kids encyclopedia robot

Manchu facts for kids

Kids Encyclopedia Facts
Quick facts for kids
Manchu (Manju, Man)
满族
Manchuguard.jpg
Total population
approx. 10.68 million (2000) [1]
Regions with significant populations
 China (Heilongjiang · Jilin · Liaoning)
There may also be members in Taiwan, United States, Canada and Japan.
Languages
Manchu · Mandarin Chinese
Religion
Buddhism, Christianity and other religions
Related ethnic groups
Xibe, other Tungusic peoples

The Manchu people are a Tungusic people who came from Manchuria (today's Northeastern China). During their rise in the seventeenth century they conquered the Ming Dynasty and founded the Qing Dynasty, which ruled China until the Xinhai Revolution in 1911, which established a republican government in its place.

The Qing Dynasty required by law that all males must wear a hairstyle called the Manchu queue, in which men had to shave the front of their heads and wear a long braid on the back of their heads.

The Manchu have largely assimilated with the Han Chinese.

Name

The Jiu Manzhou Dang contains the earliest use of Manchu. However, the actual etymology of the ethnic name "Manju" is debatable. According to the Qing dynasty's official historical record, the Researches on Manchu Origins, the ethnic name came from Mañjuśrī. The Qianlong Emperor also supported the point of view and even wrote several poems on the subject.

Meng Sen, a scholar of the Qing dynasty, agreed. On the other hand, he thought the name Manchu might stem from Li Manzhu (李滿住), the chieftain of the Jianzhou Jurchens.

Another scholar, Chang Shan, thinks Manju is a compound word. Man was from the word mangga (ᠮᠠᠩᡤᠠ) which means "strong," and ju (ᠵᡠ) means "arrow." So Manju actually means "intrepid arrow".

There are other hypotheses, such as Fu Sinian's "etymology of Jianzhou"; Zhang Binglin's "etymology of Manshi"; Isamura Sanjiro's "etymology of Wuji and Mohe"; Sun Wenliang's "etymology of Manzhe"; "etymology of mangu(n) river" and so on.

Population

Mainland China

Most Manchu people now live in Mainland China with a population of 10,410,585, which is 9.28% of ethnic minorities and 0.77% of China's total population. Among the provincial regions, there are two provinces, Liaoning and Hebei, which have over 1,000,000 Manchu residents. Liaoning has 5,336,895 Manchu residents which is 51.26% of Manchu population and 12.20% provincial population; Hebei has 2,118,711 which is 20.35% of Manchu people and 70.80% of provincial ethnic minorites. Manchus are the largest ethnic minority in Liaoning, Hebei, Heilongjiang and Beijing; 2nd largest in Jilin, Inner Mongolia, Tianjin, Ningxia, Shaanxi and Shanxi and 3rd largest in Henan, Shandong and Anhui.

Distribution

Rank Region Total
Population
Manchu Percentage
in Manchu
Population
Percentage
in the Population
of
Ethnic Minorities (%)
Regional Percentage
of
Population
Regional Rank
of
Ethnic Population
Total 1,335,110,869 10,410,585 100 9.28 0.77
Total
(in all 31 provincial regions)
1,332,810,869 10,387,958 99.83 9.28 0.78
G1 Northeast 109,513,129 6,951,280 66.77 68.13 6.35
G2 North 164,823,663 3,002,873 28.84 32.38 1.82
G3 East 392,862,229 122,861 1.18 3.11 0.03
G4 South Central 375,984,133 120,424 1.16 0.39 0.03
G5 Northwest 96,646,530 82,135 0.79 0.40 0.08
G6 Southwest 192,981,185 57,785 0.56 0.15 0.03
1 Liaoning 43,746,323 5,336,895 51.26 80.34 12.20 2nd
2 Hebei 71,854,210 2,118,711 20.35 70.80 2.95 2nd
3 Jilin 27,452,815 866,365 8.32 39.64 3.16 3rd
4 Heilongjiang 38,313,991 748,020 7.19 54.41 1.95 2nd
5 Inner Mongolia 24,706,291 452,765 4.35 8.96 2.14 3rd
6 Beijing 19,612,368 336,032 3.23 41.94 1.71 2nd
7 Tianjin 12,938,693 83,624 0.80 25.23 0.65 3rd
8 Henan 94,029,939 55,493 0.53 4.95 0.06 4th
9 Shandong 95,792,719 46,521 0.45 6.41 0.05 4th
10 Guangdong 104,320,459 29,557 0.28 1.43 0.03 9th
11 Shanghai 23,019,196 25,165 0.24 9.11 0.11 5th
12 Ningxia 6,301,350 24,902 0.24 1.12 0.40 3rd
13 Guizhou 34,748,556 23,086 0.22 0.19 0.07 18th
14 Xinjiang 21,815,815 18,707 0.18 0.14 0.09 10th
15 Jiangsu 78,660,941 18,074 0.17 4.70 0.02 7th
16 Shaanxi 37,327,379 16,291 0.16 8.59 0.04 3rd
17 Sichuan 80,417,528 15,920 0.15 0.32 0.02 10th
18 Gansu 25,575,263 14,206 0.14 0.59 0.06 7th
19 Yunnan 45,966,766 13,490 0.13 0.09 0.03 24th
20 Hubei 57,237,727 12,899 0.12 0.52 0.02 6th
21 Shanxi 25,712,101 11,741 0.11 12.54 0.05 3rd
22 Zhejiang 54,426,891 11,271 0.11 0.93 0.02 13th
23 Guangxi 46,023,761 11,159 0.11 0.07 0.02 12th
24 Anhui 59,500,468 8,516 0.08 2.15 0.01 4th
25 Fujian 36,894,217 8,372 0.08 1.05 0.02 10th
26 Qinghai 5,626,723 8,029 0.08 0.30 0.14 7th
27 Hunan 65,700,762 7,566 0.07 0.12 0.01 9th
28 Jiangxi 44,567,797 4,942 0.05 2.95 0.01 6th
29 Chongqing 28,846,170 4,571 0.04 0.24 0.02 7th
30 Hainan 8,671,485 3,750 0.04 0.26 0.04 8th
31 Tibet 3,002,165 718 <0.01 0.03 0.02 11th
Active Servicemen 2,300,000 22,627 0.24 23.46 1.05 2nd

Manchu autonomous regions

Manchu Autonomous County Province City
Qinglong Manchu Autonomous County Hebei Qinhuangdao
Fengning Manchu Autonomous County Hebei Chengde
Weichang Manchu and Mongol Autonomous County Hebei Chengde
Kuancheng Manchu Autonomous County Hebei Chengde
Xiuyan Manchu Autonomous County Liaoning Anshan
Qingyuan Manchu Autonomous County Liaoning Fushun
Xinbin Manchu Autonomous County Liaoning Fushun
Kuandian Manchu Autonomous County Liaoning Dandong
Benxi Manchu Autonomous County Liaoning Benxi
Huanren Manchu Autonomous County Liaoning Benxi
Yitong Manchu Autonomous County Jilin Siping
Manchu Ethnic
Town/Township
Province
Autonomous area
Municipality
City
Prefecture
County
Paifang Hui and Manchu Ethnic Township Anhui Hefei Feidong
Labagoumen Manchu Ethnic Township Beijing N/A Huairou
Changshaoying Manchu Ethnic Township Beijing N/A Huairou
Huangni Yi, Miao and Manchu Ethnic Township Guizhou Bijie Dafang
Jinpo Miao, Yi and Manchu Ethnic Township Guizhou Bijie Qianxi
Anluo Miao, Yi and Manchu Ethnic Township Guizhou Bijie Jinsha
Xinhua Miao, Yi and Manchu Ethnic Township Guizhou Bijie Jinsha
Tangquan Manchu Ethnic Township Hebei Tangshan Zunhua
Xixiaying Manchu Ethnic Township Hebei Tangshan Zunhua
Dongling Manchu Ethnic Township Hebei Tangshan Zunhua
Lingyunce Manchu and Hui Ethnic Township Hebei Baoding Yi
Loucun Manchu Ethnic Township Hebei Baoding Laishui
Daweihe Hui and Manchu Ethnic Township Hebei Langfang Wen'an
Pingfang Manchu Ethnic Township Hebei Chengde Luanping
Anchungou Manchu Ethnic Township Hebei Chengde Luanping
Wudaoyingzi Manchu Ethnic Township Hebei Chengde Luanping
Zhengchang Manchu Ethnic Township Hebei Chengde Luanping
Mayingzi Manchu Ethnic Township Hebei Chengde Luanping
Fujiadianzi Manchu Ethnic Township Hebei Chengde Luanping
Xidi Manchu Ethnic Township Hebei Chengde Luanping
Xiaoying Manchu Ethnic Township Hebei Chengde Luanping
Datun Manchu Ethnic Township Hebei Chengde Luanping
Xigou Manchu Ethnic Township Hebei Chengde Luanping
Gangzi Manchu Ethnic Township Hebei Chengde Chengde
Liangjia Manchu Ethnic Township Hebei Chengde Chengde
Bagualing Manchu Ethnic Township Hebei Chengde Xinglong
Nantianmen Manchu Ethnic Township Hebei Chengde Xinglong
Yinjiaying Manchu Ethnic Township Hebei Chengde Longhua
Miaozigou Mongol and Manchu Ethnic Township Hebei Chengde Longhua
Badaying Manchu Ethnic Township Hebei Chengde Longhua
Taipingzhuang Manchu Ethnic Township Hebei Chengde Longhua
Jiutun Manchu Ethnic Township Hebei Chengde Longhua
Xi'achao Manchu and Mongol Ethnic Township Hebei Chengde Longhua
Baihugou Mongol and Manchu Ethnic Township Hebei Chengde Longhua
Liuxi Manchu Ethnic Township Hebei Chengde Pingquan
Qijiadai Manchu Ethnic Township Hebei Chengde Pingquan
Pingfang Manchu and Mongol Ethnic Township Hebei Chengde Pingquan
Maolangou Manchu and Mongol Ethnic Township Hebei Chengde Pingquan
Xuzhangzi Manchu Ethnic Township Hebei Chengde Pingquan
Nanwushijia Manchu and Mongol Ethnic Township Hebei Chengde Pingquan
Guozhangzi Manchu Ethnic Township Hebei Chengde Pingquan
Hongqi Manchu Ethnic Township Heilongjiang Harbin Nangang
Xingfu Manchu Ethnic Township Heilongjiang Harbin Shuangcheng
Lequn Manchu Ethnic Township Heilongjiang Harbin Shuangcheng
Tongxin Manchu Ethnic Township Heilongjiang Harbin Shuangcheng
Xiqin Manchu Ethnic Township Heilongjiang Harbin Shuangcheng
Gongzheng Manchu Ethnic Township Heilongjiang Harbin Shuangcheng
Lianxing Manchu Ethnic Township Heilongjiang Harbin Shuangcheng
Xinxing Manchu Ethnic Township Heilongjiang Harbin Shuangcheng
Qingling Manchu Ethnic Township Heilongjiang Harbin Shuangcheng
Nongfeng Manchu and Xibe Ethnic Town Heilongjiang Harbin Shuangcheng
Yuejin Manchu Ethnic Township Heilongjiang Harbin Shuangcheng
Lalin Manchu Ethnic Town Heilongjiang Harbin Wuchang
Hongqi Manchu Ethnic Township Heilongjiang Harbin Wuchang
Niujia Manchu Ethnic Town Heilongjiang Harbin Wuchang
Yingchengzi Manchu Ethnic Township Heilongjiang Harbin Wuchang
Shuangqiaozi Manchu Ethnic Township Heilongjiang Harbin Wuchang
Liaodian Manchu Ethnic Township Heilongjiang Harbin Acheng
Shuishiying Manchu Ethnic Township Heilongjiang Qiqihar Ang'angxi
Youyi Daur, Kirgiz and Manchu Ethnic Township Heilongjiang Qiqihar Fuyu
Taha Manchu and Daur Ethnic Township Heilongjiang Qiqihar Fuyu
Jiangnan Korean and Manchu Ethnic Township Heilongjiang Mudanjiang Ning'an
Chengdong Korean and Manchu Ethnic Township Heilongjiang Mudanjiang Ning'an
Sijiazi Manchu Ethnic Township Heilongjiang Heihe Aihui
Yanjiang Daur and Manchu Ethnic Township Heilongjiang Heihe Sunwu
Suisheng Manchu Ethnic Town Heilongjiang Suihua Beilin
Yong'an Manchu Ethnic Town Heilongjiang Suihua Beilin
Hongqi Manchu Ethnic Township Heilongjiang Suihua Beilin
Huiqi Manchu Ethnic Town Heilongjiang Suihua Wangkui
Xiangbai Manchu Ethnic Township Heilongjiang Suihua Wangkui
Lingshan Manchu Ethnic Township Heilongjiang Suihua Wangkui
Fuxing Manchu Ethnic Township Heilongjiang Hegang Suibin
Chengfu Korean and Manchu Ethnic Township Heilongjiang Shuangyashan Youyi
Longshan Manchu Ethnic Township Jilin Siping Gongzhuling
Ershijiazi Manchu Ethnic Town Jilin Siping Gongzhuling
Sanjiazi Manchu Ethnic Township Jilin Yanbian Hunchun
Yangpao Manchu Ethnic Township Jilin Yanbian Hunchun
Wulajie Manchu Ethnic Town Jilin Jilin City Longtan
Dakouqin Manchu Ethnic Town Jilin Jilin City Yongji
Liangjiazi Manchu Ethnic Township Jilin Jilin City Yongji
Jinjia Manchu Ethnic Township Jilin Jilin City Yongji
Tuchengzi Manchu and Korean Ethnic Township Jilin Jilin City Yongji
Jindou Korean and Manchu Ethnic Township Jilin Tonghua Tonghua County
Daquanyuan Korean and Manchu Ethnic Township Jilin Tonghua Tonghua County
Xiaoyang Manchu and Korean Ethnic Township Jilin Tonghua Meihekou
Sanhe Manchu and Korean Ethnic Township Jilin Liaoyuan Dongfeng County
Mantang Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Shenyang Dongling
Liushutun Mongol and Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Shenyang Kangping
Shajintai Mongol and Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Shenyang Kangping
Dongsheng Manchu and Mongol Ethnic Township Liaoning Shenyang Kangping
Liangguantun Mongol and Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Shenyang Kangping
Shihe Manchu Ethnic Town Liaoning Dalian Jinzhou
Qidingshan Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Dalian Jinzhou
Taling Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Dalian Zhuanghe
Gaoling Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Dalian Zhuanghe
Guiyunhua Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Dalian Zhuanghe
Sanjiashan Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Dalian Zhuanghe
Yangjia Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Dalian Wafangdian
Santai Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Dalian Wafangdian
Laohutun Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Dalian Wafangdian
Dagushan Manchu Ethnic Town Liaoning Anshan Qianshan
Songsantaizi Korean and Manchu Ethnic Town Liaoning Anshan Qianshan
Lagu Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Fushun Fushun County
Tangtu Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Fushun Fushun County
Sishanling Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Benxi Nanfen
Xiamatang Manchu Ethnic Town Liaoning Benxi Nanfen
Huolianzhai Hui and Manchu Ethnic Town Liaoning Benxi Xihu
Helong Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Dandong Donggang
Longwangmiao Manchu and Xibe Ethnic Town Liaoning Dandong Donggang
Juliangtun Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Jinzhou Yi
Jiudaoling Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Jinzhou Yi
Dizangsi Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Jinzhou Yi
Hongqiangzi Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Jinzhou Yi
Liulonggou Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Jinzhou Yi
Shaohuyingzi Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Jinzhou Yi
Dadingpu Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Jinzhou Yi
Toutai Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Jinzhou Yi
Toudaohe Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Jinzhou Yi
Chefang Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Jinzhou Yi
Wuliangdian Manchu Ethnic Town Liaoning Jinzhou Yi
Baichanmen Manchu Ethnic Town Liaoning Jinzhou Heishan
Zhen'an Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Jinzhou Heishan
Wendilou Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Jinzhou Linghai
Youwei Manchu Ethnic Town Liaoning Jinzhou Linghai
East Liujiazi Manchu and Mongol Ethnic Town Liaoning Fuxin Zhangwu
West Liujiazi Manchu and Mongol Ethnic Town Liaoning Fuxin Zhangwu
Jidongyu Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Liaoyang Liaoyang County
Shuiquan Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Liaoyang Liaoyang County
Tianshui Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Liaoyang Liaoyang County
Quantou Manchu Ethnic Town Liaoning Tieling Changtu County
Babaotun Manchu, Xibe and Korean Ethnic Town Liaoning Tieling Kaiyuan
Huangqizhai Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Tieling Kaiyuan
Shangfeidi Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Tieling Kaiyuan
Xiafeidi Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Tieling Kaiyuan
Linfeng Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Tieling Kaiyuan
Baiqizhai Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Tieling Tieling County
Hengdaohezi Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Tieling Tieling County
Chengping Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Tieling Xifeng
Dexing Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Tieling Xifeng
Helong Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Tieling Xifeng
Jinxing Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Tieling Xifeng
Mingde Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Tieling Xifeng
Songshu Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Tieling Xifeng
Yingcheng Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Tieling Xifeng
Xipingpo Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Huludao Suizhong
Dawangmiao Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Huludao Suizhong
Fanjia Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Huludao Suizhong
Gaodianzi Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Huludao Suizhong
Gejia Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Huludao Suizhong
Huangdi Manchu Ethnic Town Liaoning Huludao Suizhong
Huangjia Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Huludao Suizhong
Kuanbang Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Huludao Suizhong
Mingshui Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Huludao Suizhong
Shahe Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Huludao Suizhong
Wanghu Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Huludao Suizhong
Xiaozhuangzi Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Huludao Suizhong
Yejia Manchu Ethnic Town Liaoning Huludao Suizhong
Gaotai Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Huludao Suizhong
Baita Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Huludao Xingcheng
Caozhuang Manchu Ethnic Town Liaoning Huludao Xingcheng
Dazhai Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Huludao Xingcheng
Dongxinzhuang Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Huludao Xingcheng
Gaojialing Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Huludao Xingcheng
Guojia Manchu Ethnic Town Liaoning Huludao Xingcheng
Haibin Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Huludao Xingcheng
Hongyazi Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Huludao Xingcheng
Jianjin Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Huludao Xingcheng
Jianchang Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Huludao Xingcheng
Jiumen Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Huludao Xingcheng
Liutaizi Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Huludao Xingcheng
Nandashan Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Huludao Xingcheng
Shahousuo Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Huludao Xingcheng
Wanghai Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Huludao Xingcheng
Weiping Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Huludao Xingcheng
Wenjia Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Huludao Xingcheng
Yang'an Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Huludao Xingcheng
Yaowangmiao Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Huludao Xingcheng
Yuantaizi Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Huludao Xingcheng
Erdaowanzi Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Huludao Jianchang
Xintaimen Manchu Ethnic Township Liaoning Huludao Lianshan
Manzutun Manchu Ethnic Township Inner Mongolia Hinggan Horqin Right Front Banner
Guanjiayingzi Manchu Ethnic Township Inner Mongolia Chifeng Songshan
Shijia Manchu Ethnic Township Inner Mongolia Chifeng Harqin Banner
Caonian Manchu Ethnic Township Inner Mongolia Ulanqab Liangcheng
Sungezhuang Manchu Ethnic Township Tianjin N/A Ji

Culture

Influence on other Tungusic peoples

The Manchus implemented measures to "Manchufy" the other Tungusic peoples living around the Amur River basin. The southern Tungusic Manchus influenced the northern Tungusic peoples linguistically, culturally, and religiously.

Language and alphabet

Language

An Activity of Manchu Language by the Government and students in Changchun
"Banjin Inenggi" and Manchu linguistic activity by the government and students in Changchun, 2011

The Manchu language is a Tungusic language and has many dialects. Its standard form is called "Standard Manchu". It originates from the accent of Jianzhou Jurchens and was officially standardized during the Qianlong Emperor's reign. During the Qing dynasty, Manchus at the imperial court were required to speak Standard Manchu or face the emperor's reprimand. This applied equally to the palace presbyter for shamanic rites when performing sacrifice.

After the 19th century, most Manchus had perfected Standard Chinese and the number of Manchu speakers was dwindling. Although the Qing emperors emphasized the importance of the Manchu language again and again, the tide could not be turned. After the Qing dynasty collapsed, the Manchu language lost its status as a national language and its official use in education ended. Manchus today generally speak Standard Chinese. The remaining skilled native Manchu speakers number less than 100, most of whom are to be found in Sanjiazi (Manchu: ᡳᠯᠠᠨ
ᠪᠣᡠ
, Möllendorff: ilan boo, Abkai: ilan bou), Heilongjiang Province. Since the 1980s, there has been a resurgence of the Manchu language among the government, scholars and social activities. In recent years, with the help of the governments in Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang, many schools started to have Manchu classes. There are also Manchu volunteers in many places of China who freely teach Manchu in the desire to rescue the language. Thousands of non-Manchus have learned the language through these platforms.

Today, in an effort to save Manchu culture from extinction, the older generation of Manchus are spending their own money and time to teach young people. In an effort to encourage learners, these classes were oftentimes free. They teach through the Internet and even mail Manchu textbooks for free, all for the purpose of protecting the national cultural traditions.

Alphabet

The Jurchens, ancestors of the Manchus, had created Jurchen script in the Jin dynasty. After the Jin dynasty collapsed, the Jurchen script was gradually lost. In the Ming dynasty, 60%–70% of Jurchens used Mongolian script to write letters and 30%–40% of Jurchens used Chinese characters. This persisted until Nurhaci revolted against the Ming Empire. Nurhaci considered it a major impediment that his people lacked a script of their own, so he commanded his scholars, Gagai and Eldeni, to create Manchu characters by reference to Mongolian scripts. They dutifully complied with the Khan's order and created Manchu script, which is called "script without dots and circles" (Manchu: ᡨᠣᠩᡴᡳ
ᡶᡠᡴᠠ
ᠠᡴᡡ
ᡥᡝᡵᡤᡝᠨ
, Möllendorff: tongki fuka akū hergen, Abkai: tongki fuka akv hergen; Chinese: 无圈点满文) or "old Manchu script" (Chinese: 老满文). Due to its hurried creation, the script has its defects. Some vowels and consonants were difficult to distinguish. Shortly afterwards, their successor Dahai used dots and circles to distinguish vowels, aspirated and non-aspirated consonants and thus completed the script. His achievement is called "script with dots and circles" or "new Manchu script".

Traditional lifestyle

The Manchu are often mistakenly labelled a nomadic people, but they were sedentary agricultural people who lived in fixed villages, farmed crops and practiced hunting and mounted archery.

The southern Tungusic Manchu farming sedentary lifestyle was very different from the nomadic hunter gatherer forager lifestyle of their more northern Tungusic relatives like the Warka, which caused the Qing state to attempt to sedentarize them and adopt the farming lifestyle of the Manchus.

Images for kids

See also

Kids robot.svg In Spanish: Manchú para niños

kids search engine
Manchu Facts for Kids. Kiddle Encyclopedia.