1390 facts for kids

The year 1390 was a time of many changes around the world. New leaders took power in several kingdoms and empires, from Scotland to Egypt and beyond. Important buildings were started, showing the growth of different cultures. This year saw shifts in power and new beginnings across Europe, Asia, and Africa.

Big Changes in Leadership

In 1390, many rulers either passed away or were replaced. This led to new kings and emperors taking charge in different parts of the world.

New Kings in Europe

• In Scotland, Robert III became king after his father, Robert II, died.
• In Castile and León (parts of modern-day Spain), Henry III became king. He took over from his father, John I.

Power Shifts in the Byzantine Empire

The Byzantine Empire was an ancient empire in the eastern Mediterranean.

• John VII Palaiologos briefly took over as Byzantine Emperor from his grandfather, John V Palaiologos.
• However, John V Palaiologos was soon put back in power. His son, Manuel, and the powerful Republic of Venice helped him regain his throne.
• Also, the Turks took control of Philadelphia. This city was the last important part of the Byzantine Empire in Anatolia (modern-day Turkey).

New Rulers in Other Empires

• In Egypt, Barquq became the Mamluk Sultan again. He had been overthrown but managed to take back his position.
• In the Sultanate of Delhi (in India), Nasir ud din Muhammad Shah III became Sultan. He replaced his brother, Abu Baker.
• Manuel III became Emperor of Trebizond (now in northeastern Turkey). He followed his father, Alexios III.
• Sikandar But-shikan became Sultan of Kashmir (a region in South Asia), taking over from Sikandar Shah.
• Ko Cheng became King of Champa (now eastern Vietnam). He replaced Che Bong Nga.
• In the Mali Empire (in West Africa), Mahmud became the new Mansa (ruler). He followed Sandaki.
• N'Diklam Sare became the ruler of the Jolof Empire (now part of Senegal) in West Africa.

Revolts and New Kingdoms

• Vytautas started a revolt against his cousin, Jogaila. Jogaila was the Supreme Prince of Lithuania. Vytautas got help from the Teutonic Knights, a powerful group of knights.
• Around this time, the Kingdom of Kaffa was created in what is now Ethiopia.

Amazing Buildings Started

The year 1390 also saw the beginning of construction for some very important and beautiful buildings.

Temples and Churches

• The building of Templo Mayor began in Tenochtitlan. This was the main temple of the Aztec capital (now Mexico City). It was a huge and important religious site.
• In the Majapahit Kingdom (now Indonesia), the Candi Surawana temple started to be built. This was another significant religious building.
• The San Petronio Basilica began construction in Bologna, Italy. This large church would become a famous landmark.

People Born in 1390

• December 27 – Anne de Mortimer, who had a claim to the English throne.
• Domenico da Piacenza, a famous Italian dance teacher.
• John Dunstaple, an important English composer of music.
• Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson, a Swedish statesman and rebel leader.
• Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, an English prince.
• John VIII Palaeologus, who would later become a Byzantine Emperor.

People Who Died in 1390

• April 19 – King Robert II of Scotland, who was the previous King of Scotland.
• August 14 – John FitzAlan, 2nd Baron Arundel, an English soldier.
• September 23 – John I, Duke of Lorraine, a duke from France.
• October 9 – King John I of Castile, who died after falling from a horse.
• Altichiero, a well-known Italian painter.
• Sultan Sikandar Shah of Kashmir.
• Towtiwil, a prince from Black Ruthenia.