1388 facts for kids

The year 1388 was a time of many important changes and conflicts across the world. Kings and leaders faced challenges, battles were fought, and new ideas began to spread. This year saw big shifts in power in places like England, Scotland, Korea, and Thailand. It also marked the start of new universities and the building of impressive monasteries.

Key Events of 1388

New Ideas and Challenges

• The Wyclif Bible was finished by John Purvey. This was a very important translation of the Bible into English. Because of this, followers of John Wycliffe, known as the Lollards, started to face problems from authorities.

Battles and Power Shifts

• The Battle of Otterburn: A Scottish army, led by James Douglas, 2nd Earl of Douglas, won a big victory against an English army. They even captured the English leader, Henry Percy, also known as Harry Hotspur. Sadly, James Douglas was killed during this battle.
• Peace in Castile: John of Gaunt, who was the uncle of King Richard II of England, made peace with the kingdom of Castile (in modern-day Spain). He gave up his claim to their throne by arranging for his daughter, Katherine of Lancaster, to marry Prince Henry. Prince Henry was the oldest son of King John I of Castile.
• The Merciless Parliament in England: The entire group of advisors to King Richard II of England was found guilty of treason. This happened because of a powerful group called the Lords Appellant. Many of the King's advisors were either executed or sent away from the country. After this, King Richard II became like a puppet, with the Lords Appellant controlling his decisions.
• Changes in Ayutthaya: In the Ayutthaya Kingdom (which is now southern Thailand), Ramesuan became King again. He took over from the 17-year-old King Thong Chan, who was removed from power and executed.
• The Goryeo Revolution Begins: In Goryeo (modern-day Korea), General Yi Seonggye started a four-year revolution. This happened after King U of Goryeo ordered him to attack a much stronger Chinese army.
• King U of Goryeo Removed: As part of the Goryeo Revolution, King U of Goryeo was forced to leave his position. His son, Chang, took his place as King.
• Chinese Victory Over Mongols: A Chinese army, led by General Lan Yu, defeated a large Mongolian army. The Mongolian leader, Khan Toghus Temur, was killed while trying to escape. The Chinese also captured 100 members of the Yuan royal family. After Toghus Temur's death, his rival, Jorightu, became the new Khan of Mongolia.
• Karakorum Destroyed: Another Chinese army, led by General Xu Da, destroyed Karakorum. This city was the capital of the Mongolian Empire.
• Battle of Plocnik: A combined army from Serbia, Bosnia, and Bulgaria defeated an invading army from the Ottoman Empire.
• New King in Vietnam: Tran Ngung took over as King of Vietnam, replacing Tran Hien.
• Leadership Changes in Kanem-Bornu: In the Kanem–Bornu Empire (now parts of Chad and Nigeria), Omar I was replaced by Sa'id as King. Sa'id was then replaced by Kade Alunu in the same year. Both Omar and Sa'id were killed by invaders called the Bilala.
• New Sultan in Delhi: Ghiyas-ud-Din Tughluq II became the new Sultan of Delhi, taking over from Firuz Shah Tughluq.
• Charles VI of France Takes Control: King Charles VI of France became old enough to rule on his own. This ended the time when his uncle, Philip the Bold, ruled for him.

New Buildings and Institutions

• University of Cologne Founded: The University of Cologne was established. Today, it is one of the largest universities in Germany.
• Monasteries Built: The Cozia Monastery was built in Wallacia (part of modern-day Romania). Also, the Ljubostinja Monastery was built in Serbia.

Important People Born in 1388

• September 14 – Claudius Clavus: A Danish geographer who studied maps and the Earth.
• September 29 – Thomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence: He was the second son of Henry IV of England. (Died in 1421)
• Juliana Berners: An English writer.
• Thomas Montacute, 4th Earl of Salisbury: An important English nobleman. (Died in 1428)
• Dai Jin: A famous Chinese painter. (Died in 1462)

Important People Who Died in 1388

• Simon de Burley: An English nobleman who held an important position called Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports.
• James Douglas, 2nd Earl of Douglas: A Scottish leader who died in the Battle of Otterburn.
• Thomas Usk: An English writer.
• Sultan Firuz Shah Tughluq of Delhi.
• King Thong Chan of Ayutthaya.
• Khan Toghus Temur of Mongolia.
• King Omar I of the Kanem–Bornu Empire.
• King Sa'id of the Kanem-Bornu Empire.

See also

In Spanish: 1388 para niños