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Opposition | |
1931 | 388,544 | 12.2 |
16 / 75
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Crossbench | |
1934 | 447,968 | 12.6 |
14 / 74
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Coalition | |
1937 | 560,279 | 15.5 |
16 / 74
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Coalition | |
1940 | Archie Cameron | 531,397 | 13.7 |
13 / 74
|
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Coalition |
1943 | Arthur Fadden | 287,000 | 6.9 |
7 / 74
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Opposition |
1946 | 464,737 | 10.7 |
11 / 76
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Opposition | |
1949 | 500,349 | 10.8 |
19 / 121
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Coalition | |
1951 | 443,713 | 9.7 |
17 / 121
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Coalition | |
1954 | 388,171 | 8.5 |
17 / 121
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Coalition | |
1955 | 347,445 | 7.9 |
18 / 122
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Coalition | |
1958 | John McEwen | 465,320 | 9.3 |
19 / 122
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Coalition |
1961 | 446,475 | 8.5 |
17 / 122
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Coalition | |
1963 | 489,498 | 8.9 |
20 / 122
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Coalition | |
1966 | 561,926 | 9.8 |
21 / 124
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Coalition | |
1969 | 523,232 | 8.5 |
20 / 125
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Coalition | |
1972 | Doug Anthony | 622,826 | 9.4 |
20 / 125
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Opposition |
1974 | 736,252 | 9.9 |
21 / 127
|
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Opposition | |
1975 | 869,919 | 11.2 |
23 / 127
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Coalition | |
1977 | 793,444 | 10.0 |
19 / 124
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Coalition | |
1980 | 745,037 | 8.9 |
20 / 125
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Coalition | |
1983 | 799,609 | 9.2 |
17 / 125
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Opposition | |
1984 | Ian Sinclair | 921,151 | 10.6 |
21 / 148
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Opposition |
1987 | 1,060,976 | 11.5 |
19 / 148
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Opposition | |
1990 | Charles Blunt | 833,557 | 8.4 |
14 / 148
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Opposition |
1993 | Tim Fischer | 758,036 | 7.1 |
16 / 147
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Opposition |
1996 | 893,170 | 7.1 |
18 / 148
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Coalition | |
1998 | 588,088 | 5.2 |
16 / 148
|
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Coalition | |
2001 | John Anderson | 643,926 | 5.6 |
13 / 150
|
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Coalition |
2004 | 690,275 | 5.8 |
12 / 150
|
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Coalition | |
2007 | Mark Vaile | 682,424 | 5.4 |
10 / 150
|
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Opposition |
2010 | Warren Truss | 419,286 | 3.4 |
12 / 150
|
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Opposition |
2013 | 554,268 | 4.2 |
15 / 150
|
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Coalition | |
2016 | Barnaby Joyce | 624,555 | 4.6 |
16 / 150
|
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Coalition |
2019 | Michael McCormack | 642,233 | 4.5 |
16 / 151
|
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Coalition |
2022 | Barnaby Joyce | 528,442 | 3.6 |
16 / 151
|
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Opposition |
Leadership
This section lists the people who have led the National Party of Australia.
List of Leaders
# | Leader | Term start | Term end | Time in office | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | William McWilliams | 24 February 1920 | 5 April 1921 | 1 year, 40 days | ||
2 | ![]() |
Earle Page | 5 April 1921 | 13 September 1939 | 18 years, 161 days | Prime Minister: 1939 Deputy PM: 1923–29, 1934–39 |
3 | ![]() |
Archie Cameron | 13 September 1939 | 16 October 1940 | 1 year, 33 days | Deputy PM: 1940 |
4 | ![]() |
Arthur Fadden | 16 October 1940 acting until 12 March 1941 |
12 March 1958 | 17 years, 147 days | Prime Minister: 1941 Deputy PM: 1940–41, 1949–58 |
5 | ![]() |
John McEwen | 26 March 1958 | 1 February 1971 | 12 years, 312 days | Prime Minister: 1967–68 Deputy PM: 1958–67, 1968–71 |
6 | ![]() |
Doug Anthony | 2 February 1971 | 17 January 1984 | 12 years, 349 days | Deputy PM: 1971–72, 1975–83 |
7 | ![]() |
Ian Sinclair | 17 January 1984 | 9 May 1989 | 5 years, 112 days | |
8 | Charles Blunt | 9 May 1989 | 6 April 1990 | 332 days | ||
9 | ![]() |
Tim Fischer | 19 April 1990 | 1 July 1999 | 9 years, 73 days | Deputy PM: 1996–99 |
10 | ![]() |
John Anderson | 1 July 1999 | 23 June 2005 | 5 years, 357 days | Deputy PM: 1999–2005 |
11 | ![]() |
Mark Vaile | 23 June 2005 | 3 December 2007 | 2 years, 163 days | Deputy PM: 2005–07 |
12 | ![]() |
Warren Truss | 7 December 2007 | 11 February 2016 | 8 years, 66 days | Deputy PM: 2013–16 |
13 | ![]() |
Barnaby Joyce | 11 February 2016 | 26 February 2018 | 2 years, 14 days | Deputy PM: 2016–18 |
14 | ![]() |
Michael McCormack | 26 February 2018 | 21 June 2021 | 3 years, 116 days | Deputy PM: 2018–21 |
(13) | ![]() |
Barnaby Joyce | 21 June 2021 | 30 May 2022 | 343 days | Deputy PM: 2021–22 |
15 | ![]() |
David Littleproud | 30 May 2022 | Incumbent | 3 years, 34 days |
List of Deputy Leaders
Order | Name | Term start | Term end | Time in office | Leader |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Edmund Jowett | 24 February 1920 | 5 April 1921 | 1 year, 40 days | McWilliams |
2 | Henry Gregory | 5 April 1921 | 2 December 1921 | 241 days | Page |
vacant | 23 February 1922 | 27 June 1922 | |||
3 | William Fleming | 27 June 1922 | 16 January 1923 | 203 days | |
4 | William Gibson | 16 January 1923 | 19 November 1929 | 6 years, 307 days | |
5 | Thomas Paterson | 19 November 1929 | 27 November 1937 | 8 years, 8 days | |
6 | Harold Thorby | 2 years, 262 days | |||
27 November 1937 | 15 October 1940 | Cameron | |||
7 | Arthur Fadden | 15 October 1940 | 12 March 1941 | 148 days | vacant |
vacant | 12 March 1941 | 22 September 1943 | Fadden | ||
8 | John McEwen | 22 September 1943 | 26 March 1958 | 14 years, 185 days | |
9 | Charles Davidson | 26 March 1958 | 11 December 1963 | 5 years, 260 days | McEwen |
10 | Charles Adermann | 11 December 1963 | 8 December 1966 | 2 years, 362 days | |
11 | Doug Anthony | 8 December 1966 | 2 February 1971 | 4 years, 56 days | |
12 | Ian Sinclair | 2 February 1971 | 17 January 1984 | 12 years, 349 days | Anthony |
13 | Ralph Hunt | 17 January 1984 | 24 July 1987 | 3 years, 188 days | Sinclair |
14 | Bruce Lloyd | 5 years, 242 days | |||
24 July 1987 | 23 March 1993 | Blunt | |||
Fischer | |||||
15 | John Anderson | 23 March 1993 | 1 July 1999 | 6 years, 100 days | |
16 | Mark Vaile | 1 July 1999 | 23 June 2005 | 5 years, 357 days | Anderson |
17 | Warren Truss | 23 June 2005 | 3 December 2007 | 2 years, 163 days | Vaile |
18 | Nigel Scullion | 3 December 2007 | 13 September 2013 | 5 years, 284 days | Truss |
19 | Barnaby Joyce | 13 September 2013 | 11 February 2016 | 2 years, 151 days | |
20 | Fiona Nash | 11 February 2016 | 7 December 2017 | 1 year, 299 days | Joyce |
21 | Bridget McKenzie | 7 December 2017 | 2 February 2020 | ||
2 years, 57 days | McCormack | ||||
22 | David Littleproud | 2 years, 115 days | |||
4 February 2020 | 30 May 2022 | Joyce | |||
23 | Perin Davey | 30 May 2022 | Incumbent | 3 years, 34 days | Littleproud |
List of Senate Leaders
The Country Party's first Senators started their terms in 1926. However, the party did not have an official leader in the Senate until 1935. Before that, they had a "representative" if needed. This was so Senators could speak freely and not be told what to do by a party leader. On October 3, 1935, Charles Hardy was elected as the first "Leader of the Country Party in the Senate." After Hardy's term ended in 1938, the party did not elect another Senate leader until 1949. This was likely because they had very few Senators.
Unlike the leader in the House of Representatives, the Senate leader has not always been part of the government's main group of ministers.
# | Name | Term start | Term end | Time in office | Deputy |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Charles Hardy | 10 October 1935 | 30 June 1938 | 2 years, 263 days | |
vacant | 30 June 1938 | 1949 | |||
2 | Walter Cooper | 1949 | 1960 | ||
3 | Harrie Wade | 1961 | 1964 | ||
4 | Colin McKellar | 1964 | 1969 | ||
5 | Tom Drake-Brockman | 1969 | 1975 | ||
6 | James Webster | 1976 | 1980 | ||
7 | Douglas Scott | February 1980 | 30 June 1985 | ||
8 | Stan Collard | 1 July 1985 | 5 June 1987 | 1 year, 339 days | |
9 | John Stone | 21 August 1987 | 1 March 1990 | 2 years, 192 days | |
10 | Ron Boswell | 10 April 1990 | 3 December 2007 | 17 years, 237 days | Sandy Macdonald |
11 | Nigel Scullion | 3 December 2007 | 17 September 2008 | 289 days | Ron Boswell |
12 | Barnaby Joyce | 17 September 2008 | 8 August 2013 | 4 years, 325 days | Fiona Nash |
(11) | Nigel Scullion | 8 August 2013 | 28 May 2019 | 5 years, 293 days | |
13 | Bridget McKenzie | 28 May 2019 | incumbent | 6 years, 36 days | Matt Canavan |
Past Government and Opposition Leaders
This section lists National Party members who have held important leadership roles in government or opposition.
Federal Leaders
Name | Role | Term |
---|---|---|
Earle Page | Prime Minister | 7 April 1939 – 26 April 1939 |
Arthur Fadden | Prime Minister | 29 August 1941 – 7 October 1941 |
Leader of the Opposition | 7 October 1941 – 23 September 1943 | |
John McEwen | Prime Minister | 19 December 1967 – 10 January 1968 |
Queensland Leaders
Name | Role | Term |
---|---|---|
William Vowles | Leader of the Opposition | 28 July 1920 – 11 July 1923 |
Arthur Moore | Leader of the Opposition | 19 April 1924 – 12 May 1925 |
7 April 1936 – 15 July 1936 | ||
Ted Maher | Leader of the Opposition | 15 July 1936 – 21 May 1941 |
Frank Nicklin | Leader of the Opposition | 21 May 1941 – 12 August 1957 |
Premier | 12 August 1957 – 17 January 1968 | |
Jack Pizzey | Premier | 17 January 1968 – 31 July 1968 |
Joh Bjelke-Petersen | Premier | 8 August 1968 – 1 December 1987 |
Mike Ahern | Premier | 1 December 1987 – 25 September 1989 |
Russell Cooper | Premier | 25 September 1989 – 7 December 1989 |
Leader of the Opposition | 7 December 1989 – 9 December 1991 | |
Rob Borbidge | Leader of the Opposition | 10 December 1991 – 19 February 1996 |
Premier | 19 February 1996 – 20 June 1998 | |
Leader of the Opposition | 20 June 1998 – 2 March 2001 | |
Mike Horan | Leader of the Opposition | 2 March 2001 – 4 February 2003 |
Lawrence Springborg | Leader of the Opposition | 4 February 2003 – 18 September 2006 |
Jeff Seeney | Leader of the Opposition | 18 September 2006 – 29 January 2008 |
Lawrence Springborg | Leader of the Opposition | 29 January 2008 – 26 July 2008 |
Victoria Leaders
Name | Role | Term |
---|---|---|
John Allan | Premier | 18 November 1924 – 20 May 1927 |
Albert Dunstan | Premier | 2 April 1935 – 14 September 1943 |
Leader of the Opposition | 14 September 1943 – 18 September 1943 | |
Premier | 18 September 1943 – 2 October 1945 | |
John McDonald | Leader of the Opposition | 21 November 1945 – 20 November 1947 |
7 December 1948 – 27 June 1950 | ||
Premier | 27 June 1950 – 28 October 1952 | |
31 October 1952 – 17 December 1952 |
Western Australia Leaders
Name | Role | Term |
---|---|---|
Charles Latham | Leader of the Opposition | 24 April 1933 – 8 October 1942 |
Arthur Watts | Leader of the Opposition | 8 October 1942 – 1 April 1947 |
Mia Davies | Leader of the Opposition | 14 April 2021 – 30 January 2023 |
Shane Love | Leader of the Opposition | 30 January 2023 – present |
Images for kids
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Sir Earle Page, Prime Minister of Australia 1939
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Sir Arthur Fadden, Prime Minister of Australia 1941
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Sir John McEwen, Prime Minister of Australia 1967–68
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John McEwen being sworn in as Prime Minister on 19 December 1967.
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Prime Minister John Gorton and new Deputy Prime Minister Doug Anthony at the swearing-in of new Country Party ministers to the Second Gorton Ministry on 5 February 1971 following the retirement of McEwen.
See also
In Spanish: Partido Nacional de Australia para niños
- Young Nationals (Australia)
- Leader of the New South Wales National Party
- Katter's Australian Party
- National Party of Australia leadership spill, 2007