1275 facts for kids

The year 1275 was a time of important changes around the world. New laws were made, battles were fought, and new ideas and inventions appeared. People like the famous traveler Marco Polo were exploring new lands. This year saw many events that shaped history, from Europe to Asia.

Important Events

Europe's Happenings

Laws and Politics

• April 22 – The first Statutes of Westminster were passed in England. These new laws had 51 parts. They aimed for fair treatment for everyone, rich or poor. They also set rules for free elections. And they explained which crimes allowed bail (temporary release from prison).
• Eleanor de Montfort was captured by pirates. These pirates worked for Edward I of England. Edward wanted to stop Eleanor from marrying Llywelyn the Last. Llywelyn was the prince of Wales. Edward used Eleanor to try and control Llywelyn and Wales.
• Scottish forces won a big battle against the people of the Isle of Man. This victory made sure Scotland ruled the island.
• The Mongol Golden Horde attacked Lithuania for the third time.

New Discoveries and Ideas

• Jean de Meun finished the second part of Roman de la Rose. This was a famous French story. The first part was written by Guillaume de Lorris in 1230.
• The verge escapement was invented. This was a simple part used in clocks. It helped clocks keep time. The exact year it was invented is not known.
• Ramon Llull started a school in Majorca. He wanted to teach Arabic to preachers. This was so they could share their faith with Moors. He also discovered a chemical called diethyl ether.
• The first main survey of the Hundred Rolls was completed. This was an English census, like a count of the population. It was a follow-up to the Domesday Book from 1086. The survey started in 1274.

Asia's Stories

• March – A huge army of 200,000 Mongol-led troops faced a Chinese Song Dynasty army. The Mongol army was led by Bayan. The Song army had 130,000 soldiers. The Mongols won a big victory. After this, the Song Chancellor Jia Sidao lost his position. He was killed by one of his own guards while being sent away.
• Mongol forces captured the Chinese city of Suzhou.
• Marco Polo is said to have visited Xanadu. This was Kublai Khan's summer capital of the Mongol Empire.
• The city of Kunming became the capital of the Yunnan province. This province was part of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty.
• The Nestorian monk Rabban Bar Sauma began his long journey. He traveled from China towards Jerusalem.
• Chinese astronomers watched a total eclipse of the Sun. This happened in China on March 4.

Population and Time Periods

• The population of Bushmen in Basutoland (now Lesotho) was about 125,000 people.
• The Japanese era called Bun'ei ended. The new era, Kenji, began.

People Born This Year

• September 27 – John II, Duke of Brabant (died 1312)
• William of Alnwick, a Franciscan theologian (around this time; died 1333)
• Bartholomew de Badlesmere, 1st Lord Badlesmere (died 1322)
• Walter V of Brienne, Duke of Athens (around this time; died 1311)
• Edward Bruce, a Scottish nobleman (around this time; died 1318)
• Dnyaneshwar, a Hindu saint and poet (died 1296)
• Gediminas, Duke of Lithuania (around this time; died 1341)
• Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor (around this time; died 1313)
• Mondino de Liuzzi, an Italian doctor and anatomist (died 1326)
• John Menteith, a Scottish nobleman (around this time; died 1323)
• Giovanni Villani, a writer from Florence (around this time; died 1348)
• Giovanni d'Andrea, an Italian legal expert

People Who Passed Away

• April 13 – Eleanor of England (born 1215)
• September 24 – Humphrey de Bohun, 2nd Earl of Hereford, a Constable of England (born 1208)
• Bohemund VI of Antioch (born 1237)
• Ferdinand de la Cerda, Infante of Castile, Crown Prince of Castile

Images for kids

• 

  Mosaic of Marco Polo (c. 1254–1324)

• 

  Travels of Marco Polo (1271–1295)

See also

In Spanish: 1275 para niños